How can I encrypt just a single table data in redshift database?
I see that encryption is a cluster level setting. But I need to encrypt just 1 table and not all the tables of the database.
I have user personal information in the table that I want to encrypt.
No. As you say, encryption is a cluster-level setting.
You could encrypt the data in the table yourself, but this makes it hard to write useful SQL queries.
Related
As part of GDPR requirement we need to encrypt data at rest.
We are planning to use Postgres and from the below links looks like TDE can be achieved in Postgres as well.
https://www.enterprisedb.com/blog/postgres-and-transparent-data-encryption-tde
https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com/en/products/postgresql-transparent-data-encryption/
When we have multiple schema in Postgres, is it possible to apply TDE only in a particular schema?
Unfortunately it is not possible to just encrypt a schema because, when you install PostgreSQL TDE, you initialize the whole database with the encryption key.
Like you can see in the picture here:
there is a reason for this: if we allow encryption on a per-table level (or per schema or per database, doesn't matter) we got to manage an infinite number of keys. this is especially true during point-in-time-recovery and all that. this is why we decided to do the encryption on the instance level. one key. the core advantage is: we can easily encrypt all parts of the instance including the WAL, temp files, and so on (basically everything but the clog).
don't expect this to change - go for full encryption.
we can help you with that.
cheers from cybertec :)
i hope you like the feature :)
hans
i want to encrypt data inside a table in postgresql, i may encrypt a few column or all column data in that table.
if i do query directly from sql client (DBeaver, Adminer) then i can retrieve the column value but it's not readable (because it's encrypted)
if my application (web apps) query the table data, it will show the readable data. web apps have the correct key to decrypt.
Question :
assuming i encrypt using a symmetric key (pgcrypto), how can i regularly rotate the symmetric key ?
can i implemented above case at AWS ?
I need to encrypt some columns in a PostgreSQL 9.6 database. The data being encrypted is inherently sensitive; however, the data are not passwords or other authentication credentials. This data will need to be decrypted for statistical analysis and consumption by users.
After reading several questions and answers:
Storing encrypted data in Postgres
https://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/24370/how-to-use-aes-encryption-in-postgresql
https://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/59942/secure-postgresql-database-encryption
... and considering these comments:
... it seems the biggest problem with using the pgcrypto module is the storage of keys in the same database.
This begs the question:
Is it consistent with best practices to store the key in a different database and access it via a foreign data wrapper, such as Postgresql_FDW?
Secret storage is a common issue when using crypto mecanisms.
pgcrypto does not povide key storage, you are free to store the key where you want and protect it as you can.
Storing the key in another database, if managed by the same DBA does not provide much security as DBA may access it the same way.
Ideally, you would store the key in a secure vault and request it from your application in order to construct the queries. It will still be visible from DBA while the request is running through select * from pg_stat_activity.
You may set the key for a SQL session wide use through set session my.vars.cryptokey = 'secret'; then use it into your queries with the following syntax : current_setting('my.vars.cryptokey')::text
To be (almost) transparent from the application point of view, PostgreSQL rules may help for translating secure_column to the call to decrypt function with the session stored key. For inserting, a pre-insert trigger would be required.
I am looking to store all of my tables in PostgreSQL as aes 256 encrypted (due to client requirements).
I will look at decrypting few columns for my analysis later.
But apparently the encryption process is a drag as I have loads of tables. I am using update statements to pgp_sym_encrypt each column individually.
Is there a way to update the entire table easily or is there a better process instead of writing manual column update queries in each table??
Many thanks
Is there a way to update the entire table easily or is there a better process instead of writing manual column update queries in each table?
No, there isn't.
PostgreSQL doesn't support encrypted tables. It's not something an extension can really add, it'd have to be added to the core database engine, and nobody's done the work required to add the feature yet.
Most people who need this do the encryption application-side and store bytea fields in the table.
The document here: http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.2/static/encryption-options.html describes several approaches to encrypting data when using postgresql.
I would like to know if there's any security advantage to encrypting specific columns using pgcrypto instead of simply encrypting the entire partition on which the database resides. It seems to me that pgcrypto is cumbersome to use(instead of just using SQL queries without having to worry about things being encrypted) so there should be a reason for its existence. Is it simply that people may not have the ability to manage the database server(shared hosts/etc...) so they would have to make-do with pgcrypto, or is there a security reason?
In my particular case, the application code and the database are on the same host, so compromising the server itself while it is live would result in the data being leaked either way(one could look for the encryption key in the code in one case, or simply retrieve the data from the mounted volume in the other).
Edit: I forgot to mention, also in this particular case, the data is used by the server not the client, ie, the client can't provide the key at run-time it would have to be on the server in the application code.
You can give the DBA SQL level access without compromising data.
You can have separate encryption keys for different data
Your backups (dumps) are encrypted
If the client provides the encryption keys, The server does not have to be trusted
If You separate the app server from the DB server, the encryption keys can be on the app server only.
You can encrypt only a part of the data.
Last but not the least: There is more to pgcrypto than symmetric single-key encryption, like asymmetric encryption, cryptographic hashing, cryto-safe PRNG, password-hashing.