Question about networks and connections from pc to servers - sockets

Please let me know if this question is not appropriate for this medium. However, I have been trying to get an answer to this seemingly unanswerable question for quite some time. When dealing with connection to a server/website, I noticed that you either have to use programming language like python, burpsuite, or a browser. However, when I tried to understand how those aforementioned softwares work on a fundamental level, I could not find any answers. It seems there is a complex system that is required to connect to a another network. Is there a way to understand this on a fundamental level?
I'm not talking about macro networking concepts, I am talking about : "what is the computer doing when the information is sent?" What system is being utilized to convert my requests from python to its destination? Is it machine code? I am having a hard time asking this question, perhaps because I know too little, but I hope someone will know the answer:)
Other questions include, why can't you change a header response in the browser, but you can change it in python or burpsuite?
Thank you so much community!
I have tried googling for hours to no avail. No text book i have downloaded from libgen.is has the answer either.

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How to protect unity assembly without compiling to IL2CPP? [duplicate]

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I release a bunch of tools for free, but recently I have began to sell an application, that has private research, and people have been able to get my source code, and one person publically released my entire source. I spent a lot of time on this program, just to have someone crack it, and release my entire source.
How can I go about protecting my program? I have tried HWID, but people are still able to crack it. I know I am limited by C#, but it the most convenient to use. I just need a way to protect my programs from people trying to do this.
You could have a look at the many obfuscation tools that are out there, for example these:
http://gapotchenko.com/eazfuscator.net
http://orangeheap.blogspot.nl
http://confuser.codeplex.com (succeeded by https://yck1509.github.io/ConfuserEx/ and then again by https://github.com/XenocodeRCE/neo-ConfuserEx)
http://ntoolbox.com)
Well, the problem with languages like C#/Java is that they are generally much easier to de-obfuscate. The way to secure this is generally to put this stuff into a webservice, but you said you couldn't really do that. What about porting specific non-trivial functions over to a language like C, and obfuscate that. Your C# program could then use reflection to make calls to this external/unmanaged dll. It would increase the difficulty for de-obfuscating, but the problem is that if someone wants it bad enough, they can figure it out as it is client-side.
It may be that legal action is the only real solution here, but this is not a site for legal advice, and I am not qualified to give it if it were.
Additionally, this could be a business decision. Consider Making your software open-source and post a donation link. I am also not qualified to give business advice, but this is worth considering. It may actually increase your revenue, not to mention the other benefits that come with releasing open-source software.
There's Dotfuscator (http://www.preemptive.com/products/dotfuscator/overview). But the best solution in some cases is to offer what you do as a web site (Software as a Service).
Consider this tool for example to convert VB to C#: http://converter.telerik.com/
Or this tool to format JSON: http://jsonformatter.curiousconcept.com/
This may or may not work for you. I don't know what the nature of the software you're trying to protect is.
No, your code needs to contain the information needed to decrypt itself, its an impossible problem to solve.
Your best solution is to put your intellectual property on a server in the cloud that only you have access to. Give your customers a unique login, audit their access to check for abuse, off load as much grunt work onto your customers machines, but keep your algorithms locked into the cloud.

How to connect HC-05 to MSP430

I am trying to use Bluetooth module HC-05 with MSP430 by Texas Instrunments.
I want the bluetooth module to collect data wirelessly from an android phone via bluetooth. Can anyone please help me?
You will find an answer and the end. But first I need to write a few introducing words.
You are new to SO and, you might wonder why no one answered your question.
If I should guess: IMHO there could be two main reasons for this.
Your question is not specific enough:
What kind of TI MSP430 do you intend to use? I suppose you use a launchpad G2(?).
What have you tried so far? You can not expect someone else to invest some time if you did not try so solve your problem yourself. Perhaps it easy, if you only try. The people here love to help, but they expect you to be interested in the problem.
What is your backgroud: Are you a programmer but do not know how to connect the hc05 to the MSP or are you fit in electronics and connecting MCUs? Are you a complete beginner?
There are so much cases and I would not have the time to handle all.
I used google to search "MSP430 HC-05" and found a lot of usefull stuff. The first hit is a project working with a Energia IDE, a HC-05 module, a G2-Launchpad and even an Android phone. I and probably other people do not understand why you did not try to search the internet for information.
Ok! enough wise words! ;-)
Here is the promised answer:
You find an example project with the following URL: http://www.electronicwings.com/ti-launchpad/hc-05-bluetooth-module-interfacing-with-msp-exp430g2-ti-launchpad
More results can be found: including (Youtube) Videos
- Keywords: HC-05 MSP430
Please try to work with that material and feel free to ask furter questions here.
But please be sure to be a bit more specific. (Code examples, error messages, your configuration and hardware and what you've tried so far.)
Cheers PPK

Connecting to a PLC from a PC through CAN/CANopen

First I have to say that I am not very experienced with neither Linux nor CAN/CANopen, so if something here is unclear or missing anything critical, please tell me.
I have a project where I require to connect a PC to a PLC via CAN/CANopen. I have a CAN-USB converter (canusb.com) and a PLC by Festo.
I have compiled the CANopen stack (CanFestival), but where do I go from here? It looks extremely complicated, and I really don’t understand it at all.
(My first goal would be to establish contact with the PLC through the CAN adapter and verify in some way that they are able to talk. The main goal is to be able to turn some valves on and off on the PLC by setting some registers.)
I'm familiar with CANopen, having written a stack and designed devices for it. In my opinion, this is going to be a major learning curve for you and will most likely take weeks of work. Most PLCs support most, if not all, fieldbus protocols. Does yours support Modbus? If it does, then you'll be up and running in a day or two: Modbus is simple to program.
I was in the same situation as you last year, and keeping in mind my deep understanding of CANopen, that's how I handled it. That said, I don't work by the hour, and it was a fixed price job, so I was after the overall cheapest solution, and this required buying a PLC module that supported Modbus.

Need help: Forum for Receiver Design queries

As much as I love this forum for my programming related questions, I am finding little or no help here. I am working on designing a Receiver for WLAN and have have lot of queries and I am looking for a forum where I can ask someone who are working in the same area.
I would be glad if you could suggest me where I can post my questions.
Thanks
For basic receiver design, you may want to have a look at our sister site, electronics.stackexchange. Also, Signal, Image & Video Processing might be of help once it gets off the ground.
Also, when you're working in a specific field with which programmers in general are not very familiar, you have to explain your questions very well in terms that everybody understands. To give you an example:
In 802.11b, Barker Code is used for spreading.
is completely incomprehensible for me, and, sorry, I don't have the time to fire up Wikipedia and order textbooks from our library to teach myself the specifics of how WLANs work.

Learning... anything really [closed]

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I'm particularly interested in Windows PowerShell, but here's a somewhat more general complaint:
When asking for help on learning something new, be it a small subject on PHP or understanding a class in Java, what usually happens is that people direct me towards the documentation pages.
What I'm looking for is somewhat of a course. A deep explanation of why something works the way it does.
I know my basic programming, like Java and C#. I've never seen C or C++, though I have seen a bit of assembler. I know what the Stack and Heap are, how boxing and unboxing works, why you have to deep-copy an array instead of copying the pointer and some other things.
Windows PowerShell on the other hand, I know nothing about. And I notice that when reading the small document or some code, I usually forget what it does or why it works.
What I am looking for is preferably, a nice tutorial that explains the beginnings, the concepts, and goes to more difficult things at a steady pace.
The only thing documentation can do is explain what a function does. That's no good to me since I don't know what I want to do yet. I could read about a thousand functions, and forget about most of them, because I don't need to implement them right after it. Randomly wandering through the documentation doesn't do me any good.
So conclude, what is a good tutorial on Windows Powershell? One which explains in clear language what is happening, one which builds on previous things learned.
I don't think googling this is a good idea. Doing a Google search on this would turn up numerous tutorials. And experience tells me that you have to look long and hard to find the gem you're looking for. That's why I'm asking here. Because this is the place where you can find more experienced people. Many of the PowerShell guys among you will know the good ones already, and by asking you, I avoid wasting time that could be spent learning. So to summarize: I will not google this!
I wrote a free eBook along these lines. I will let you be the judge of whether or not it is good but my goal was to provide folks with a good mental model for how PowerShell works. You can download it from here. It is about 60 pages or so. You can find a more comprehensive free ebook online called Master-PowerShell.
Of course, you can peruse StackOverflow for Q&A and also ask questions as you have them.
I like this one
http://arstechnica.com/business/news/2005/10/msh.ars/2
I wouldn't consider doing research on a programming language a failure, even if it takes you forever to find that "gem" you are looking for. Searching for awesome material is an art and the more you do it, the better you get at it. The community won't always be able (or willing) to answer all of your questions for you, especially if they know you haven't done your due diligence to look something up.
"What tutorial do you recommend for learning PowerShell?" might be an answer to your question.
I like to use the O'Reilly Pocket Reference versions of books to get started in a new subject. Easy to take with you on the plane, on a lunch break, or in the necessary (beats People magazine).
Here's the Windows PowerShell Pocket Reference at Amazon. $6.84 for a Used copy.