GKShuffledDistribution - using upperbound doesn't exhaust all possible values? - swift

I'm trying to use GKShuffledDistribution in one of my apps but the nextInt(upperBound:) method doesn't work the same as the nextInt method in that it doesn't exhaust all possible values. To demonstrate, open a playground and do this:
import GameplayKit
let shuffled = GKShuffledDistribution.init(lowestValue: 0, highestValue: 100)
for _ in 0...25{
shuffled.nextInt(upperBound: 100)
}
I got 2 duplicates using this method. If I replaced it with:
shuffled.nextInt()
I don't get any duplicates. Is this how nextInt(upperBound:) supposed to work? If it is, can some one point me to documentation explaining this? Thanks.

upperBound is provided to let you ask for a random value between your lowestValue and a new (temporary) highestValue that's less than the highestValue you've set when creating your GKShuffledDistribution instance.
Oops. That's mealy mouthed.
Let me try this more pictorially.
IF you normally want a random number between 0 and 20, but sometimes you want one that's only between 0 and 10, from this same shuffle, then you can set upperBound to 10 and a number will be "pulled out" that's between 0 and 10, of the numbers left in your current shuffle cycle.
Well... at least I think that's how it's supposed to work.
Theoretically, when you set the upperBound to 100, as in your example, the highestValue should be the determinant of activity, since the docs suggest:
The actual upper bound on numbers generated by this method is the
lesser of the highestValue property and the upperBound parameter.

Related

Mean of values before and after a specific element

I have an array of 1 x 400, where all element values are above 1500. However, I have some elements that have values<50 which are wrong measures and I would like to have the mean of the elements before and after the wrong measured data points and replace it in the main array.
For instance, element number 17 is below 50 so I want to take the mean of elements 16 and 18 and replace element 17 with the new mean.
Can someone help me, please? many thanks in advance.
No language is specified in the question, but for Python you could work with List Comprehension:
# array with 400 values, some of which are incorrect
arr = [...]
arr = [arr[i] if arr[i] >= 50 else (arr[i-1]+arr[i+1])/2 for i in range(len(arr))]
That is, if arr[i] is less than 50, it'll be replaced by the average value of the element before and after it. There are two issues with this approach.
If i is the first or last element, then one of the two values will be undefined, and no mean can be obtained. This can be fixed by just using the value of the available neighbour, as specified below
If two values in a row are very low, the leftmost one will use the rightmost one to calculate its value, which will result in a very low value. This is a problem that may not occur for you in practice, but it is an inherent result of the way you wish to recalculate values, and you might want to keep it in mind.
Improved version, keeping in mind the edge cases:
# don't alter the first and last item, even if they're low
arr = [arr[i] if arr[i] >= 50 or i == 0 or i+1 == len(arr) else (arr[i-1]+arr[i+1])/2 for i in range(len(arr))]
# replace the first and last element if needed
if arr[0] < 50:
arr[0] = arr[1]
if arr[len(arr)-1] < 50:
arr[len(arr)-1] = arr[len(arr)-2]
I hope this answer was useful for you, even if you intend to use another language or framework than python.

How to contunally add to a number in SparkAR ( += equivalent)

New to reactive programming and pretty lost.
I have a number (which can be positive or negative) coming into a script from a patch in SparkAR and I'd like to add the number to itself once every frame.
ie if the incoming number is 1 and it comes in 9 times the variable would be 9.
let intoScript = Patches.getScalarValue('intoScript').pinLastValue;
let myValue = Reactive.add(myValue, intoScript);
The above doesnt work.
One way-
Increment counter in Patch editor and send variable value to SparkAR.
(https://sparkar.facebook.com/ar-studio/learn/documentation/docs/visual-programming/javascript-to-patch-bridging/)
let originalValue = Reactive.val(0)
function increment(newValue){
Diagnostics.watch('originalValue', originalValue)
originalValue = newValue.add(originalValue)
}
Don't forget to import Reactive module. more info about logical operations here

Couldn't understand this SWIFT Fucntion [closed]

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Hope you are doing well. Would anyone please explain this code to me? I am still not getting how we got 120 here. When the parameters were passed to the function, where was it saved? How did it determine max and min before calculating?
Would be really appreciated if anyone could explain it for me please..
You're getting 120 because you're asking the tuple for the sum value twice. The tuple passed back is (min: Int, max: Int, sum: Int). In this case, sum is also index number 2 (min is index zero, max is index one). So in this case statistics.sum == statistics.2
If you want to access min or max you can access them using statistics.min or statistics.max respectively. You can also use statistics.0 or statistics.1 if you prefer (I recommend using the labels though).
Final thought: I would change your initial assignment of max and min inside the function to read as follows:
guard var max = scores.first, var min = scores.first else {
return (0, 0, 0)
}
This will protect against the user accidentally passing an empty array.
You could have also set min and max to 0 ,not to scores[0].
This func is very simple, I think you should read somewhere How functions are working.
For loop is used to go through every element, in your case every element in array scores. In every iteration, variable sum is increased by current element in array. So:
At the beginning of the function : sum = 0
1. iteration: sum = 0 + 5
2. iteration: sum = 5 + 3
3. iteration: sum = 8 + 100
4. iteration: sum = 108 + 3
5. iteration: sum = 111 + 9
For loop ends. Sum = 120.
Score in Scores means like every single element in score. So name Score can be whatever you want to name it. You could have also name it element , x, a or whatever you like.
The function returns a tuple of type (min: Int, max: Int, sum: Int).
max and min are not determined before being calculated. When they're first assigned at the top of the function, they just contain the first element of the passed in scores array. But by the time the loop below finishes, they indeed have the correct minimum and maximum values. Those values are then returned in a tuple matching the return type.

Is there a range data structure in Scala?

I'm looking for a way to handle ranges in Scala.
What I need to do is:
given a set of ranges and a range(A) return the range(B) where range(A) intersect range (B) is not empty
given a set of ranges and a range(A) remove/add range(A) from/to the set of ranges.
given range(A) and range(B) create a range(C) = [min(A,B), max(A,B)]
I saw something similar in java - http://docs.guava-libraries.googlecode.com/git/javadoc/com/google/common/collect/RangeSet.html
Though subRangeSet returns only the intersect values and not the range in the set (or list of ranges) that it intersects with.
RangeSet rangeSet = TreeRangeSet.create();
rangeSet.add(Range.closed(0, 10));
rangeSet.add(Range.closed(30, 40));
Range range = Range.closed(12, 32);
System.out.println(rangeSet.subRangeSet(range)); //[30,32] (I need [30,40])
System.out.println(range.span(Range.closed(30, 40))); //[12,40]
There is an Interval[A] type in the spire math library. This allows working with ranges of arbitrary types that define an Order. Boundaries can be inclusive, exclusive or omitted. So e.g. (-∞, 0.0] or [0.0, 1.0) would be possible intervals of doubles.
Here is a library intervalset for working with sets of non-overlapping intervals (IntervalSeq or IntervalTrie) as well as maps of intervals to arbitrary values (IntervalMap).
Here is a related question that describes how to use IntervalSeq with DateTime.
Note that if the type you want to use is 64bit or less (basically any primitive), IntervalTrie is extremely fast. See the Benchmarks.
As Tzach Zohar has mentioned in the comment, if all you need is range of Int - go for scala.collection.immutable.Range:
val rangeSet = Set(0 to 10, 30 to 40)
val r = 12 to 32
rangeSet.filter(range => range.contains(r.start) || range.contains(r.end))
If you need it for another underlying type - implement it by yourself, it's easy for your usecase.

How to take one particular number or a range of particular number from a set of number?

I am looking for to take one particular number or range of numbers from a set of number?
Example
A = [-10,-2,-3,-8, 0 ,1, 2, 3, 4 ,5,7, 8, 9, 10, -100];
How can I just take number 5 from the set of above number and
How can I take a range of number for example from -3 to 4 from A.
Please help.
Thanks
I don't know what you are trying to accomplish by this. But you could check each entry of the set and test it it's in the specified range of numbers. The test for a single number could be accomplished by testing each number explicitly or as a special case of range check where the lower and the upper bound are the same number.
looping and testing, no matter what the programming language is, although most programming languages have builtin methods for accomplishing this type of task (so you may want to specify what language are you supposed to use for your homework):
procfun get_element:
index=0
for element in set:
if element is 5 then return (element,index)
increment index
your "5" is in element and at set[index]
getting a range:
procfun getrange:
subset = []
index = 0
for element in set:
if element is -3:
push element in subset
while index < length(set)-1:
push set[index] in subset
if set[index] is 4:
return subset
increment index
#if we met "-3" but we didn't met "4" then there's no such range
return None
#keep searching for a "-3"
increment index
return None
if ran against A, subset would be [-3,-8, 0 ,1, 2, 3, 4]; this is a "first matched, first grabbed" poorman's algorithm. on sorted sets the algorithms can get smarter and faster.