I have few cookbooks which have to be verified only for Windows.Basically running the recipes and see
I am using opscode's hosted chef.
For doing this, which combination shall I use :
a) windows workstation(for uploading recipes to server), ubuntu chef client node.
b) windows workstation , windows chef client node.
I am actually very new to the chef.Please suggest me...
In your case for simply verifying Windows recipes/cookbooks work, I highly recommend using chef-solo. You don't need to set up an entire chef server to prove everything works (unless that requirement is being forced on you):
http://docs.opscode.com/chef_solo.html
Running is as simple as:
chef-solo -c C:/chef/solo.rb -j C:/chef/solo.json
Where solo.rb is your configuration file and solo.json contains your run list and attributes.
If you do need a chef server... it doesn't really matter if you run it on Windows or Linux, just choose whatever is going to be easiest for you. Regardless the client will need to be installed on your Windows workstation.
http://docs.opscode.com/install_workstation.html
http://docs.opscode.com/install_windows.html
Related
I am attempting to debug some C# / .NET 5 code in WSL 2 with Ubuntu on Windows. I have WSL 2 setup with Windows 10 and want to test out creating a Systemd service. Unfortunately, it appears Systemd is not enabled with WSL 2 by default, even though a standard Ubuntu install does have it enabled by default. Is there any way to get Systemd enabled in WSL 2?
Note: See footnote at bottom of this answer for background on this Community Wiki.
There are several possible paths to enabling Systemd on WSL2 (but not WSL1). These are summarized here, with more detail provided below.
Option 1: Upgrade WSL to the latest application release (if supported by your system) and opt-in to the Systemd feature
Option 2: Run a Systemd-helper script designed for WSL2
Option 3: Manually run Systemd in its own namespace
And while not part of this question, for those simply looking to run certain applications that require Systemd, there are alternatives:
On WSL1 and WSL2:
Alternative 1: SysVInit scripts (e.g. sudo service <service_name> start) where available
Alternative 2: Manually configuring and running the service
On WSL2-only:
Alternative 3: Docker
Should you enable Systemd in WSL?
First, consider whether you should or need to enable Systemd in WSL. Enabling Systemd will automatically start a number of background services and tasks that you really may not need under WSL. As a result, it will also increase WSL startup times, although the impact will be dependent on your system. Check the Alternatives section below to see if there may be a better option that fits your needs. For example, the service command may do what you need without any additional effort.
More detail on each answer:
Option 1: Upgrade WSL to the latest application release (if supported by your system) and opt-in to the Systemd feature
Microsoft has now integrated Systemd support in the WSL2 application release (as opposed to the older "Windows feature" implementation).
Starting with WSL Application Release 1.0.0, this feature is available on both Windows 10 and Windows 11. Windows 10 users do need to be on UBR (update build revision) 2311 or later. The UBR is the last 4 digits of your full Windows build number (e.g. 10.0.19045.2311 for Windows 10 22H2). 2311 is installed with KB5020030, an optional Preview update, although if you are reading this later, it will likely be a later (non-Preview) monthly servicing update.
If you are on a supported Windows release, the WSL application with Systemd support can be installed:
Through the Microsoft Store (as "Windows Subsystem for Linux").
Or from the Releases page in the Github repo. To install a release manually:
Reboot (to make sure that WSL is not in use at all). A simple wsl --shutdown may work, but often will not.
Download the 1.0.0 (or later) release from the link above.
Start an Administrator PowerShell and:
Add-AppxPackage <path.to>/Microsoft.WSL_1.0.0.0_x64_ARM64.msixbundle
wsl --version # to confirm
To enable, start your Ubuntu (or other Systemd) distribution under WSL (typically just wsl ~ will work).
sudo -e /etc/wsl.conf
Add the following:
[boot]
systemd=true
Exit Ubuntu and again:
wsl --shutdown
Then restart Ubuntu.
sudo systemctl status
... should show your Systemd services.
Option 2: Run a Systemd-helper script designed for WSL2
There are a number of Systemd-enablement scripts available from various sources. Given the complexities involved in running Systemd under WSL, it is recommended that you:
Use one that is actively maintained
Attempt to understand, as much as possible, how they operate, and how they may impact other features and applications in your distribution(s) under WSL
When asking questions here or on any other site, disclose in the question which script you are using so that others can attempt to understand and/or reproduce your issue in the proper context
Several of the more popular projects that enable Systemd under WSL2 are:
Genie: 1.8k stars, last commit September, 2022
Distrod: 1.4k stars, last commit July 2022
WSL2-Hacks: 1.1k stars, mostly instructional, with a supporting script example. Last commit January, 2022
At the core, all of them operate on the same principles covered in the next option ...
Option 3: Manually run Systemd in its own namespace
One of the main issues with running Systemd in earlier versions of WSL is that both inits need to be PID 1. To get around this, it is possible to create a new namespace or container where Systemd can run as PID 1.
To see how this is done (at a very basic level):
Run:
sudo -b unshare --pid --fork --mount-proc /lib/systemd/systemd --system-unit=basic.target
This starts Systemd in a new namespace with its own PID mapping. Inside that namespace, Systemd will be PID1 (as it must, to function) and own all other processes. However, the "real" PID mapping still exists outside that namespace.
Note that this is a "bare minimum" command-line for starting Systemd. It will not have support for, at least:
Windows Interop (the ability to run Windows .exe)
The Windows PATH (which isn't necessary without Windows Interop anyway)
WSLg
The scripts and projects listed above do extra work to get these things working as well.
Wait a few seconds for Systemd to start up, then:
sudo -E nsenter --all -t $(pgrep -xo systemd) runuser -P -l $USER -c "exec $SHELL"
This enters the namespace, and you can now use ps -efH to see that systemd is running as PID 1 in that namespace.
At this point, you should be able to run systemctl.
And after proving to yourself that it's possible, it is recommended that you exit all WSL instances completely, then doing wsl --shutdown. Otherwise, some things will be "broken" until you do. They can likely be "fixed", but that's beyond the scope this answer. If you are interested, please refer to the projects listed above to see how they handle these situations.
Alternative 1: SysVInit scripts (e.g. sudo service <service_name> start) where available
In Ubuntu, Debian, and some other distributions on WSL, many of the common system services still have the "old" init.d scripts available to be used in place of systemctl with Systemd units. You can see these by using ls /etc/init.d/.
So, for example, you can start ssh with sudo service ssh start, and it will run the /etc/init.d/ssh script with the start argument.
Even some non-default packages such as MySql/MariaDB will install both the Systemd unit files and the old init.d scripts, so you can still use the service command for them as well.
On the hand, some packages, like Elasticsearch, only install Systemd units. And some distributions only provide Systemd units for most (if not all) packages in their repositories.
Alternative 2: Manually configuring and running the service
For those services that don't have a init-script equivalent, it can be possible to run them "manually".
For simplicity, let's assume that the ssh init.d script wasn't available.
In this case, the "answer" is to figure out what the Systemd unit files are doing and attempt to replicate that manually. This can vary widely in complexity. But I'd start with looking at the Systemd unit file that you are trying to run:
less /lib/systemd/system/ssh.service
# Trimmed
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/default/ssh
ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/sshd -t
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/sshd -D $SSHD_OPTS
RuntimeDirectory=sshd
RuntimeDirectoryMode=0755
Some of the less relevant lines have been trimmed to make it easier to parse, but you can man systemd.exec, man systemd.service, and others to see what most of the options do.
In this case, when you sudo systemctl start ssh, it:
Reads environment variables (the $SSHD_OPTS) from /etc/default/ssh
Tests the config, exits if there is a failure
Makes sure the RuntimeDirectory exists with the specified permissions. This translates to /run/sshd (from man systemd.exec). This also removes the runtime directory when you stop the service.
Runs /usr/sbin/sshd with options
So, if you don't have any environment-based config, you could just set up a script to:
Make sure the runtime directory exists. Note that, since it is in /run, which is a tmpfs mount, it will be deleted after every restart of the WSL instance.
Set the permissions to 0755
Start /usr/sbin/sshd as root
... And you would have done the same thing manually without Systemd.
Again, this is probably the simplest example. You might have much more to work through for more complex tasks.
Alternative 3: Docker
Many packages/services are available as Docker images. Docker typically runs very well under Ubuntu on WSL2 (specifically WSL2; it will not run on WSL1). If there's not a SysVinit "service" script for the service you are trying to start, there may very well be a Docker image available that runs in a containerized environment.
Example: Elasticsearch, as in this question.
Bonus #1: Doesn't interfere with other packages already installed (no dependency issues).
Bonus #2: The Docker images themselves pretty much never use Systemd, so you can often inspect the Dockerfile to see how the service is started without Systemd. For more information see the next option - "The manual way."
Microsoft recommends Docker Desktop for Windows for running Docker containers under WSL2.
Footnote This answer is being posted as a Community Wiki because it can apply to multiple Stack Overflow questions. It is originally based on answers to this Ask Ubuntu question. However, it is hoped that this wiki-answer can be continuously updated by the community as Systemd evolves on WSL.
This question has been chosen since:
It appears to be the most canonical, straightforward, "How do I enable Systemd on WSL?" question.
It is on-topic, as *creating Systemd services is (or at least can-be) unique to programming.
I use my VS Code remote - SSH extension to jump between a lot my customers servers, and would actually like not install the VS Code server on every server that I use.
Is there a way not to install the VS Code server, when you use the Remote - SSH extension, or is there maybe even another extension I should use instead?
To fix this on your own (without using the script mentioned above), you could simply log into each of the linux. cs servers (using SSH), then the command pkill -u node , which will stop any running vscode-server processes
I fixed it but not using the official remote - SSH, but the extension SSH FS, which is a little more combersome as it can see you'r "normal" ssh config, but i works.
https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=Kelvin.vscode-sshfs
Is there any NPM package to install a PostgreSQL server locally?
I want to create a fully isolated and automatic test environment where the server could be installed via NPM, with some basic functions, such as:
set the server port
start the server
stop the server
set the default/admin user with password
Even if I can get the bare minimum that PostgreSQL server requires in order to run, it would be sufficient, as long as multi-instancing is possible, given different server ports.
Effectively, what I'm looking for is like what NVM is for installing and managing Node.js installations.
I am running Centos 7 x86-64. I installed a guest (again Centos 7) through kickstart as an exercise. I prepared my kickstart file, I validated it and I launched with virt-install.
If something went wrong with the network configuration (During install I got no problem, I created a local repo on Host FTP server as source for the install) how can I connect to the machine?
Only SSH or virsh foresee some other connection method?
How can I find my machine running network configuration from outside?
I am running a barebone Centos7 installation so only command line, no graphical interface at all.
Thanks,
M.
You can ssh to your physical host from another one having graphical interface with X forwarding enabled (ssh -X machinename), and look at the the VM with virt-manager
You will need X running on the machine you're connecting from. For Mac OS it's XQuartz
How to deploy a meteor application to my own server?
flavour 1: the development and deployment server are the same;
flavour 2: the development server is one (maybe my localhost) and the deployment server is another (maybe a VPS in the cloud);
flavour 3: I want to make a "meteor hosting" domain, just like "meteor.com". Is it possible? How?
Update:
I'm running Ubuntu and I don't want to "demeteorize" the application. Thank you.
Meteor documentation currently says:
"[...] you need to provide Node.js 0.8 and a MongoDB server. You can
then run the application by invoking node, specifying the HTTP port
for the application to listen on, and the MongoDB endpoint."
So, among the several ways to install Node.js, I got it up and running following the best advice I found, which is basically unpacking the latest version available directly in the official Node.JS website, already compiled for Linux (64 bits, in my case):
# Does NOT need to be root user:
# create directory
mkdir -p ~/.nodes && cd ~/.nodes
# download latest Node.js distribution
curl -O http://nodejs.org/dist/v0.10.13/node-v0.10.13-linux-x64.tar.gz
# unpack it
tar -xzf node-v0.10.13-linux-x64.tar.gz
# discard it
rm node-v0.10.13-linux-x64.tar.gz
# rename unpacked folder
mv node-v0.10.13-linux-x64 0.10.13
# create symlink
ln -s 0.10.13 current
# add path to PATH
export PATH="~/.nodes/current/bin:$PATH"
# check
node --version
npm --version
And to install MongoDB, I simply followed the instructions in the MongoDB manual available in the Documentation section of its official website:
# Needs to be root user (apply "sudo" if not at root shell)
apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv 7F0CEB10
echo 'deb http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org/repo/ubuntu-upstart dist 10gen' | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/10gen.list
apt-get update
apt-get install mongodb-10gen
The server is ready to run Meteor applications! For deployment, the main "issue" is where the "bundle" operation happens. We need to run meteor bundle command from inside the application source files tree. For example:
cd ~/leaderboard
meteor bundle leaderboard.tar.gz
If the deployment will happen in another server (flavour 2), we need to upload the bundle tar.gz file to it, using sftp, ftp, or any other file transfer method. Once the file is there, we follow both Meteor documentation and the README file which is magically included in the root of the bundle tree:
# unpack the bundle
tar -xvzf leaderboard.tar.gz
# discard tar.gz file
rm leaderboard.tar.gz
# rebuild native packages
pushd bundle/programs/server/node_modules
rm -r fibers
npm install fibers#1.0.1
popd
# setup environment variables
export MONGO_URL='mongodb://localhost'
export ROOT_URL='http://example.com'
export PORT=3000
# start the server
node main.js
If the deployment will be in the same server (flavour 1), the bundle tar.gz file is already there, and we don't need to recompile the native packages. (Just jump the corresponding section above.)
Cool! With these steps, I've got the "Leaderboard" example deployed to my custom server, not "meteor.com"... (only to learn and value their services!)
I still have to make it run on port 80 (I plan to use NginX for this), persist environment variables, start Node.JS dettached from terminal, et cetera... I am aware this setup in a "barely naked" one... just the base, the first step, basic foundation stones.
The application has been "manually" deployed, without taking advantage of all meteor deploy command magic features... I've seen people published their "meteor.sh" and "meteoric.sh" and I am following the same path... create a script to emulate the "single command deploy" feature... aware that in the near future all this stuff will be part of the pioneer Meteor explorers only, as it will grow into a whole Galaxy! and most of these issues will be an archaic thing of the past.
Anyway, I am very happy to see how fast the deployed application runs in the cheapest VPS ever, with a surprisingly low latency and almost instant simultaneous updates in several distinct browsers. Fantastic!
Thank you!!!
Try Meteor Up too
With that you can deploy into any Ubuntu server. This uses meteor build command internally. And used by many for deploying production apps.
I created Meteor Up to allow developers to deploy production quality Meteor apps until Galaxy comes.
I would recommend flavor two with a separate deployment server. Separation of concerns leads to a more stable environment for your code and its easier to debug.
To do it, there's the excellent Meteoric bash script that helps you deploy to Amazon's EC2 or your own server.
As for how to roll your own meteor.com, I suggest you break that out into it's own StackOverflow question as it's not related. Plus, I can't answer it :)
I done with it few days ago. I deployed my Meteor application to my own server on the DigitalOcean. I used Meteor Up tool for managing deploys and Nginx on the server to serve the app.
It's very simple to use. You should install meteor up with the command:
npm install -g mup
Then create the folder for deployment configuration and go to the created directory. Then run mup init command. It will created two configuration files. We are have interest for mup.json file. It have configurations for deployment process. It's looks like this:
{
// Server authentication info
"servers": [
{
"host": "hostname",
"username": "root",
"password": "password",
// or pem file (ssh based authentication)
//"pem": "~/.ssh/id_rsa",
// Also, for non-standard ssh port use this
//"sshOptions": { "port" : 49154 },
// server specific environment variables
"env": {}
}
],
// Install MongoDB on the server. Does not destroy the local MongoDB on future setups
"setupMongo": true,
// WARNING: Node.js is required! Only skip if you already have Node.js installed on server.
"setupNode": true,
// WARNING: nodeVersion defaults to 0.10.36 if omitted. Do not use v, just the version number.
"nodeVersion": "0.10.36",
// Install PhantomJS on the server
"setupPhantom": true,
// Show a progress bar during the upload of the bundle to the server.
// Might cause an error in some rare cases if set to true, for instance in Shippable CI
"enableUploadProgressBar": true,
// Application name (no spaces).
"appName": "meteor",
// Location of app (local directory). This can reference '~' as the users home directory.
// i.e., "app": "~/Meteor/my-app",
// This is the same as the line below.
"app": "/Users/arunoda/Meteor/my-app",
// Configure environment
// ROOT_URL must be set to https://YOURDOMAIN.com when using the spiderable package & force SSL
// your NGINX proxy or Cloudflare. When using just Meteor on SSL without spiderable this is not necessary
"env": {
"PORT": 80,
"ROOT_URL": "http://myapp.com",
"MONGO_URL": "mongodb://arunoda:fd8dsjsfh7#hanso.mongohq.com:10023/MyApp",
"MAIL_URL": "smtp://postmaster%40myapp.mailgun.org:adj87sjhd7s#smtp.mailgun.org:587/"
},
// Meteor Up checks if the app comes online just after the deployment.
// Before mup checks that, it will wait for the number of seconds configured below.
"deployCheckWaitTime": 15
}
After you fill all data fields you can start the setup process with command mup setup. It will setup your server.
After sucessfull setup you can deploy your app. Just type mup deploy in the console.
Another alternative is to just develop on your own server to start with.
I just created a Digital Ocean box and then connected my Cloud9 IDE account.
Now, I can develop right on the machine in a Cloud IDE and deployment is easy--just copying files.
I created a tutorial that shows exactly how my set up works.
I had a lot of trouble with meteor up, so I decided writing my own deploy script. I also added additional info how to set up nginx or mongodb. Hope it helps!
See /sh folder in repository
What the script meteor-deploy.sh does:
Select environment (./meteor-deploy.sh for staging, ./meteor-deploy.sh prod for production)
Build and bundle production version of the meteor app
Copy bundle to server
SSH into server
Do a mongodump to backup database
Stop the running app
Unpack bundle
Overwrite app files
Re-install app node package dependencies
Start the app (uses forever)
Tested for the following server configurations:
Ubuntu 14.04.4 LTS
meteor --version 1.3.2.4
node --version v0.10.41
npm --version 3.10.3