I'm trying to open a csv file for my python book project and this error keeps popping up
File "c:\Users\MSFT Surface Pro 3\Documents\Programming\Python\Python AIO\Code.py", line 13, in <module> birthYear = int(row[1] or 0) ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: ' 1/11/2011'
and this is super annoying, help me please!
Looks like line 13 in in Code.py is birthYear = int(row[1] or 0), but probably should be something like birthYear = row[1] or "".
import PIL
img = PIL.Image.new("RGB", (100,100))
img.show()
The error message:
FSPathMakeRef(/Applications/Preview.app) failed with error -43.
Following from Sean True's answer, an even quicker but temporary fix is to simply make a symbolic link to Preview.app in the old location. In the terminal run
ln -s /System/Applications/Preview.app /Applications/Preview.app
This fixed the problem for me.
There's an official fix in github for Pillow 7, but I'm still on 6.
This appears to be a PIL ImageShow issue, with the PIL MacViewer using /Applications/Preview.app as an absolute path to the OSX Preview app.
It's not there in Catalina. I did a quick hack to ImageShow.py changing /Applications/Preview.app to just Preview.app and the issue went away. That might or might not still work on pre-Catalina OSX, but I don't have an easy way to test.
It has apparently moved to /System/Applications/Preview.app so a quick check at run time would probably cover both cases.
elif sys.platform == "darwin":
class MacViewer(Viewer):
format = "PNG"
options = {'compress_level': 1}
preview_locations = ["/System/Applications/Preview.app","/Applications/Preview.app"]
preview_location = None
def get_preview_application(self):
if self.preview_location is None:
for pl in self.preview_locations:
if os.path.exists(pl):
self.preview_location = pl
break
if self.preview_location is None:
raise RuntimeError("Can't find Preview.app in %s" % self.preview_locations)
return self.preview_location
def get_command(self, file, **options):
# on darwin open returns immediately resulting in the temp
# file removal while app is opening
pa = self.get_preview_application()
command = "open -a %s" % pa
command = "(%s %s; sleep 20; rm -f %s)&" % (command, quote(file),
quote(file))
return command
def show_file(self, file, **options):
"""Display given file"""
pa = self.get_preview_application()
fd, path = tempfile.mkstemp()
with os.fdopen(fd, 'w') as f:
f.write(file)
with open(path, "r") as f:
subprocess.Popen([
'im=$(cat);'
'open %s $im;'
'sleep 20;'
'rm -f $im' % pa
], shell=True, stdin=f)
os.remove(path)
return 1
Student trying to compare two .txt files of string "answers" from a multiple choice test a,c,d,b, etc. I've found some information on different parts of the problems I'm having and found a possible way to get the comparisons I want, but the guide was meant for in script strings and not pulling a list from a file.
For the import of the two files and comparing them, I'm basing my code on my textbook and this video here: Video example
I've got the code up and running, but for some reason I'm only getting 0.0% match when I want to a 100.0% match, at least for the two text files I'm using with identical answer lists.
import difflib
answer_sheet = "TestAnswerList.txt"
student_sheet = "StudentAnswerList.txt"
ans_list = open(answer_sheet).readlines()
stu_list = open(student_sheet).readlines()
sequence = difflib.SequenceMatcher(isjunk=None, a=ans_list, b=stu_list)
check_list = sequence.ratio()*100
check_list = round(check_list,1)
print(str(check_list) + "% match")
if check_list == 100:
print('This grade is Plus Ultra!')
elif check_list >= 75:
print('Good job, you pass!')
else:
print('Please study harder for your next test.')
# not the crux of my issue, but will accept advice all the same
answer_sheet.close
student_sheet.close
If I add in the close statement at the end for both of the text files, then I receive this error:
Traceback (most recent call last): File
"c:/Users/jaret/Documents/Ashford U/CPT 200/Python Code/Wk 5 Int Assg
- Tester code.py", line 18, in
answer_sheet.close AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'close'
I had to re-look at how my files were being opened and realized that the syntax was for Python 2 not 3. I chose to go w/ basic open and later close to reduce any potential errors on my novice part.
import difflib
f1 = open('TestAnswerList.txt')
tst_ans = f1.readlines()
f2 = open('StudentAnswerList.txt')
stu_ans = f2.readlines()
sequence = difflib.SequenceMatcher(isjunk=None, a=stu_ans, b=tst_ans)
check_list = sequence.ratio()*100
check_list = round(check_list,1)
print(str(check_list) + "% match") # Percentage correct
if check_list == 100:
print('This grade is Plus Ultra!')
elif check_list >= 75:
print('Good job, you pass!')
else:
print('Please study harder for your next test.')
# Visual Answer match-up
print('Test Answers: ', tst_ans)
print('Student Answers:', stu_ans)
f1.close()
f2.close()
My program writenotes keeps seg faulting when I try to write a note that is too long.
./writenotes lolololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololo
[ * ] Writing notes
Segmentation fault
Anyways, I was trying to write a python script that calls the program and curiously enough, calling it from a python script doesn't bring a seg fault, which I thought was rather peculiar.
Heres this code:
#!/usr/bin/python
from subprocess import call
call(["./writenotes", "lolololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololo"])
Which returns
[ * ] Writing notes
Is this because of parent processing or something like such? How would calling a program through subprocess save a program from a segfault though? Are there other ways to call programs from a script that suffer seg faults?
As a note, the writenotes program was written in C. The other script is python.
You'll almost certainly find your C program is crashing but that Python is hiding that from you. Try instead with:
print call(["./writenotes", "lolololol..."])
and see what you get as a return value.
For example, this program tries to modify a string literal and, when run normally dumps core:
int main (void) {
*"xyzzy" = 'X';
return 0;
}
However, when run from the following script:
from subprocess import call
print call(["./testprog"])
I get the output -11, indicating that signal 11 (usually SIGSEGV) was raised, as per the documentation discussing Popen.returncode which subprocess.call() uses under the covers:
A negative value -N indicates that the child was terminated by signal N (Unix only).
An alternative to checking the return code is to import check_call and CalledProcessError instead of call and then use that function. It will raise an exception if the return code is non-zero.
That's probably not so important if you're only calling one executable (just get the return value in that case) but, if you're doing a lot in sequence, catching an exception from the entire group may be more readable.
Changing the C program to only crash when the first argument is 3:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main (int argc, char *argv[]) {
if (argc > 1) {
printf ("hello there %s\n", argv[1]);
if (strcmp (argv[1], "3") == 0)
*"xyzzy" = 'X';
}
return 0;
}
and the script to call it with several different arguments:
from subprocess import check_call, CalledProcessError
try:
check_call(["./testprog", "0"])
check_call(["./testprog", "1"])
check_call(["./testprog", "2"])
check_call(["./testprog", "3"])
check_call(["./testprog", "4"])
check_call(["./testprog", "5"])
check_call(["./testprog", "6"])
check_call(["./testprog", "7"])
check_call(["./testprog", "8"])
check_call(["./testprog", "9"])
except CalledProcessError as e:
print e.cmd, "failed with", e.returncode
else:
print "Everything went well"
shows that in action:
hello there 0
hello there 1
hello there 2
hello there 3
['./testprog', '3'] failed with -11
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Here is a scenario:
I write an iPhone app using NSLocalizedString incase I decide to release it in different countries.
I decide to release the App over in France.
The translator takes my Localized.strings and does a great job translating
I update the app, and need some more translating.
I'm using genstrings and it overwrites the good work the translator did, is there a easy way for me to manage my translations over App versions?
Check out this project on GitHub, which provides a python scripts which makes genstrings a little bit smarter.
Since I don't like link-only answers (links may die), I'll also drop here the python script (all credits go to the author of the linked project)
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Localize.py - Incremental localization on XCode projects
# João Moreno 2009
# http://joaomoreno.com/
# Modified by Steve Streeting 2010 http://www.stevestreeting.com
# Changes
# - Use .strings files encoded as UTF-8
# This is useful because Mercurial and Git treat UTF-16 as binary and can't
# diff/merge them. For use on iPhone you can run an iconv script during build to
# convert back to UTF-16 (Mac OS X will happily use UTF-8 .strings files).
# - Clean up .old and .new files once we're done
# Modified by Pierre Dulac 2012 http://friendcashapp.com
# Changes
# - use logging instead of print
# Adds
# - MIT Licence
# - the first parameter in the command line to specify the path of *.lproj directories
# - an optional paramter to control the debug level (set to info by default)
# Fixes
# - do not convert a file if it is already in utf-8
# - allow multiline translations generated by genstrings by modifing the re_translation regex
# -
# MIT Licence
#
# Copyright (C) 2012 Pierre Dulac
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and
# associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
# including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
# and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
# subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial
# portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
# IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
# WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
# SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
from sys import argv
from codecs import open
from re import compile
from copy import copy
import os
import shutil
import optparse
import logging
logging.getLogger().level = logging.INFO
__version__ = "0.1"
__license__ = "MIT"
USAGE = "%prog [options] <url>"
VERSION = "%prog v" + __version__
re_translation = compile(r'^"((?:[^"]|\\")+)" = "((?:[^"]|\\")+)";(?:\n)?$')
re_comment_single = compile(r'^/\*.*\*/$')
re_comment_start = compile(r'^/\*.*$')
re_comment_end = compile(r'^.*\*/$')
class LocalizedString():
def __init__(self, comments, translation):
self.comments, self.translation = comments, translation
self.key, self.value = re_translation.match(self.translation).groups()
def __unicode__(self):
return u'%s%s\n' % (u''.join(self.comments), self.translation)
class LocalizedFile():
def __init__(self, fname=None, auto_read=False):
self.fname = fname
self.reset()
if auto_read:
self.read_from_file(fname)
def reset(self):
self.strings = []
self.strings_d = {}
def read_from_file(self, fname=None):
self.reset()
fname = self.fname if fname == None else fname
try:
#f = open(fname, encoding='utf_8', mode='r')
f = open(fname, encoding='utf_8', mode='r')
except:
print 'File %s does not exist.' % fname
exit(-1)
try:
line = f.readline()
logging.debug(line)
except:
logging.error("Can't read line for file: %s" % fname)
raise
i = 1
while line:
comments = [line]
if not re_comment_single.match(line):
while line and not re_comment_end.match(line):
line = f.readline()
comments.append(line)
line = f.readline()
i += 1
# handle multi lines
while len(line) > 1 and line[-2] != u';':
line += f.readline()
i += 1
logging.debug("%d %s" % (i, line.rstrip('\n')))
if line and re_translation.match(line):
translation = line
else:
logging.error("Line %d of file '%s' raising the exception: %s" % (i, self.fname, line))
raise Exception('invalid file')
line = f.readline()
i += 1
while line and line == u'\n':
line = f.readline()
i += 1
string = LocalizedString(comments, translation)
self.strings.append(string)
self.strings_d[string.key] = string
f.close()
def save_to_file(self, fname=None):
fname = self.fname if fname == None else fname
try:
f = open(fname, encoding='utf_8', mode='w')
except:
print 'Couldn\'t open file %s.' % fname
exit(-1)
# sort by key
self.strings.sort(key=lambda item: item.key)
for string in self.strings:
f.write(string.__unicode__())
f.close()
def merge_with(self, new):
merged = LocalizedFile()
for string in new.strings:
if self.strings_d.has_key(string.key):
new_string = copy(self.strings_d[string.key])
new_string.comments = string.comments
string = new_string
merged.strings.append(string)
merged.strings_d[string.key] = string
return merged
def update_with(self, new):
for string in new.strings:
if not self.strings_d.has_key(string.key):
self.strings.append(string)
self.strings_d[string.key] = string
def merge(merged_fname, old_fname, new_fname):
try:
old = LocalizedFile(old_fname, auto_read=True)
new = LocalizedFile(new_fname, auto_read=True)
merged = old.merge_with(new)
merged.save_to_file(merged_fname)
except Exception, inst:
logging.error('Error: input files have invalid format.')
raise
STRINGS_FILE = 'Localizable.strings'
def localize(path, excluded_paths):
languages = [os.path.join(path,name) for name in os.listdir(path) if name.endswith('.lproj') and os.path.isdir(os.path.join(path,name))]
print "languages found", languages
for language in languages:
original = merged = language + os.path.sep + STRINGS_FILE
old = original + '.old'
new = original + '.new'
if os.path.isfile(original):
try:
open(original, encoding='utf_8', mode='r').read()
os.rename(original, old)
except:
os.system('iconv -f UTF-16 -t UTF-8 "%s" > "%s"' % (original, old))
# gen
os.system('find %s -name \*.m -not -path "%s" | xargs genstrings -q -o "%s"' % (path, excluded_paths, language))
try:
open(original, encoding='utf_8', mode='r').read()
shutil.copy(original, new)
except:
os.system('iconv -f UTF-16 -t UTF-8 "%s" > "%s"' % (original, new))
# merge
merge(merged, old, new)
logging.info("Job done for language: %s" % language)
else:
os.system('genstrings -q -o "%s" `find %s -name "*.m" -not -path "%s"`' % (language, path, excluded_paths))
os.rename(original, old)
try:
open(old, encoding='utf_8', mode='r').read()
except:
os.system('iconv -f UTF-16 -t UTF-8 "%s" > "%s"' % (old, original))
if os.path.isfile(old):
os.remove(old)
if os.path.isfile(new):
os.remove(new)
def parse_options():
"""parse_options() -> opts, args
Parse any command-line options given returning both
the parsed options and arguments.
"""
parser = optparse.OptionParser(usage=USAGE, version=VERSION)
parser.add_option("-d", "--debug",
action="store_true", default=False, dest="debug",
help="Set to DEBUG the logging level (default to INFO)")
parser.add_option("-p", "--path",
action="store", type="str", default=os.getcwd(), dest="path",
help="Path (relative or absolute) to use for searching for *.lproj directories")
parser.add_option("-e", "--exclude",
action="store", type="str", default=None, dest="excluded_paths",
help="Regex for paths to exclude ex. ``./Folder1/*``")
opts, args = parser.parse_args()
return opts, args
if __name__ == '__main__':
opts, args = parse_options()
if opts.debug:
logging.getLogger().level = logging.DEBUG
if opts.path:
opts.path = os.path.realpath(opts.path)
if opts.excluded_paths:
opts.excluded_paths = os.path.realpath(opts.excluded_paths)
logging.info("Running the script on path %s" % opts.path)
localize(opts.path, opts.excluded_paths)
I use:
http://www.loc-suite.com
To only translate the new parts
I was having a similar issue. I changed a lot of keys for my NSLocalizedString-macros and was frightened that I'd ship the App with missing translations (didn't want to run through the whole App manually and check if everything's there either...).
I tried out the github project that Gabriella Petronella posted but I wasn't really that happy with it, so I wrote my own python module to accomplish what I wanted to do.
(I'm not gonna post the code here, since it's a whole module and not only one script :D)
Here is the couple of options you can chose to go with:
You can use some hand-written solution like the script mentioned above which will not completely rewrite the old files while adding a recently translated strings to them.
You can also create an additional strings.h file which will contain all the strings you do have so you will not need to rewrite them all the time, just in one place. So genstrings is not necessary anymore. However there is a con of using this: the string.h file will be unstructured which is probably not convenient for the big projects.
Thanks to Best practice using NSLocalizedString
// In strings.h
#define YOUR_STRING_KEY NSLocalizedString(#"Cancel", nil)
// Somewhere else in you code
NSLog(#"%#", YOUR_STRING_KEY);
I actually started using a tool called PhraseApp https://phraseapp.com/projects
It's worth looking into if you have to localise an app!