I've a text file which has equal symbol as shown below many times the start of the line. How can i extract such a line. I"ve tried the below code, but its not working. ANy clues as to why its not matching?
Text file line:
[==========] 10 tests from 4 test cases ran. (43950 ms total)
Code:
if (/^\Q[==========]\E/ .. /^\Qran\)\E/) {
print "$i.Match Found:".$_."\n";
$i++;
}
Try this, have not tested, but should work. I HAVE tested the regex and it works.
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
open (somefile, 'data.txt');
while(<somefile>) {
chomp;
if ( $_ =~ m/^\[==========\]/ ) {
print "Match found: ";
}
}
close (somefile);
For clarification purposes; chomp removes new lines from end of the line, and is not essential in this case.
#!/usr/bin/perl
# your code goes here
use strict;
use warnings;
while(chomp(my $line = <DATA>)) {
if ( $line =~ m$^\[=.*?]$ ){
print "Line which starts with [==] is $line\n";
}
}
__DATA__
[==========] 10 tests from 4 test cases ran. (43950 ms total)
A line without the equal signs at the beginning
[==========] 4 tests from 2 test cases ran. (30950 ms total)
[===]A line with equal signs at beginning.
Demo
You're using the flip-flop operator which will match lines starting from the first regex and ending at the second one (or the end of the data). From the regex you're using, I don't think this is your intention.
To match a line starting with [==========] and extract everything up to the word ran you need to use a capture group:
if (/^\Q[==========]\E(.*?ran)/) {
print "$. Match Found: $1\n";
}
The brackets match any character up to and including ran then place them in the special $1 variable. Note also the use of $., the current line number, to save you keeping count with $i.
If you wanted to extract just the numbers you could use:
if (/^\Q[==========]\E (\d+) tests from (\d+) test cases ran/) {
print "$. Match Found: $1 $2\n";
}
Related
I have a uniprot document with a protein sequence as well as some metadata. I need to use perl to match the sequence and print it out but for some reason the last line always comes out two times. The code I wrote is here
#!usr/bin/perl
open (IN,'P30988.txt');
while (<IN>) {
if($_=~m /^\s+(\D+)/) { #this is the pattern I used to match the sequence in the document
$seq=$1;
$seq=~s/\s//g;} #removing the spaces from the sequence
print $seq;
}
I instead tried $seq.=$1; but it printed out the sequence 4.5 times. Im sure i have made a mistake here but not sure what. Here is the input file https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P30988.txt
Here is your code reformatted and extra whitespace added between operators to make it clearer what scope the statements are running in.
#!usr/bin/perl
open (IN,'P30988.txt');
while (<IN>) {
if ($_ =~ m /^\s+(\D+)/) {
$seq = $1;
$seq =~ s/\s//g;
}
print $seq;
}
The placement of the print command means that $seq will be printed for every line from the input file -- even those that don't match the regex.
I suspect you want this
#!usr/bin/perl
open (IN,'P30988.txt');
while (<IN>) {
if ($_ =~ m /^\s+(\D+)/) {
$seq = $1;
$seq =~ s/\s//g;
# only print $seq for lines that match with /^\s+(\D+)/
# Also - added a newline to make it easier to debug
print $seq . "\n";
}
}
When I run that I get this
MRFTFTSRCLALFLLLNHPTPILPAFSNQTYPTIEPKPFLYVVGRKKMMDAQYKCYDRMQ
QLPAYQGEGPYCNRTWDGWLCWDDTPAGVLSYQFCPDYFPDFDPSEKVTKYCDEKGVWFK
HPENNRTWSNYTMCNAFTPEKLKNAYVLYYLAIVGHSLSIFTLVISLGIFVFFRSLGCQR
VTLHKNMFLTYILNSMIIIIHLVEVVPNGELVRRDPVSCKILHFFHQYMMACNYFWMLCE
GIYLHTLIVVAVFTEKQRLRWYYLLGWGFPLVPTTIHAITRAVYFNDNCWLSVETHLLYI
IHGPVMAALVVNFFFLLNIVRVLVTKMRETHEAESHMYLKAVKATMILVPLLGIQFVVFP
WRPSNKMLGKIYDYVMHSLIHFQGFFVATIYCFCNNEVQTTVKRQWAQFKIQWNQRWGRR
PSNRSARAAAAAAEAGDIPIYICHQELRNEPANNQGEESAEIIPLNIIEQESSA
You can simplify this a bit:
while (<IN>) {
next unless m/^\s/;
s/\s+//g;
print;
}
You want the lines that begin with whitespace, so immediately skip those that don't. Said another way, quickly reject things you don't want, which is different than accepting things you do want. This means that everything after the next knows it's dealing with a good line. Now the if disappears.
You don't need to get a capture ($1) to get the interesting text because the only other text in the line is the leading whitespace. That leading whitespace disappears when you remove all the whitespace. This gets rid of the if and the extra variable.
Finally, print what's left. Without an argument, print uses the value in the topic variable $_.
Now that's much more manageable. You escape that scoping issue with if causing the extra output because there's no scope to worry about.
I have a requirement of replacing a single space with multiple spaces so that the second field always starts at a particular position (here 36 is the position of second field always).
I have a perl script written for this:
while(<INP>)
{
my $md=35-index($_," ");
my $str;
$str.=" " for(1..$md);
$_=~s/ +/$str/;
print "$_" ;
}
Is there any better approach with just using the regex in =~s/// so that I can use it on CLI directly instead of script.
Assuming that the fields in your data are demarcated by spaces
while (<$fh>) {
my ($first, #rest) = split;
printf "%-35s #rest\n", $first;
}
The first field is now going to be 36 wide, aligned left due to - in the format of printf. See sprintf for the many details. The rest is printed with single spaces between the original space-separated fields, but can instead be done as desired (tab separated, fixed width...).
Or you can leave the "rest" after the first field untouched by splitting the line into two parts
while (<$fh>) {
my ($first, $rest) = /(\S+)\s+(.*)/;
printf "%-35s $rest\n", $first;
}
(or use split ' ', $_, 2 instead of regex)
Please give more detail if there are other requirements.
One approach is to use plain ol' Perl formats:
#!/usr/bin/perl
use warnings;
use strict;
my($first, $second, $remainder);
format STDOUT =
#<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< #<<<<<< #<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
$first, $second,$remainder
.
while (<DATA>) {
($first, $second, $remainder) = split(/\s+/, $_, 3);
write;
}
exit 0;
__DATA__
ABCD TEST EFGH don't touch
FOO BAR FUD don't touch
Test output. I probably miscounted the columns, but you should get the idea:
$ perl dummy.pl
ABCD TEST EFGH don't touch
FOO BAR FUD don't touch
Other option would be Text::Table
I have been trying to read a file called "perlthisfile.txt" which is basically the output of nmap on my computer.
I want to get only the ip addresses printed out, so i wrote the following code but it is not working:
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use Scalar::Util qw(looks_like_number);
print"\n running \n";
open (MYFILE, 'perlthisfile.txt') or die "Cannot open file\n";
while(<MYFILE>) {
chomp;
my #value = split(' ', <MYFILE>);
print"\n before foreach \n";
foreach my $val (#value) {
if (looks_like_number($val)) {
print "\n looks like number block \n";
if ($val == /(\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\:\d{1,5})/) {
print "\n$val\n";
}
}
}
}
close(MYFILE);
exit 0;
And when i ran this code the output was:
running
before foreach
before foreach
looks like number block
before foreach
looks like number block
before foreach
looks like number block
My perlthisfile.txt:
Starting Nmap 6.00 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2013-10-16 22:59 EST
Nmap scan report for BoB2.iiNet (10.1.1.1)
Nmap scan report for android-fbff3c3812154cdc (10.1.1.3)
All 1000 scanned ports on android-fbff3c3812154cdc (10.1.1.3) are closed
Nmap scan report for 10.1.1.5
All 1000 scanned ports on 10.1.1.5 are open|filtered
Nmap scan report for 10.1.1.6
All 1000 scanned ports on 10.1.1.6 are closed
Several issues here. As #toolic said, calling <MYFILE> inside the split is probably not what you want - it will read the next record from the file, use $_ instead.
Also, you are using == with a regex, you should use the binding operator, =~ (== is only used for numeric comparisons in Perl):
if ($val =~ /(\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\:\d{1,5})/){
I suggest that looks_like_number is redundant if the regex works. I suspect that you are using it because == gives something like isn't numeric in numeric eq (==) depending on the version of perl you are using.
You had a few errors, one of which is regex which should have optional part for port number (: and following \d{1,5})
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
open (my $MYFILE, '<', 'perlthisfile.txt') or die $!;
my $looks_like_ip = qr/( \d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3} (?: : \d{1,5})? )/x;
while (<$MYFILE>) {
chomp;
my #value = split;
print"\n before foreach \n";
foreach my $val (#value) {
if (my ($match) = $val =~ /$looks_like_ip/){
print "\n$match\n";
}
# else { print "$val doesn't contain IP\n" }
}
}
close($MYFILE) or warn $!;
If this is what it looks to be, which is a quick hack to extract IPs, you might get away with something simple such as:
perl -nlwe '/((?:\d+\.)+\d+)/ && print $1' perlthisfile.txt
Which is to say, not a very strict regex by any means, it just matches numbers joined by periods. If you'd like to only print unique IPs, you can make use of a hash to dedupe:
perl -nlwe '/((?:\d+\.)+\d+)/ && !$seen{$1}++ && print $1" perlthisfile.txt
With a slightly tighter regex that also matches port numbers:
perl -nlwe '/((?:\d+[\.:]){3,4}\d+)/ && print $1' perlthisfile.txt
This will disallow shorter chains of numbers, and allow for a port number.
This last regex explained:
/( # opening parenthesis, starts a string capture
(?: # a non-capturing parenthesis
\d+ # match a number, repeated one or more times
[\.:] # [ ... ] is a character class, it matches one of the literal
# characters inside it, and only one time
){3,4} # closing the non-capturing parenthesis, adding a quantifier
# that says this parenthesis can match 3 or 4 times
\d+ # match one or more numbers
)/x # close capturing parenthesis (added `/x` switch)
The /x switch is just so that you can use the above regex as-is, with comments and whitespace.
The logic behind this is simply: We want a string consisting of a number followed by a period or a colon. We want this string 3 or 4 times. End with another number.
The + and {3,4} are quantifiers, they dictate how many times the item to the left of it is supposed to match. By default, every item matches one time, but by using a quantifier you can change that. + is shorthand for {1,}, and you also have:
? -> {1,0}
* -> {0,}
The syntax is {min,max}, and when a number is missing, that means as many times as possible.
I'm trying to take a file INPUT and, if a line in that file contains a string, replace the line with something else (the entire line, including line breaks), or nothing at all (remove the line like it wasn't there). Writing all this to a new file .
Here's that section of code...
while(<INPUT>){
if ($_ =~ / <openTag>/){
chomp;
print OUTPUT "Some_Replacement_String";
} elsif ($_ =~ / <\/closeTag>/) {
chomp;
print OUTPUT ""; #remove the line
} else {
chomp;
print OUTPUT "$_\r\n"; #print the original line
}
}
while(<INPUT>) should read one line at a time (if my understanding is correct) and store each line in the special variable $_
However, when I run the above code I get only the very first if statement condition returned Some_Replacement_String, and only once. (1 line, out of a file with 1.3m, and expecting 600,000 replacements). This obviously isn't the behavior I expect. If I do something like while(<INPUT>){print OUTPUT $_;) I get a copy of the entire file, every line, so I know the entire file is being read (expected behavior).
What I'm trying to do is get a line, test it, do something with it, and move on to the next one.
If it helps with troubleshooting at all, if I use print $.; anywhere in that while statement (or after it), I get 1 returned. I expected this to be the "Current line number for the last filehandle accessed.". So by the time my while statement loops through the entire file, it should be equal to the number of lines in the file, not 1.
I've tried a few other variations of this code, but I think this is the closest I've come. I assume there's a good reason I'm not getting the behavior I expect, can anyone tell me what it is?
The problem you are describing indicates that your input file only contains one line. This may be because of a great many different things, such as:
You have changed the input record separator $/
Your input file does not contain the correct line endings
You are running your script with -0777 switch
Some notes on your code:
if ($_ =~ / <openTag>/){
chomp;
print OUTPUT "Some_Replacement_String";
No need to chomp a line you are not using.
} elsif ($_ =~ / <\/closeTag>/) {
chomp;
print OUTPUT "";
This is quite redundant. You don't need to print an empty string (ever, really), and chomp a value you're not using.
} else {
chomp;
print OUTPUT "$_\r\n"; #print the original line
No need to remove newlines and then put them back. Also, normally you would use \n as your line ending, even on windows.
And, since you are chomping in every if-else clause, you might as well move that outside the entire if-block.
chomp;
if (....) {
But since you are never relying on line endings not being there, why bother using chomp at all?
When using the $_ variable, you can abbreviate some commands, such as you are doing with chomp. For example, a lone regex will be applied to $_:
} elsif (/ <\/closeTag>/) { # works splendidly
When, like above, you have a regex that contains slashes, you can choose another delimiter for your regex, so that you do not need to escape the slashes:
} elsif (m# </closeTag>#) {
But then you need to use the full notation of the m// operator, with the m in front.
So, in short
while(<INPUT>){
if (/ <openTag>/){
print OUTPUT "Some_Replacement_String";
} elsif (m# </closeTag>#) {
# do nothing
} else {
print OUTPUT $_; # print the original line
}
}
And of course, the last two can be combined into one, with some negation logic:
} elsif (not m# </closeTag>#) {
print OUTPUT $_;
}
I'm using \D to not display digits but why the digits are being displayed using perl regular expressions?
Here's the content of the text2.tx file
1. Hello Brue this is a test.
2. Hello Lisa this is a test.
This is a test 1.
This is a test 2.
Here is the perl program.
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
open READFILE,"<", "test2.txt" or die "Unable to open file";
while(<READFILE>)
{
if(/\D/)
{
print;
}
}
/\D/ just checks that the line has at least one non-digit character (including the newline...). Can you explain what you wanted to check? What output you were expecting?
If you want to only print lines that don't have a digit, you want to do:
if ( ! /\d/ )
(does the line not have a digit), not
if ( /\D/ )
(does the line have a non-digit).
Lets take a look at what is going on behind the scenes. Your while loop is equivalent to:
while(defined($_ = <READFILE>))
{
if($_ =~ /\D/)
{
print $_;
}
}
So, you are checking if the line contains a non-digit character (which it does) and then printing that line.
If you want to print Hello Brue this is a test. instead of 1. Hello Brue this is a test., then you would have to use something like:
while(<READFILE>) {
s/^\d+\. //;
print;
}
Also, it would make for more readable code if you used a variable rather than $_.
What you want is to reject lines that have a digit rather than match lines that have a non-digit (as you're doing)
while (<READFILE>) {
print unless /\d/;
}
This will print each line unless it has a digit on it.