I am new to Spark and Scala, so I have no idea how this kind of problem is called (which makes searching for it pretty hard).
I have data of the following structure:
[(date1, (name1, 1)), (date1, (name1, 1)), (date1, (name2, 1)), (date2, (name3, 1))]
In some way, this has to be reduced/aggregated to:
[(date1, [(name1, 2), (name2, 1)]), (date2, [(name3, 1)])]
I know how to do reduceByKey on a list of key-value pairs, but this particular problem is a mystery to me.
Thanks in advance!
My data, but here goes, step-wise:
val rdd1 = sc.makeRDD(Array( ("d1",("A",1)), ("d1",("A",1)), ("d1",("B",1)), ("d2",("E",1)) ),2)
val rdd2 = rdd1.map(x => ((x._1, x._2._1), x._2._2))
val rdd3 = rdd2.groupByKey
val rdd4 = rdd3.map{
case (str, nums) => (str, nums.sum)
}
val rdd5 = rdd4.map(x => (x._1._1, (x._1._2, x._2))).groupByKey
rdd5.collect
returns:
res28: Array[(String, Iterable[(String, Int)])] = Array((d2,CompactBuffer((E,1))), (d1,CompactBuffer((A,2), (B,1))))
Better approach avoiding groupByKey is as follows:
val rdd1 = sc.makeRDD(Array( ("d1",("A",1)), ("d1",("A",1)), ("d1",("B",1)), ("d2",("E",1)) ),2)
val rdd2 = rdd1.map(x => ((x._1, x._2._1), (x._2._2))) // Need to add quotes around V part for reduceByKey
val rdd3 = rdd2.reduceByKey(_+_)
val rdd4 = rdd3.map(x => (x._1._1, (x._1._2, x._2))).groupByKey // Necessary Shuffle
rdd4.collect
As I stated in the columns it can be done with DataFrames for structured data, so run this below:
// This above should be enough.
import org.apache.spark.sql.expressions._
import org.apache.spark.sql.functions._
val rddA = sc.makeRDD(Array( ("d1","A",1), ("d1","A",1), ("d1","B",1), ("d2","E",1) ),2)
val dfA = rddA.toDF("c1", "c2", "c3")
val dfB = dfA
.groupBy("c1", "c2")
.agg(sum("c3").alias("sum"))
dfB.show
returns:
+---+---+---+
| c1| c2|sum|
+---+---+---+
| d1| A| 2|
| d2| E| 1|
| d1| B| 1|
+---+---+---+
But you can do this to approximate the above of the CompactBuffer above.
import org.apache.spark.sql.functions.{col, udf}
case class XY(x: String, y: Long)
val xyTuple = udf((x: String, y: Long) => XY(x, y))
val dfC = dfB
.withColumn("xy", xyTuple(col("c2"), col("sum")))
.drop("c2")
.drop("sum")
dfC.printSchema
dfC.show
// Then ... this gives you the CompactBuffer answer but from a DF-perspective
val dfD = dfC.groupBy(col("c1")).agg(collect_list(col("xy")))
dfD.show
returns - some renaming req'd and possible sorting:
---+----------------+
| c1|collect_list(xy)|
+---+----------------+
| d2| [[E, 1]]|
| d1|[[A, 2], [B, 1]]|
+---+----------------+
Related
myFunc(Row): String = {
//process row
//returns string
}
appendNewCol(inputDF : DataFrame) : DataFrame ={
inputDF.withColumn("newcol",myFunc(Row))
inputDF
}
But no new column got created in my case. My myFunc passes this row to a knowledgebasesession object and that returns a string after firing rules. Can I do it this way? If not, what is the right way? Thanks in advance.
I saw many StackOverflow solutions using expr() sqlfunc(col(udf(x)) and other techniques but here my newcol is not derived directly from existing column.
Dataframe:
import org.apache.spark.sql.Row
import org.apache.spark.sql.types.{StringType, StructField, StructType}
val myFunc = (r: Row) => {r.getAs[String]("col1") + "xyz"} // example transformation
val testDf = spark.sparkContext.parallelize(Seq(
(1, "abc"), (2, "def"), (3, "ghi"))).toDF("id", "col1")
testDf.show
val rddRes = testDf
.rdd
.map{x =>
val y = myFunc (x)
Row.fromSeq (x.toSeq ++ Seq(y) )
}
val newSchema = StructType(testDf.schema.fields ++ Array(StructField("col2", dataType =StringType, nullable =false)))
spark.sqlContext.createDataFrame(rddRes, newSchema).show
Results:
+---+----+
| id|col1|
+---+----+
| 1| abc|
| 2| def|
| 3| ghi|
+---+----+
+---+----+------+
| id|col1| col2|
+---+----+------+
| 1| abc|abcxyz|
| 2| def|defxyz|
| 3| ghi|ghixyz|
+---+----+------+
With Dataset:
case class testData(id: Int, col1: String)
case class transformedData(id: Int, col1: String, col2: String)
val test: Dataset[testData] = List(testData(1, "abc"), testData(2, "def"), testData(3, "ghi")).toDS
val transformedData: Dataset[transformedData] = test
.map { x: testData =>
val newCol = x.col1 + "xyz"
transformedData(x.id, x.col1, newCol)
}
transformedData.show
As you can see datasets is more readable, plus provides strong type casting.
Since I'm unaware of your spark version, providing both solutions here. However if you're using spark v>=1.6, you should look into Datasets. Playing with rdd is fun, but can quickly devolve into longer job runs and a host of other issues that you wont foresee
I want to filter dataframe based on applying regex values in one of the columns to another column.
Example:
Id Column1 RegexColumm
1 Abc A.*
2 Def B.*
3 Ghi G.*
The result of filtering dataframe using RegexColumm should give rows with id 1 and 3.
Is there a way to do this in spark 1.5.1? Don't want to use UDF as this might cause scalability issues, looking for spark native api.
You can convert df -> rdd then by traversing through row we can match the regex and filter out only the matching data without using any UDF.
Example:
import org.apache.spark.sql.types._
import org.apache.spark.sql._
import org.apache.spark.sql.functions._
df.show()
//+---+-------+--------+
//| id|column1|regexCol|
//+---+-------+--------+
//| 1| Abc| A.*|
//| 2| Def| B.*|
//| 3| Ghi| G.*|
//+---+-------+--------+
//creating new schema to add new boolean field
val sch = StructType(df.schema.fields ++ Array(StructField("bool_col", BooleanType, false)))
//convert df to rdd and match the regex using .map
val rdd = df.rdd.map(row => {
val regex = row.getAs[String]("regexCol")
val bool = row.getAs[String]("column1").matches(regex)
val bool_col = s"$bool".toBoolean
val newRow = Row.fromSeq(row.toSeq ++ Array(bool_col))
newRow
})
//convert rdd to dataframe filter out true values for bool_col
val final_df = sqlContext.createDataFrame(rdd, sch).where(col("bool_col")).drop("bool_col")
final_df.show(10)
//+---+-------+--------+
//| id|column1|regexCol|
//+---+-------+--------+
//| 1| Abc| A.*|
//| 3| Ghi| G.*|
//+---+-------+--------+
UPDATE:
Instead of .map we can use .mapPartition (map vs mapPartiiton):
val rdd = df.rdd.mapPartitions(
partitions => {
partitions.map(row => {
val regex = row.getAs[String]("regexCol")
val bool = row.getAs[String]("column1").matches(regex)
val bool_col = s"$bool".toBoolean
val newRow = Row.fromSeq(row.toSeq ++ Array(bool_col))
newRow
})
})
scala> val df = Seq((1,"Abc","A.*"),(2,"Def","B.*"),(3,"Ghi","G.*")).toDF("id","Column1","RegexColumm")
df: org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrame = [id: int, Column1: string ... 1 more field]
scala> val requiredDF = df.filter(x=> x.getAs[String]("Column1").matches(x.getAs[String]("RegexColumm")))
requiredDF: org.apache.spark.sql.Dataset[org.apache.spark.sql.Row] = [id: int, Column1: string ... 1 more field]
scala> requiredDF.show
+---+-------+-----------+
| id|Column1|RegexColumm|
+---+-------+-----------+
| 1| Abc| A.*|
| 3| Ghi| G.*|
+---+-------+-----------+
You can use like above, I think this is what you are lioking for. Please do let me know if it helps you.
I am using Spark 1.60 and Scala 2.10.5
I have a dataframe like this,
+------------------+
|id | needed |
+------------------+
|1 | 2 |
|1 | 0 |
|1 | 3 |
|2 | 0 |
|2 | 0 |
|3 | 1 |
|3 | 2 |
+------------------+
From this df I created an rdd like this,
val dfRDD = df.rdd
from my rdd, I want to group by id and count of needed is > 0.
((1, 2), (2,0), (3,2))
So, I tried like this,
val groupedDF = dfRDD.map(x =>(x(0), x(1) > 0)).count.redueByKey(_+_)
In this case, I am getting an error:
error: value > is not a member of any
I need that in rdd level. Any help to get my desired output would be great.
The problem is that in your map you're calling the apply method of Row, and as you can see in its scaladoc, that method returns Any - and as you can see for the error and from the scaladoc there is not such method < in Any
You can fix it using the getAs[T] method.
import org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD
import org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession
val spark =
SparkSession
.builder
.master("local[*]")
.getOrCreate()
import spark.implicits._
val df =
List(
(1, 2),
(1, 0),
(1, 3),
(2, 0),
(2, 0),
(3, 1),
(3, 2)
).toDF("id", "needed")
val rdd: RDD[(Int, Int)] = df.rdd.map(row => (row.getAs[Int](fieldName = "id"), row.getAs[Int](fieldName = "needed")))
From there you can continue with the aggregation, you have a few mistakes in your logic.
First, you don't need the count call.
And second, if you need to count the amount of times "needed" was greater than one you can't do _ + _, because that is the sum of needed values.
val grouped: RDD[(Int, Int)] = rdd.reduceByKey { (acc, v) => if (v > 0) acc + 1 else acc }
val result: Array[(Int, Int)] = grouped.collect()
// Array((1,3), (2,0), (3,2))
PS: You should tell your professor to upgrade to Spark 2 and Scala 2.11 ;)
Edit
Using case classes in the above example.
final case class Data(id: Int, needed: Int)
val rdd: RDD[Data] = df.as[Data].rdd
val grouped: RDD[(Int, Int)] = rdd.map(d => d.id -> d.needed).reduceByKey { (acc, v) => if (v > 0) acc + 1 else acc }
val result: Array[(Int, Int)] = grouped.collect()
// Array((1,3), (2,0), (3,2))
There's no need to do the calculation at the rdd level. Aggregation with the data frame should work:
df.groupBy("id").agg(sum(($"needed" > 0).cast("int")).as("positiveCount")).show
+---+-------------+
| id|positiveCount|
+---+-------------+
| 1| 2|
| 3| 2|
| 2| 0|
+---+-------------+
If you have to work with RDD, use row.getInt or as #Luis' answer row.getAs[Int] to get the value with explicit type, and then do the comparison and reduceByKey:
df.rdd.map(r => (r.getInt(0), if (r.getInt(1) > 0) 1 else 0)).reduceByKey(_ + _).collect
// res18: Array[(Int, Int)] = Array((1,2), (2,0), (3,2))
There are two rdds.
val pairRDD1 = sc.parallelize(List( ("cat",2), ("girl", 5), ("book", 4),("Tom", 12)))
val pairRDD2 = sc.parallelize(List( ("cat",2), ("cup", 5), ("mouse", 4),("girl", 12)))
And then I will do this join operation.
val kk = pairRDD1.fullOuterJoin(pairRDD2).collect
it shows like that:
kk: Array[(String, (Option[Int], Option[Int]))] = Array((book,(Some(4),None)), (Tom,(Some(12),None)), (girl,(Some(5),Some(12))), (mouse,(None,Some(4))), (cup,(None,Some(5))), (cat,(Some(2),Some(2))))
if i would like to fill the NONE by 0 and transform Option[int] to Int.what should I code?Thanks!
You can use mapValues on kk as follows (note this is before the collect):
pairRDD1.fullOuterJoin(pairRDD2).mapValues(pair => (pair._1.getOrElse(0), pair._2.getOrElse(0)))
You might have to do this before collect in an RDD, otherwise you could do:
kk.map { case (k, pair) => (k, (pair._1.getOrElse(0), pair._2.getOrElse(0))) }
Based on commnets in first answer, if you are fine using DataFrames, you can do with dataframes with any number of columns.
val ss = SparkSession.builder().master("local[*]").getOrCreate()
val sc = ss.sparkContext
import ss.implicits._
val pairRDD1 = sc.parallelize(List(("cat", 2,9999), ("girl", 5,8888), ("book", 4,9999), ("Tom", 12,6666)))
val pairRDD2 = sc.parallelize(List(("cat", 2,9999), ("cup", 5,7777), ("mouse", 4,3333), ("girl", 12,1111)))
val df1 = pairRDD1.toDF
val df2 = pairRDD2.toDF
val joined = df1.join(df2, df1.col("_1") === df2.col("_1"),"fullouter")
joined.show()
Here _1,_2 e.t.c are default column names provided by Spark. But, if you wish to have proper names you can change it as you wish.
Result:
+----+----+----+-----+----+----+
| _1| _2| _3| _1| _2| _3|
+----+----+----+-----+----+----+
|girl| 5|8888| girl| 12|1111|
| Tom| 12|6666| null|null|null|
| cat| 2|9999| cat| 2|9999|
|null|null|null| cup| 5|7777|
|null|null|null|mouse| 4|3333|
|book| 4|9999| null|null|null|
+----+----+----+-----+----+----+
I have a DataFrame that looks like follow:
userID, category, frequency
1,cat1,1
1,cat2,3
1,cat9,5
2,cat4,6
2,cat9,2
2,cat10,1
3,cat1,5
3,cat7,16
3,cat8,2
The number of distinct categories is 10, and I would like to create a feature vector for each userID and fill the missing categories with zeros.
So the output would be something like:
userID,feature
1,[1,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,0]
2,[0,0,0,6,0,0,0,0,2,1]
3,[5,0,0,0,0,0,16,2,0,0]
It is just an illustrative example, in reality I have about 200,000 unique userID and and 300 unique category.
What is the most efficient way to create the features DataFrame?
A little bit more DataFrame centric solution:
import org.apache.spark.ml.feature.VectorAssembler
val df = sc.parallelize(Seq(
(1, "cat1", 1), (1, "cat2", 3), (1, "cat9", 5), (2, "cat4", 6),
(2, "cat9", 2), (2, "cat10", 1), (3, "cat1", 5), (3, "cat7", 16),
(3, "cat8", 2))).toDF("userID", "category", "frequency")
// Create a sorted array of categories
val categories = df
.select($"category")
.distinct.map(_.getString(0))
.collect
.sorted
// Prepare vector assemble
val assembler = new VectorAssembler()
.setInputCols(categories)
.setOutputCol("features")
// Aggregation expressions
val exprs = categories.map(
c => sum(when($"category" === c, $"frequency").otherwise(lit(0))).alias(c))
val transformed = assembler.transform(
df.groupBy($"userID").agg(exprs.head, exprs.tail: _*))
.select($"userID", $"features")
and an UDAF alternative:
import org.apache.spark.sql.expressions.{
MutableAggregationBuffer, UserDefinedAggregateFunction}
import org.apache.spark.mllib.linalg.Vectors
import org.apache.spark.sql.types.{
StructType, ArrayType, DoubleType, IntegerType}
import scala.collection.mutable.WrappedArray
class VectorAggregate (n: Int) extends UserDefinedAggregateFunction {
def inputSchema = new StructType()
.add("i", IntegerType)
.add("v", DoubleType)
def bufferSchema = new StructType().add("buff", ArrayType(DoubleType))
def dataType = new VectorUDT()
def deterministic = true
def initialize(buffer: MutableAggregationBuffer) = {
buffer.update(0, Array.fill(n)(0.0))
}
def update(buffer: MutableAggregationBuffer, input: Row) = {
if (!input.isNullAt(0)) {
val i = input.getInt(0)
val v = input.getDouble(1)
val buff = buffer.getAs[WrappedArray[Double]](0)
buff(i) += v
buffer.update(0, buff)
}
}
def merge(buffer1: MutableAggregationBuffer, buffer2: Row) = {
val buff1 = buffer1.getAs[WrappedArray[Double]](0)
val buff2 = buffer2.getAs[WrappedArray[Double]](0)
for ((x, i) <- buff2.zipWithIndex) {
buff1(i) += x
}
buffer1.update(0, buff1)
}
def evaluate(buffer: Row) = Vectors.dense(
buffer.getAs[Seq[Double]](0).toArray)
}
with example usage:
import org.apache.spark.ml.feature.StringIndexer
val indexer = new StringIndexer()
.setInputCol("category")
.setOutputCol("category_idx")
.fit(df)
val indexed = indexer.transform(df)
.withColumn("category_idx", $"category_idx".cast("integer"))
.withColumn("frequency", $"frequency".cast("double"))
val n = indexer.labels.size + 1
val transformed = indexed
.groupBy($"userID")
.agg(new VectorAggregate(n)($"category_idx", $"frequency").as("vec"))
transformed.show
// +------+--------------------+
// |userID| vec|
// +------+--------------------+
// | 1|[1.0,5.0,0.0,3.0,...|
// | 2|[0.0,2.0,0.0,0.0,...|
// | 3|[5.0,0.0,16.0,0.0...|
// +------+--------------------+
In this case order of values is defined by indexer.labels:
indexer.labels
// Array[String] = Array(cat1, cat9, cat7, cat2, cat8, cat4, cat10)
In practice I would prefer solution by Odomontois so these are provided mostly for reference.
Suppose:
val cs: SparkContext
val sc: SQLContext
val cats: DataFrame
Where userId and frequency are bigint columns which corresponds to scala.Long
We are creating intermediate mapping RDD:
val catMaps = cats.rdd
.groupBy(_.getAs[Long]("userId"))
.map { case (id, rows) => id -> rows
.map { row => row.getAs[String]("category") -> row.getAs[Long]("frequency") }
.toMap
}
Then collecting all presented categories in the lexicographic order
val catNames = cs.broadcast(catMaps.map(_._2.keySet).reduce(_ union _).toArray.sorted)
Or creating it manually
val catNames = cs.broadcast(1 to 10 map {n => s"cat$n"} toArray)
Finally we're transforming maps to arrays with 0-values for non-existing values
import sc.implicits._
val catArrays = catMaps
.map { case (id, catMap) => id -> catNames.value.map(catMap.getOrElse(_, 0L)) }
.toDF("userId", "feature")
now catArrays.show() prints something like
+------+--------------------+
|userId| feature|
+------+--------------------+
| 2|[0, 1, 0, 6, 0, 0...|
| 1|[1, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0...|
| 3|[5, 0, 0, 0, 16, ...|
+------+--------------------+
This could be not the most elegant solution for dataframes, as I barely familiar with this area of spark.
Note, that you could create your catNames manually to add zeros for missing cat3, cat5, ...
Also note that otherwise catMaps RDD is operated twice, you might want to .persist() it
Given your input:
val df = Seq((1, "cat1", 1), (1, "cat2", 3), (1, "cat9", 5),
(2, "cat4", 6), (2, "cat9", 2), (2, "cat10", 1),
(3, "cat1", 5), (3, "cat7", 16), (3, "cat8", 2))
.toDF("userID", "category", "frequency")
df.show
+------+--------+---------+
|userID|category|frequency|
+------+--------+---------+
| 1| cat1| 1|
| 1| cat2| 3|
| 1| cat9| 5|
| 2| cat4| 6|
| 2| cat9| 2|
| 2| cat10| 1|
| 3| cat1| 5|
| 3| cat7| 16|
| 3| cat8| 2|
+------+--------+---------+
Just run:
val pivoted = df.groupBy("userID").pivot("category").avg("frequency")
val dfZeros = pivoted.na.fill(0)
dzZeros.show
+------+----+-----+----+----+----+----+----+
|userID|cat1|cat10|cat2|cat4|cat7|cat8|cat9|
+------+----+-----+----+----+----+----+----+
| 1| 1.0| 0.0| 3.0| 0.0| 0.0| 0.0| 5.0|
| 3| 5.0| 0.0| 0.0| 0.0|16.0| 2.0| 0.0|
| 2| 0.0| 1.0| 0.0| 6.0| 0.0| 0.0| 2.0|
+------+----+-----+----+----+----+----+----+
Finally, use VectorAssembler to create a org.apache.spark.ml.linalg.Vector
NOTE: I have not checked performances on this yet...
EDIT: Possibly more complex, but likely more efficient!
def toSparseVectorUdf(size: Int) = udf[Vector, Seq[Row]] {
(data: Seq[Row]) => {
val indices = data.map(_.getDouble(0).toInt).toArray
val values = data.map(_.getInt(1).toDouble).toArray
Vectors.sparse(size, indices, values)
}
}
val indexer = new StringIndexer().setInputCol("category").setOutputCol("idx")
val indexerModel = indexer.fit(df)
val totalCategories = indexerModel.labels.size
val dataWithIndices = indexerModel.transform(df)
val data = dataWithIndices.groupBy("userId").agg(sort_array(collect_list(struct($"idx", $"frequency".as("val")))).as("data"))
val dataWithFeatures = data.withColumn("features", toSparseVectorUdf(totalCategories)($"data")).drop("data")
dataWithFeatures.show(false)
+------+--------------------------+
|userId|features |
+------+--------------------------+
|1 |(7,[0,1,3],[1.0,5.0,3.0]) |
|3 |(7,[0,2,4],[5.0,16.0,2.0])|
|2 |(7,[1,5,6],[2.0,6.0,1.0]) |
+------+--------------------------+
NOTE: StringIndexer will sort categories by frequency => most frequent category will be at index=0 in indexerModel.labels. Feel free to use your own mapping if you'd like and pass that directly to toSparseVectorUdf.