I'm working in Windows 7 and scrappy interactive console (based on IPython).
I'm doing step Trying Selectors in the Shell in the tutorial
If i grab some site with english letters title, all is okay, like in the tutorial:
In [5]: hxs.select('//title/text()').re('(\w+):')`
Out[5]: [u'Computers', u'Programming', u'Languages', u'Python']`
But if i grab site with non-english letters (russian, Unicode), re() method does not return anything:
In [25]: hxs.select('//title/text()').re('(\w+)')
Out[25]: []
There is some text in Title, it is not empty:
In [24]: hxs.select('//title/text()').extract()
Out[24]: [u'\u041b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a \u0430\u0431\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432']
Help me, can i use scrapy' re() with unicode symbols?
Sounds like Scrapy isn't using the re.UNICODE flag for its regexes, so \w isn't including all the Unicode-defined "word" characters.
The docs seem to indicate that Scrapy's .re can take an already-compiled regex, so you could try compiling your regex yourself with the UNICODE flag:
import re
hxs.select('//title/text()').re(re.compile('(\w+)', re.UNICODE))
Related
I have a very old program (not a server or something on the internet) that I think it use the ANSI (Windows-1252) encoding.
The problem is that some inputs to this program are written in Arabic.
However, when I am trying to read the result, the Arabic words are written with very wired character. For example the input: "نور" is converted to "äæÑ".
The program output should contain a combination of English words and Arabic words.
E.x. It outputs "Name äæÑ" while the correct output should be something like "Name نور".
In general, the English words are correct and readable with both UTF-8 and ANSI. But the Arabic words are read for example as "���" with UTF-8 and as "äæÑ" with ANSI.
I understand that this is because ANSI doesn't have support to non-Latin letters.
but what should I do now? How can I convert them to Arabic again?
Note: I know the exact input and the exact output that this program should produce.
Note2: I don't have the source code of this program. I just want to convert the output file of this program to have the correct words or encoding.
I solved this problem now by typing in the terminal:
iconv -f WINDOWS-1256 -t utf8 < my_File.ged > result.ged
I tried to write code in java that do a similar thing but it wasn't really working with giving my the result I wanted.
I have also tried the previous terminal command but using WINDOWS-1252 instead of WINDOWS-1256 but it wasn't working. So, I guess it is good to try different encoding until it is working
I want to use emojis in my iOS and Android app. I checked the list of emojis here and it lists out the hex code for the emojis. When I try to use the hex code such as U+1F600 directly, I don't see the emoji within the app. I found one other way of representing emoji which looks like \uD83D\uDE00. When using this notation, the emoji is seen within the app without any extra code. I think this is a Unicode string for the emoji. I think this is more of a general question that specific to emojis. How can I convert an emoji hex code to the Unicode string as shown above. I didn't find any list where the Unicode for the emojis is listed.
It seems that your question is really one of "how do I display a character, knowing its code point?"
This question turns out to be rather language-dependent! Modern languages have little trouble with this. In Swift, we do this:
$ swift
Welcome to Apple Swift version 3.0.2 (swiftlang-800.0.63 clang-800.0.42.1). Type :help for assistance.
1> "\u{1f600}"
$R0: String = "😀"
In JavaScript, it is the same:
$ node
> "\u{1f600}"
'😀'
In Java, you have to do a little more work. If you want to use the code point directly you can say:
new StringBuilder().appendCodePoint(0x1f600).toString();
The sequence "\uD83D\uDE00" also works in all three languages. This is because those "characters" are actually what Unicode calls surrogates and when they are combined together a certain way they stand for a single character. The details of how this all works can be found on the web in many places (look for UTF-16 encoding). The algorithm is there. In a nutshell you take the code point, subtract 10000 hex, and spread out the 20 bits of that difference like this: 110110xxxxxxxxxx110111xxxxxxxxxx.
But rather than worrying about this translation, you should use the code point directly if your language supports it well. You might also be able to copy-paste the emoji character into a good text editor (make sure the encoding is set to UTF-8). If you need to use the surrogates, your best best is to look up a Unicode chart that shows you something called the "UTF-16 encoding."
In Delphi XE #$1F600 is equivalent to #55357#56832 or D83D DE04 smile.
Within a program, I use it in the following way:
const smilepage : array [1..3] of WideString =(#$1F600,#$1F60A,#$2764);
JavaScript - two way
let hex = "😀".codePointAt(0).toString(16)
let emo = String.fromCodePoint("0x"+hex);
console.log(hex, emo);
I am trying to read string data from txt file which has special turkish characters in it.
I want to store content in a string. I tried some methods like textscan , fileread but, instead of special turkish characters like ş,ç,ı,ö,ğ, there are some weird symbols. Are there any way to do that?
I created a file called turkish.txt with the characters you mentioned (ş,ç,ı,ö,ğ). Trying to read it gave me the following:
fid = fopen('turkish.txt','r','n','UTF-8');
str=fread(fid);
native2unicode(str')
ans =
ÿþ_, ç , 1, ö ,
As you can see, ş,ı,ğ are not rendered correctly. If you type
help slCharacterEncoding
You can see a list of most commonly supported encodings by platforms. I played with the encodings a little, some which I have checked were:
ISO-8891-1
US-ASCII
Windows-1252
Shift_JIS
The last one is related to japanese characters. They contain some of the turkish characters, which were rendered correctly such as ç and ö, but not all of them.
If you skim through the docs it says:
If you want to use a different character encoding, you need to start MATLAB with the appropriate locale settings for your operating system. Consult your operating system manual to change the locale setting.
The instructions for setting the locale on windows platforms, which I haven't tried, can be found here.
Hope it helps.
Where can I find a Unicode table showing only the simplified Chinese characters?
I have searched everywhere but cannot find anything.
UPDATE :
I have found that there is another encoding called GB 2312 -
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GB_2312
- which contains only simplified characters.
Surely I can use this to get what I need?
I have also found this file which maps GB2312 to Unicode -
http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/GUS/Unicode-UTF8simple-1.06/gb2312.txt
- but I'm not sure if it's accurate or not.
If that table isn't correct maybe someone could point me to one that is, or maybe just a table of the GB2312 characters and some way to convert them?
UPDATE 2 :
This site also provides a GB/Unicode table and even a Java program to generate a file
with all the GB characters as well as the Unicode equivalents :
http://www.herongyang.com/gb2312/
The Unihan database contains this information in the file Unihan_Variants.txt. For example, a pair of traditional/simplified characters are:
U+673A kTraditionalVariant U+6A5F
U+6A5F kSimplifiedVariant U+673A
In the above case, U+6A5F is 機, the traditional form of 机 (U+673A).
Another approach is to use the CC-CEDICT project, which publishes a dictionary of Chinese characters and compounds (both traditional and simplified). Each entry looks something like:
宕機 宕机 [dang4 ji1] /to crash (of a computer)/Taiwanese term for 當機|当机[dang4 ji1]/
The first column is traditional characters, and the second column is simplified.
To get all the simplified characters, read this text file and make a list of every character that appears in the second column. Note that some characters may not appear by themselves (only in compounds), so it is not sufficient to look at single-character entries.
The OP doesn't indicate which language they're using, but if you're using Ruby, I've written a small library that can distinguish between simplified and traditional Chinese (plus Korean and Japanese as a bonus). As suggested in Greg's answer, it relies on a distilled version of Unihan_Variants.txt to figure out which chars are exclusively simplified and which are exclusively traditional.
https://github.com/jpatokal/script_detector
Sample:
p string
=> "我的氣墊船充滿了鱔魚."
> string.chinese?
=> true
> string.traditional_chinese?
=> true
> string.simplified_chinese?
=> false
But as the Unicode FAQ duly warns, this requires sizable fragments of text to work reliably, and will give misleading results for short strings. Consider the Japanese for Tokyo:
p string
=> "東京"
> string.chinese?
=> true
> string.traditional_chinese?
=> true
> string.japanese?
=> false
Since both characters happen to also be valid traditional Chinese, and there are no exclusively Japanese characters, it's not recognized correctly.
I'm not sure if that's easily done. The Han ideographs are unified in Unicode, so it's not immediately obvious how to do it. But the Unihan database (http://www.unicode.org/charts/unihan.html) might have the data you need.
Here is a regex of all simplified Chinese characters I made. For some reason Stackoverflow is complaining, so it's linked in a pastebin below.
https://pastebin.com/xw4p7RVJ
You'll notice that this list features ranges rather than each individual character, but also that these are utf-8 characters, not escaped representations. It's served me well in one iteration or another since around 2010. Hopefully everyone else can make some use of it now.
If you don't want the simplified chars (I can't imagine why, it's not come up once in 9 years), iterate over all the chars from ['一-龥'] and try to build a new list. Or run two regex's, one to check it is Chinese, but is not simplified Chinese
According to wikipedia simplified Chinese v. traditional, kanji, or other formats is left up to the font rendering in many cases. So while you could have a selection of simplified Chinese codepoints, this list would not be at all complete since many characters are no longer distinct.
I don't believe that there's a table with only simplified code points. I think they're all lumped together in the CJK range of 0x4E00 through 0x9FFF
This is a double question for you amazingly kind Stacked Overflow Wizards out there.
How do I set emacs/slime/swank to use UTF-8 when talking with Clojure, or use UTF-8 at the command-line REPL? At the moment I cannot send any non-roman characters to swank-clojure, and using the command-line REPL garbles things.
It's really easy to do regular expressions on latin text:
(re-seq #"[\w]+" "It's really true that Japanese sentences don't need spaces?")
But what if I had some japanese? I thought that this would work, but I can't test it:
(re-seq #"[(?u)\w]+" "日本語 の 文章 に は スペース が 必要 ない って、 本当？")
It gets harder if we have to use a dictionary to find word breaks, or to find a katakana-only word ourselves:
(re-seq #"[アイウエオ-ン]" "日本語の文章にはスペースが必要ないって、本当？")
Thanks!
Can't help with swank or Emacs, I'm afraid. I'm using Enclojure on NetBeans and it works well there.
On matching: As Alex said, \w doesn't work for non-English characters, not even the extended Latin charsets for Western Europe:
(re-seq #"\w+" "prøve") =>("pr" "ve") ; Norwegian
(re-seq #"\w+" "mañana") => ("ma" "ana") ; Spanish
(re-seq #"\w+" "große") => ("gro" "e") ; German
(re-seq #"\w+" "plaît") => ("pla" "t") ; French
The \w skips the extended chars. Using [(?u)\w]+ instead makes no difference, same with the Japanese.
But see this regex reference: \p{L} matches any Unicode character in category Letter, so it actually works for Norwegian
(re-seq #"\p{L}+" "prøve")
=> ("prøve")
as well as for Japanese (at least I suppose so, I can't read it but it seems to be in the ballpark):
(re-seq #"\p{L}+" "日本語 の 文章 に は スペース が 必要 ない って、 本当？")
=> ("日本語" "の" "文章" "に" "は" "スペース" "が" "必要" "ない" "って" "本当")
There are lots of other options, like matching on combining diacritical marks and whatnot, check out the reference.
Edit: More on Unicode in Java
A quick reference to other points of potential interest when working with Unicode.
Fortunately, Java generally does a very good job of reading and writing text in the correct encodings for the location and platform, but occasionally you need to override it.
This is all Java, most of this stuff does not have a Clojure wrapper (at least not yet).
java.nio.charset.Charset - represents a charset like US-ASCII, ISO-8859-1, UTF-8
java.io.InputStreamReader - lets you specify a charset to translate from bytes to strings when reading. There is a corresponding OutputStreamWriter.
java.lang.String - lets you specify a charset when creating a String from an array of bytes.
java.lang.Character - has methods for getting the Unicode category of a character and converting between Java chars and Unicode code points.
java.util.regex.Pattern - specification of regexp patterns, including Unicode blocks and categories.
Java characters/strings are UTF-16 internally. The char type (and its wrapper Character) is 16 bits, which is not enough to represent all of Unicode, so many non-Latin scripts need two chars to represent one symbol.
When dealing with non-Latin Unicode it's often better to use code points rather than characters. A code point is one Unicode character/symbol represented as an int. The String and Character classes have methods for converting between Java chars and Unicode code points.
unicode.org - the Unicode standard and code charts.
I'm putting this here since I occasionally need this stuff, but not often enough to actually remember the details from one time to the next. Sort of a note to my future self, and it might be useful to others starting out with international languages and encodings as well.
I'll answer half a question here:
How do I set emacs/slime/swank to use UTF-8 when talking with Clojure, or use UTF-8 at the command-line REPL?
A more interactive way:
M-x customize-group
"slime-lisp"
Find the option for slime coding system, and select utf-8-unix. Save this so Emacs picks it up in your next session.
Or place this in your .emacs:
(custom-set-variables '(slime-net-coding-system (quote utf-8-unix)))
That's what the interactive menu will do anyway.
Works on Emacs 23 and works on my machine
For katakana, Wikipedia shows you the Unicode ordering. So if you wanted to use a regex character class that caught all the katakana, I suppose you could do something like this:
user> (re-seq #"[\u30a0-\u30ff]+" "日本語の文章にはスペースが必要ないって、本当？")
("スペース")
Hiragana, for what it's worth:
user> (re-seq #"[\u3040-\u309f]+" "日本語の文章にはスペースが必要ないって、本当？")
("の" "には" "が" "ないって")
I'd be pretty amazed if any regex could detect Japanese word breaks.
for international characters you need to use Java Character classes, something like [\p{javaLowerCase}\p{javaUpperCase}]+ to match any word character... \w is used for ASCII - see java.util.Regex documentation
Prefix your regex with (?U) like so: (re-matches #"(?U)\w+" "ñé2_hi") => "ñé2_hi".
This sets the UNICODE_CHARACTER_CLASS flag to true so that the typical character classes do what you want with non-ASCII Unicode.
See here for more info: http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/regex/Pattern.html#UNICODE_CHARACTER_CLASS