I am trying to develop a script which takes input of a verilog netlist and create a testbench for that, so when we connect test-bench to the main module by name we do somethin like this,
.a(a); .ext(ext); etc etc.
now I have like 120 inputs for a bigger block like
`in1, in2... and some arrays like [31:0] ext; etc
I want to match the pattern of .in1; and replace it as .in1(in1);
I am trying
s/^\s+\.(.*)/\.$1\($1\)/g;
so it will check a string starting with space characters, followed by a single '.' character and then all characters, and replace it with the pattern shown in the statement line,
the complete code as follows:
use strict;
use warnings;
my $filename = shift;
open (my $fh , "<" , $filename) or die $!;
open (my $pr , ">" , "D:/dump/testbench.v") or die $!;
my #code;
while (my $line = <$fh>)
{
chomp $line;
#code = (#code, $line);
}
#foreach my $i (0..$#code)
#{
#print "$code[$i]\n";
#}
#
foreach my $j (0..$#code)
{
if ($code[$j] =~ /^\s+\..*/)
{
print "$code[$j]\n";
$code[$j] =~ s/^\s+\.(.*)/\.$1\($1\)/g;
print "$code[$j]\n";
}
}
foreach my $k (0..$#code)
{
print $pr "$code[$k]\n";
}
close $pr;
The replacement pattern does something like .in1;(in1;) instead of .in1(in1); and .[31:0] ext;([31:0] ext;).
how to do it in better way?
Related
I am trying to parse data like:
header1
-------
var1 0
var2 5
var3 9
var6 1
header2
-------
var1 -3
var3 5
var5 0
Now I want to get e.g. var3 for header2. Whats the best way to do this?
So far I was parsing my files line-by-line via
open(FILE,"< $file");
while (my $line = <FILE>){
# do stuff
}
but I guess it's not possible to handle multiline parsing properly.
Now I am thinking to parse the file at once but wasn't successful so far...
my #Input;
open(FILE,"< $file");
while (<FILE>){ #Input = <FILE>; }
if (#Input =~ /header2/){
#...
}
The easier way to handle this is "paragraph mode".
local $/ = "";
while (<>) {
my ($header, $body) =~ /^([^\n]*)\n-+\n(.*)/s
or die("Bad data");
my #data = map [ split ], split /\n/, $body;
# ... Do something with $header and #data ...
}
The same can be achieved without messing with $/ as follows:
my #buf;
while (1) {
my $line = <>;
$line =~ s/\s+\z// if !defined($line);
if (!length($line)) {
if (#buf) {
my $header = shift(#buf);
shift(#buf);
my #data = map [ split ], splice(#buf);
# ... Do something with $header and #data ...
}
last if !defined($line);
next;
}
push #buf, $line;
}
(In fact, the second snippet includes a couple of small improvements over the first.)
Quick comments on your attempt:
The while loop is useless because #Input = <FILE> places the remaining lines of the file in #Input.
#Input =~ /header2/ matches header2 against the stringification of the array, which is the stringification of the number of elements in #Input. If you want to check of an element of #Input contains header2, will you will need to loop over the elements of #Inputs and check them individually.
while (<FILE>){ #Input = <FILE>; }
This doesn't make much sense. "While you can read a record from FILE, read all of the data on FILE into #Input". I think what you actually want is just:
my #Input = <FILE>;
if (#Input =~ /header2/){
This is quite strange too. The binding operator (=~) expects scalar operands, so it evaluates both operands in scalar context. That means #Input will be evaluated as the number of elements in #Input. That's an integer and will never match "header2".
A couple of approaches. Firstly a regex approach.
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use feature 'say';
my $file = 'file';
open my $fh, '<', $file or die $!;
my $data = join '', <$fh>;
if ($data =~ /header2.+var3 (.+?)\n/s) {
say $1;
} else {
say 'Not found';
}
The key to this is the /s on the m// operator. Without it, the two dots in the regex won't match newlines.
The other approach is more of a line by line parser.
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use feature 'say';
my $file = 'file';
open my $fh, '<', $file or die $!;
my $section = '';
while (<$fh>) {
chomp;
# if the line all word characters,
# then we've got a section header.
if ($_ !~ /\W/) {
$section = $_;
next;
}
my ($key, $val) = split;
if ($section eq 'header2' and $key eq 'var3') {
say $val;
last;
}
}
We read the file a line at a time and make a note of the section headers. For data lines, we split on whitespace and check to see if we're in the right section and have the right key.
In both cases, I've switched to using a more standard approach (lexical filehandles, 3-arg open(), or die $!) for opening the file.
how to count the specific word inputted in STDIN inside the text (PERL)
my output just count all the owrds found inside the text . but i need the specific word i inputted inside the STDIN
open my($file), '<','C:\Users\yukari\Desktop\hi.txt' or die "not exist";
print "Search the word:";
$word = <STDIN>;
print "\n";
while ( my $line = <$file> ) {
chomp($line);
# print $line;
foreach $word (split(' ', $line)) {
$count{$word}++;
}
}
foreach $word (sort keys %count) {
print "$word: $count{$word}\n";
}
I believe you want to get a word from the user and count the number of occurrences of that word in the entire text file.
You can try something like this:
use strict;
use warnings;
open(WRITE,'>','log.txt') or die "Unable to open the file";
my $string = <<END;
foo baz bar
baz bar bar foo
foo foo bar bar baz baz
baz baz baz
END
print WRITE $string;
close WRITE;
open(READ, '<','log.txt') or die "unable to open the file";
my $search = <STDIN>;
chomp $search;
my $count = 0;
while ( my $line = <READ> ) {
chomp($line);
my #words = split(' ',$line);
foreach my $word(#words){
$count++ if($word eq $search);
}
}
close READ;
print "Search string: $search, Count: $count","\n";
You have a problem here. You are using the variable $word for three different things.
You are using it as the word that you are searching for:
$word = <STDIN>;
You are using it to store each word on a line read from your file:
foreach $word (split(' ', $line)) {
And you are using it to contain the keys you are reading from your hash at the end.
foreach $word (sort keys %count) {
In particular, the second use is interfering with the first. When you are reading data from your file, you have no way of knowing what word you are looking for.
If you are looking for a single word, there is no need for a hash to store the counts. I'd write your code like this:
# ALWAYS INCLUDE THESE
use strict;
use warnings;
use feature 'say';
# Renamed your variable, it's a file handle, not a file.
# Also, include $! in error message so we know what really
# went wrong.
open my $fh, '<', 'C:\Users\yukari\Desktop\hi.txt'
or die "Can't open file: $!";
print "Search the word:";
my $search_word = <STDIN>;
print "\n";
# Scalar variable to store the count
my $count;
# Remove the $line variable and use Perl's default variable $_
# instead. This makes the code *far* cleaner.
while ( <$file> ) {
chomp;
# By default, split splits $_ on whitespace
foreach $word (split) {
# Skip words we don't care about
next if $word ne $search_word;
# Increment the counter
$count++;
}
}
say "$search_word appeared $word times";
I wrote this code and it works fine, it should find lines in which there's no string like 'SID' and append a pipe | at the beginning of the line, so like this: find all lines in which there's no 'SID' and append a pipe | at the beginning of the line. But how I wrote it, I can just output the lines which were changed and have a pipe. What I actually want: leave the file as it is and just append the pipes to the lines which match. Thank you.
#!usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use autodie;
my $fh;
open $fh, '<', 'file1.csv';
my $out = 'file2.csv';
open(FILE, '>', $out);
my $myline = "";
while (my $line = <$fh>) {
chomp $line;
unless ($line =~ m/^SID/) {
$line =~ m/^(.*)$/;
$myline = "\|$1";
}
print FILE $myline . "\n";
}
close $fh;
close FILE;
my file example:
SID,bla
foo bar <- my code adds the pipe to the beginning of this line
output should be like this:
SID,bla
| foo bar
but in my case I only print $myline, I know:
| foo bar
The line
$line =~ m/^(.*)$/
is misguided: all it does is put the contents of $line into $1, so the following statement
$myline = "\|$1"
may as well be
$myline = "|$line"
(The pipe | doesn't need escaping unless it is part of a regular expression.)
Since you are printing $myline at the end of your loop you are never seeing the contents of unmodified lines.
You can fix that by printing $line or $myline according to which one contains the required output, like this
while (my $line = <$fh>) {
chomp $line;
if ($line =~ m/^SID/) {
print "$line\n";
}
else {
my $myline = "|$line";
print "$myline\n";
}
}
or, much more simply, by dropping the intermediate variable and using the default $_ for the input lines, like this
while (<$fh>) {
print '|' unless /^SID/;
print;
}
Note that I have also removed the chomp as it just means you have to put the newline back on the end of the string when you print it.
Instead of creating a new variable $myline, use the one you already have:
while (my $line =<$fh>) {
$line = '|' . $line if $line !~ /^SID/;
print FILE $line;
}
Also, you can use lexical filehandle for the output file as well. Moreover, you should check the return value of open:
open my $OUT, '>', $out or die $!;
I have data like
"scott
E -45 COLLEGE LANE
BENGALI MARKET
xyz -785698."
"Tomm
D.No: 4318/3,Ansari Road, Dariya Gunj,
xbc - 289235."
I wrote one Perl program to extract names i.e;
open(my$Fh, '<', 'printable address.txt') or die "!S";
open(my$F, '>', 'names.csv') or die "!S";
while (my#line =<$Fh> ) {
for(my$i =0;$i<=13655;$i++){
if ($line[$i]=~/^"/) {
print $F $line[$i];
}
}
}
It works fine and it extracts names exactly .Now my aim is to extract address that is like
BENGALI MARKET
xyz -785698."
D.No: 4318/3,Ansari Road, Dariya Gunj,
xbc - 289235."
In CSV file. How to do this please tell me
There are a lot of flaws with your original problem. Should address those before suggesting any enhancements:
Always have use strict; and use warnings; at the top of every script.
Your or die "!S" statements are broken. The error code is actually in $!. However, you can skip the need to do that by just having use autodie;
Give your filehandles more meaningful names. $Fh and $F say nothing about what those are for. At minimum label them as $infh and $outfh.
The while (my #line = <$Fh>) { is flawed as that can just be reduced to my #line = <$Fh>;. Because you're going readline in a list context it will slurp the entire file, and the next loop it will exit. Instead, assign it to a scalar, and you don't even need the next for loop.
If you wanted to slurp your entire file into #line, your use of for(my$i =0;$i<=13655;$i++){ is also flawed. You should iterate to the last index of #line, which is $#line.
if ($line[$i]=~/^"/) { is also flawed as you leave the quote character " at the beginning of your names that you're trying to match. Instead add a capture group to pull the name.
With the suggested changes, the code reduces to:
use strict;
use warnings;
use autodie;
open my $infh, '<', 'printable address.txt';
open my $outfh, '>', 'names.csv';
while (my $line = <$infh>) {
if ($line =~ /^"(.*)/) {
print $outfh "$1\n";
}
}
Now if you also want to isolate the address, you can use a similar method as you did with the name. I'm going to assume that you might want to build the whole address in a variable so you can do something more complicated with it than throwing them blindly at a file. However, mirroring the file setup for now:
use strict;
use warnings;
use autodie;
open my $infh, '<', 'printable address.txt';
open my $namefh, '>', 'names.csv';
open my $addressfh, '>', 'address.dat';
my $address = '';
while (my $line = <$infh>) {
if ($line =~ /^"(.*)/) {
print $namefh "$1\n";
} elsif ($line =~ /(.*)"$/) {
$address .= $1;
print $addressfh "$address\n";
$address = '';
} else {
$address .= $line;
}
}
Ultimately, no matter what you want to use your data for, your best solution is probably to output it to a real CSV file using Text::CSV. That way it can be imported into a spreadsheet or some other system very easily, and you won't have to parse it again.
use strict;
use warnings;
use autodie;
use Text::CSV;
my $csv = Text::CSV->new ( { binary => 1, eol => "\n" } )
or die "Cannot use CSV: ".Text::CSV->error_diag ();
open my $infh, '<', 'printable address.txt';
open my $outfh, '>', 'address.csv';
my #data;
while (my $line = <$infh>) {
# Name Field
if ($line =~ /^"(.*)/) {
#data = ($1, '');
# End of Address
} elsif ($line =~ /(.*)"$/) {
$data[1] .= $1;
$csv->print($outfh, \#data);
# Address lines
} else {
$data[1] .= $line;
}
}
I'm new to Perl and I'm afraid I am stuck and wanted to ask if someone might be able to help me.
I have a file with two columns (tab separated) of oldname and newname.
I would like to use the oldname as key and newname as value and store it as a hash.
Then I would like to open a different file (gff file) and replace all the oldnames in there with the newnames and write it to another file.
I have given it my best try but am getting a lot of errors.
If you could let me know what I am doing wrong, I would greatly appreciate it.
Here are how the two files look:
oldname newname(SFXXXX) file:
genemark-scaffold00013-abinit-gene-0.18 SF130001
augustus-scaffold00013-abinit-gene-1.24 SF130002
genemark-scaffold00013-abinit-gene-1.65 SF130003
file to search and replace in (an example of one of the lines):
scaffold00013 maker gene 258253 258759 . - . ID=maker-scaffold00013-augustus-gene-2.187;Name=maker-scaffold00013-augustus-gene-2.187;
Here is my attempt:
#!/usr/local/bin/perl
use warnings;
use strict;
my $hashfile = $ARGV[0];
my $gfffile = $ARGV[1];
my %names;
my $oldname;
my $newname;
if (!defined $hashfile) {
die "Usage: $0 hash_file gff_file\n";
}
if (!defined $gfffile) {
die "Usage: $0 hash_file gff_file\n";
}
###save hashfile with two columns, oldname and newname, into a hash with oldname as key and newname as value.
open(HFILE, $hashfile) or die "Cannot open $hashfile\n";
while (my $line = <HFILE>) {
chomp($line);
my ($oldname, $newname) = split /\t/;
$names{$oldname} = $newname;
}
close HFILE;
###open gff file and replace all oldnames with newnames from %names.
open(GFILE, $gfffile) or die "Cannot open $gfffile\n";
while (my $line2 = <GFILE>) {
chomp($line2);
eval "$line2 =~ s/$oldname/$names{oldname}/g";
open(OUT, ">SFrenamed.gff") or die "Cannot open SFrenamed.gff: $!";
print OUT "$line2\n";
close OUT;
}
close GFILE;
Thank you!
Your main problem is that you aren't splitting the $line variable. split /\t/ splits $_ by default, and you haven't put anything in there.
This program builds the hash, and then constructs a regex from all the keys by sorting them in descending order of length and joining them with the | regex alternation operator. The sorting is necessary so that the longest of all possible choices is selected if there are any alternatives.
Every occurrence of the regex is replaced by the corresponding new name in each line of the input file, and the output written to the new file.
use strict;
use warnings;
die "Usage: $0 hash_file gff_file\n" if #ARGV < 2;
my ($hashfile, $gfffile) = #ARGV;
open(my $hfile, '<', $hashfile) or die "Cannot open $hashfile: $!";
my %names;
while (my $line = <$hfile>) {
chomp($line);
my ($oldname, $newname) = split /\t/, $line;
$names{$oldname} = $newname;
}
close $hfile;
my $regex = join '|', sort { length $b <=> length $a } keys %names;
$regex = qr/$regex/;
open(my $gfile, '<', $gfffile) or die "Cannot open $gfffile: $!";
open(my $out, '>', 'SFrenamed.gff') or die "Cannot open SFrenamed.gff: $!";
while (my $line = <$gfile>) {
chomp($line);
$line =~ s/($regex)/$names{$1}/g;
print $out $line, "\n";
}
close $out;
close $gfile;
Why are you using an eval? And $oldname is going to be undefined in the second while loop, because the first while loop you redeclare them in that scope (even if you used the outer scope, it would store the very last value that you processed, which wouldn't be helpful).
Take out the my $oldname and my $newname at the top of your script, it is useless.
Take out the entire eval line. You need to repeat the regex for each thing you want to replace. Try something like:
$line2 =~ s/$_/$names{$_}/g for keys %names;
Also see Borodin's answer. He made one big regex instead of a loop, and caught your lack of the second argument to split.