I am trying to use Code First with Migrations. Even though there are no current changes to my model, I'm getting an exception. When I add a migration, the up and down are empty, but I get a runtime error with the message as follows:
An exception of type 'System.InvalidOperationException' occurred in
EntityFramework.dll but was not handled in user code
Additional information: The model backing the 'MyDataContext' context
has changed since the database was created. Consider using Code First
Migrations to update the database (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?
My architecture is as follows:
DataAccess project that includes the context, fluid configurations and migrations code
Model project that contains the poco classes
Web API and MVC projects that each contain the connections string in their respective web.config files.
Additionally I have the following code:
DbInitializer
public static MyDataContext Create()
{
Database.SetInitializer(new MigrateDatabaseToLatestVersion<MyDataAccess.MyDataContext, MyDataAccess.Migrations.Configuration>());
return new MyDataContext(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["MyDataContext"].ConnectionString, null);
}
I started with AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = false; in the migration Configuration constructor, as it was my understanding that this would allow (and require) me to have more control over when migrations were applied. I have also tried setting this to true but with the same result.
I added a new migration upon receiving this error, and the Up method was empty. I updated the database to this new migration, and a record was created in the _migrationHistory table, but I still receive the error when I attempt to run the application. Also, the seed data was not added to the database.
protected override void Seed(MyDataAccess.MyDataContext context)
{
IdentityResult ir;
var appDbContext = new ApplicationDbContext();
var roleManager = new RoleManager<IdentityRole>(new RoleStore<IdentityRole>(appDbContext));
ir = roleManager.Create(new IdentityRole("Admin"));
ir = roleManager.Create(new IdentityRole("Active"));
ir = roleManager.Create(new IdentityRole("InActive"));
var userNamager = new UserManager<User>(new UserStore<User>(appDbContext));
// assign default admin
var admin = new User { UserName = "administrator", Email = "myAdmin#gmail.com" };
ir = userNamager.Create(admin, "myp#55word");
ir = userNamager.AddToRole(admin.Id, "Admin");
}
where
public class ApplicationDbContext : IdentityDbContext<User>
{
public ApplicationDbContext()
: base("MyDataContext", throwIfV1Schema: false)
{
}
...
The question: If Add-Migration isn't seeing any change in the model, why do I get this error when I run? Why isn't the seed code being hit? How do I fix this, or if that can't be determined, how do I further determine the root cause?
I am not sure if you found the answer to your problem, but this other answer I found here actually did it for me:
Entity Framework model change error
I actually ended up deleting the __MigrationHistory table in SQL Server which I didn't know it was being created automatically.
The article also talks about the option to not generate it I think by using this instruction: Database.SetInitializer<MyDbContext>(null); but I have not used it, so I am not sure if it works like that
This worked for me.
Go to Package Manager Console and Run - Update-Database -force
I bet your data context is not hooking up the connection string.
Check if it's not initialized with a localdb (something like (localdb)\v11.0) and not working with that when you might think it's set to something else.
My issue ended up being a conflict between Automatic Migrations being enabled and the initializer MigrateDatabaseToLatestVersion as described here.
Related
I am developing window application in which DB schema can be different between each release (update view, add/remove column). Therefore I am looking for way to let EF update schema when application start up in client machine. I read some article but they point to package manager command Add-Migration, Update-Database which I can not use in my case.
I used repository pattern so when I tried Database.SetInitializer<C>(new MigrateDatabaseToLatestVersion<C, Configuration<C>>());
I got Unable to update database to match the current model because there are pending changes and automatic migration is disabled. Either write the pending model changes to a code-based migration or enable automatic migration. Set DbMigrationsConfiguration.AutomaticMigrationsEnabled to true to enable automatic migration. exception
But when I set AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = true;I got another error: Table 'TableName' already exists.
I found a workaround, create an extension method
public static void RunMigration(this DbContext context, DbMigration migration)
{
var prop = migration.GetType().GetProperty("Operations", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance);
if (prop != null)
{
IEnumerable<MigrationOperation> operations = prop.GetValue(migration) as IEnumerable<MigrationOperation>;
var generator = new SqlServerMigrationSqlGenerator();
var statements = generator.Generate(operations, "2008");
foreach (MigrationStatement item in statements)
context.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand(item.Sql);
}
}
And then create class MyMigration which inherit DbMigration like normal migration, and when application start, I will check and force it to run like below:
var myMigration = new MyMigration();
myMigration.Up();
this.RunMigration(myMigration);
I have an EF6 project that is supposed to create its own database. So in the constructor of the database context, I set the Initializer
Database.SetInitializer<AudmDatabaseContext>(new AudmDatabaseInitializer());
AudmDatabaseInitializer is a class of type System.Data.Entity.CreateDatabaseIfNotExists that implements my seed method to fill some default data after creation.
I found that if I open a new context and try accessing some data, the DB would automatically be created, so my program can be started with a special parameter that creates a new db. That parameter triggers this bit of code
using (var db = new AudmDatabaseLib.Model.AudmDatabaseContext())
{
if (!db.Database.Exists())
{
bool created = db.Database.CreateIfNotExists();
}
}
And here's the weird thing: this works perfectly as long as my project contains no migrations. If there's any migrations present, the migrations start to be executed.. and of course they fail because there's no database. If I remove the migration .cs files (Configuration.cs can be left.. it seems to have no impact), then things work as expected, and then upon the first regular normal run, the migrations are performed.
It seems that in case there are migrations, those come first.. even though I see that db.Database.CreateIfNotExists is being executed, so I know it knows the DB isn't there and executing migrations make no sense.
Here's my migration config btw
public Configuration()
{
AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = true;
ContextKey = "AudmDatabaseLib.AudmDatabaseContext";
AutomaticMigrationDataLossAllowed = true;
}
How can I ensure that the DB creation runs prior to the automatic migrations? Or is there a way to temporarily disable automatic migrations before I call CreateIfNotExists?
I have a weird problem with Entity Framework code first migrations. I've been using EF and code first migrations on a project for months now and things are working fine. I recently created a new migration and when running Update-Database a restored backup of my database I get this error:
The model backing the context has changed since the database was
created. Consider using Code First Migrations to update the database
The migration does something like the following:
public override void Up()
{
using (SomeDbContext ctx = new SomeDbContext())
{
//loop through table and update rows
foreach (SomeTable table in ctx.SomeTables)
table.SomeField = DoSomeCalculation(table.SomeField);
ctx.SaveChanges();
}
}
I'm not using the Sql() function because DoSomeCalculation must be done in C# code.
Usually when I get something like this is means that I have updated my model somehow and forgot to create a migration. However that's not the case this time. The weird thing is that the error isn't even occurring on a migration that I created a few days ago and had been working fine.
I looked a quite a few articles about this and they all seems to say call
Database.SetInitializer<MyContext>(null);
Doing that does seem to work, but my understanding (based on this article) is that doing that will remove EF's ability to determine when the database and model are out of sync. I don't want to do that. I just want to know why it thinks they are out of sync all of a sudden.
I also tried running Add-Migration just to see if what it thought changed about the model but it won't let me do that stating that I have pending migrations to run. Nice catch 22, Microsoft.
Any guesses as to what's going on here?
I'm wondering if maybe the fact that migration listed above is using EntityFramework is the problem. Seems like maybe since it's not the latest migration anymore, when EF gets to it tries to create a SomeDbContext object it checks the database (which is not fully up to date yet since we're in the middle of running migrations) against my current code model and then throws the "context has changed" error.
It's possibly related to your using EF within the migration. I'm not sure how you're actually managing this, unless you've set a null database initialiser.
If you need to update data within a migration, use the Sql function, e.g.
Sql("UPDATE SomeTable SET SomeField = 'Blah'");
You should note that the Up() method is not actually running at the time of doing the migration, it's simply used to set up the migration which is then run later. So although you may think you've done something in the migration above the bit where you're using EF, in reality that won't have actually run yet.
If you cannot refactor your calculation code so it can be written in SQL, then you would need to use some mechanism other than migrations to run this change. One possibility would be to use the Seed method in your configuration, but you would need to be aware that this does not keep track of whether the change has been run or not. For example...
internal sealed class Configuration : DbMigrationsConfiguration<MyContext>
{
public Configuration()
{
AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = false;
}
protected override void Seed(MyContext context)
{
// Code here runs any time ANY migration is performed...
}
}
I tried replacing the EntityFramework code with regular ADO.NET code and it seems to work. Here is what it looks like:
public override void Up()
{
Dictionary<long, string> idToNewVal = new Dictionary<long, string>();
using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection("..."))
{
conn.Open();
using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("SELECT SomeID, SomeField FROM SomeTable", conn))
{
SqlDataReader reader = cmd.ExecuteReader();
//loop through all fields, calculating the new value and storing it with the row ID
while (reader.Read())
{
long id = Convert.ToInt64(reader["SomeID"]);
string initialValue = Convert.ToString(reader["SomeField"]);
idToNewVal[id] = DoSomeCalculation(initialValue);
}
}
}
//update each row with the new value
foreach (long id in idToNewVal.Keys)
{
string newVal = idToNewVal[id];
Sql(string.Format("UPDATE SomeTable SET SomeField = '{0}' WHERE SomeID = {1}", newVal, id));
}
}
I recently upgraded from EF6 alpha 1-3 to EF6 beta 1. This meant that I had to recreate all the migrations created using the alpha version.
So I tried to roll back to a migration created using EF5. But I hit the error Introducing FOREIGN KEY constraint on table may cause cycles or multiple cascade paths. I figure this is because I had neglected to fix Down migrations when I was fixing Up migrations for exactly the same problem. (Should have read this before)
Anyway, rather than try to fix it all up I am trying to reset all the migrations - as described here. I deleted my migrations table in the database and all migration .cs files, then in package manager Enable-Migrations -EnableAutomaticMigrations -Force and Add-Migration Initial
When I tried to run my application with my existing database initialiser (which has automatic migrations false) it failed because it tried to create tables that were already there. So I changed my initialiser to Database.SetInitializer(new DropCreateDatabaseAlways<MyContext>())
This time I got the Introducing FOREIGN KEY constraint on table may cause cycles or multiple cascade paths problem again during initialisation
So I changed ALL the cascadeDelete: true to cascadeDelete: false in the migration file
But I still get the same error!
Update 1 I removed all but the creation of 1 table in the migration file but I got the same error. There must be some kind of cache somewhere or it's picking up a file I don't know about or it's generating its own migration in the background
Update 2 I figured that when using DropCreateDatabaseAlways that EF must always generate the migrations and also that changing cascadeDelete to false in the migration file is the wrong place to do it. It should be done in the FluentAPI. So I added this line modelBuilder.Conventions.Remove<OneToManyCascadeDeleteConvention>(); to onmodelcreating. And I also deleted the Initial migration file. Then I ran the application and it correctly generated a database. I thought I'd cracked it but....
I changed initialisation to use my original configuration file:
internal sealed class Configuration : DbMigrationsConfiguration<SID2013Context>
{
public Configuration()
{
AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = false;
AutomaticMigrationDataLossAllowed = true;
}
protected override void Seed(etc..
}
Then I ran the application and it reported that the model had changed. So I did Add-Migration Update-Database and a migration file to create the database was created.
The problem now is that when I run the application it tries to run another update (even though AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = false). I get the "There is already an object named 'xxx' in the database" problem again. There is an entry in the migrations table that does not match the name of the configuration file.
If you would like to start work "code first migration" using an existing database, you can do the following:
I run the add-migration "InitialMigrations".
It explores the existing database and make it a migration step.
temporarily delete the contents of the "InitialMigrations" step:
public partial class InitialMigrations : DbMigration {
public override void Up()
{
//...
//...
}
public override void Down()
{
//...
//...
}
}
I run the update-database
This creates the appropriate entries in the table __MigrationHistory.
Restores the contents of the "InitialMigration" Go to work properly on an empty database.
That's it.
update: initializer
As I understand it, the 'DropCreateDatabaseAlways' always delete and create the database. This can only be used for the very first installation. If you have a working installation launchpad, you erase all data. That is why I hazardous.
I based on this article: coding.abel.nu/2012/03/… my own Initializer I'm using. I'll write.
The seed is definitely executed, so this method yields the same result, but it works even if you do not run installation, but run upgrade.
public partial class MyEntities : DbContext
{
static MyEntities()
{
Database.SetInitializer<MyEntities>(new ValidateDatabase<MyEntities>());
}
}
/// <summary>
/// http://coding.abel.nu/2012/03/prevent-ef-migrations-from-creating-or-changing-the-database/
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="TContext"></typeparam>
public class ValidateDatabase<TContext> : IDatabaseInitializer<TContext>
where TContext : DbContext
{
public void InitializeDatabase(TContext context)
{
if (!context.Database.Exists())
{
throw new ConfigurationErrorsException(
"Database does not exist");
}
else
{
if (!context.Database.CompatibleWithModel(true))
{
//from:
//http://stackoverflow.com/questions/11611322/ef-4-3-code-first-migrations-seed-per-migration
var cfg = new Migrations.Configuration();
var migrator = new DbMigrator(cfg);
///Last in the db, (first, the reverse order)
var dbLast = migrator.GetDatabaseMigrations().FirstOrDefault();
///last in the app
var appLast = migrator.GetLocalMigrations().LastOrDefault();
///what is missing
var pendings = string.Join(", ", migrator.GetPendingMigrations());
throw new InvalidOperationException(
string.Format("The database ({0}) is not compatible with the entity model ({1}). Pending migrations: {2}",
dbLast, appLast, pendings));
}
}
}
}
update: setup
Installation I'm using something like this:
http://coding.abel.nu/2012/04/update-database-msi-custom-action/
I finally fixed this by dropping the database manually then running the application with the original MigrateDatabaseToLatestVersion initializer. I had not realised that this would create the database if it did not exist and there was no need to use a DropCreateDatabaseAlways initializer then change to MigrateDatabaseToLatestVersion
Trying to do some unit testing with EF 4.1 code first. I have my live db (SQL Server) and my unit test DB( Sql CE). After fighting (and losing) with EF, Sql CE 4.0 and Transaction support I decided the simplest way to run my test was to:
Create Db
Run Test
Delete Db
Rinse and repeat
I have my [Setup] and [TearDown] functions:
[SetUp]
public void Init()
{
System.Data.Entity.Database.SetInitializer(new MyTestContextInitializer());
_dbContext = ContainerFactory.Container.GetInstance<IContext>();
_testConnection = _dbContext.ConnectionString;
}
[TearDown]
public void Cleanup()
{
_dbContext.Dispose();
System.Data.Entity.Database.Delete(_testConnection);
}
Issue is that System.Data.Entity.Database.SetInitializer does not call MyTestContextInitializer after the first test.
Hence the 2nd test then fails with:
System.Data.EntityException : The
underlying provider failed on Open.
----> System.Data.SqlServerCe.SqlCeException
: The database file cannot be found.
Check the path to the database
TIA for any pointers
I got around this by calling 'InitializeDatabase' manually. Like so:
[SetUp]
public void Init()
{
var initializer = new MyTestContextInitializer();
System.Data.Entity.Database.SetInitializer(initializer);
_dbContext = ContainerFactory.Container.GetInstance<IContext>();
initializer.InitializeDatabase((MyTestContext)_dbContext);
_testConnection = _dbContext.ConnectionString;
}
[TearDown]
public void Cleanup()
{
System.Data.Entity.Database.Delete(_testConnection);
_dbContext.Dispose();
}
I think it may be a bug with EF 4.1 RC.
It's not a bug, the initializer set with
System.Data.Entity.Database.SetInitializer
is only called when the context is created for the first time in the AppDomain. Hence, since you're running all your tests in a single AppDomain, it's only called when the first test is ran.
It took me almost a day to find out what caused my strange unittest behaviour: the database connection stayed open or the database was not created with a every new test. I searched everywhere for the root of the cause: MSTest (no Admin rights or where working copies of files somehow deleted?), SQL Server Express/CE (login failure?), Unity (objects not disposed?) or Entity Framework (no proper database initialization?). It turned out to be EF. Thanks a lot for the answer!