Using aptdcon from a script is useful to avoid collisions between 2 scripts updating a linux box at the same time. The problem is that this line:
sudo aptdcon --install "python-virtualenv"
It is asking for confirmation:
The following NEW package will be installed (1):
python-virtualenv
Do you want to continue [Y/n]?
It used to work fine (without asking for confirmation) on Ubuntu 14.04.
How could I make it work in a non-interactive way?
https://askubuntu.com/a/231859/117318 answered here.
yes | aptdcon --hide-terminal --install "package"
Hide Terminal is needed, else piping yes will cause issues. – whitehat101 Mar 17 '16 at 17:58
Related
I am attempting to debug some C# / .NET 5 code in WSL 2 with Ubuntu on Windows. I have WSL 2 setup with Windows 10 and want to test out creating a Systemd service. Unfortunately, it appears Systemd is not enabled with WSL 2 by default, even though a standard Ubuntu install does have it enabled by default. Is there any way to get Systemd enabled in WSL 2?
Note: See footnote at bottom of this answer for background on this Community Wiki.
There are several possible paths to enabling Systemd on WSL2 (but not WSL1). These are summarized here, with more detail provided below.
Option 1: Upgrade WSL to the latest application release (if supported by your system) and opt-in to the Systemd feature
Option 2: Run a Systemd-helper script designed for WSL2
Option 3: Manually run Systemd in its own namespace
And while not part of this question, for those simply looking to run certain applications that require Systemd, there are alternatives:
On WSL1 and WSL2:
Alternative 1: SysVInit scripts (e.g. sudo service <service_name> start) where available
Alternative 2: Manually configuring and running the service
On WSL2-only:
Alternative 3: Docker
Should you enable Systemd in WSL?
First, consider whether you should or need to enable Systemd in WSL. Enabling Systemd will automatically start a number of background services and tasks that you really may not need under WSL. As a result, it will also increase WSL startup times, although the impact will be dependent on your system. Check the Alternatives section below to see if there may be a better option that fits your needs. For example, the service command may do what you need without any additional effort.
More detail on each answer:
Option 1: Upgrade WSL to the latest application release (if supported by your system) and opt-in to the Systemd feature
Microsoft has now integrated Systemd support in the WSL2 application release (as opposed to the older "Windows feature" implementation).
Starting with WSL Application Release 1.0.0, this feature is available on both Windows 10 and Windows 11. Windows 10 users do need to be on UBR (update build revision) 2311 or later. The UBR is the last 4 digits of your full Windows build number (e.g. 10.0.19045.2311 for Windows 10 22H2). 2311 is installed with KB5020030, an optional Preview update, although if you are reading this later, it will likely be a later (non-Preview) monthly servicing update.
If you are on a supported Windows release, the WSL application with Systemd support can be installed:
Through the Microsoft Store (as "Windows Subsystem for Linux").
Or from the Releases page in the Github repo. To install a release manually:
Reboot (to make sure that WSL is not in use at all). A simple wsl --shutdown may work, but often will not.
Download the 1.0.0 (or later) release from the link above.
Start an Administrator PowerShell and:
Add-AppxPackage <path.to>/Microsoft.WSL_1.0.0.0_x64_ARM64.msixbundle
wsl --version # to confirm
To enable, start your Ubuntu (or other Systemd) distribution under WSL (typically just wsl ~ will work).
sudo -e /etc/wsl.conf
Add the following:
[boot]
systemd=true
Exit Ubuntu and again:
wsl --shutdown
Then restart Ubuntu.
sudo systemctl status
... should show your Systemd services.
Option 2: Run a Systemd-helper script designed for WSL2
There are a number of Systemd-enablement scripts available from various sources. Given the complexities involved in running Systemd under WSL, it is recommended that you:
Use one that is actively maintained
Attempt to understand, as much as possible, how they operate, and how they may impact other features and applications in your distribution(s) under WSL
When asking questions here or on any other site, disclose in the question which script you are using so that others can attempt to understand and/or reproduce your issue in the proper context
Several of the more popular projects that enable Systemd under WSL2 are:
Genie: 1.8k stars, last commit September, 2022
Distrod: 1.4k stars, last commit July 2022
WSL2-Hacks: 1.1k stars, mostly instructional, with a supporting script example. Last commit January, 2022
At the core, all of them operate on the same principles covered in the next option ...
Option 3: Manually run Systemd in its own namespace
One of the main issues with running Systemd in earlier versions of WSL is that both inits need to be PID 1. To get around this, it is possible to create a new namespace or container where Systemd can run as PID 1.
To see how this is done (at a very basic level):
Run:
sudo -b unshare --pid --fork --mount-proc /lib/systemd/systemd --system-unit=basic.target
This starts Systemd in a new namespace with its own PID mapping. Inside that namespace, Systemd will be PID1 (as it must, to function) and own all other processes. However, the "real" PID mapping still exists outside that namespace.
Note that this is a "bare minimum" command-line for starting Systemd. It will not have support for, at least:
Windows Interop (the ability to run Windows .exe)
The Windows PATH (which isn't necessary without Windows Interop anyway)
WSLg
The scripts and projects listed above do extra work to get these things working as well.
Wait a few seconds for Systemd to start up, then:
sudo -E nsenter --all -t $(pgrep -xo systemd) runuser -P -l $USER -c "exec $SHELL"
This enters the namespace, and you can now use ps -efH to see that systemd is running as PID 1 in that namespace.
At this point, you should be able to run systemctl.
And after proving to yourself that it's possible, it is recommended that you exit all WSL instances completely, then doing wsl --shutdown. Otherwise, some things will be "broken" until you do. They can likely be "fixed", but that's beyond the scope this answer. If you are interested, please refer to the projects listed above to see how they handle these situations.
Alternative 1: SysVInit scripts (e.g. sudo service <service_name> start) where available
In Ubuntu, Debian, and some other distributions on WSL, many of the common system services still have the "old" init.d scripts available to be used in place of systemctl with Systemd units. You can see these by using ls /etc/init.d/.
So, for example, you can start ssh with sudo service ssh start, and it will run the /etc/init.d/ssh script with the start argument.
Even some non-default packages such as MySql/MariaDB will install both the Systemd unit files and the old init.d scripts, so you can still use the service command for them as well.
On the hand, some packages, like Elasticsearch, only install Systemd units. And some distributions only provide Systemd units for most (if not all) packages in their repositories.
Alternative 2: Manually configuring and running the service
For those services that don't have a init-script equivalent, it can be possible to run them "manually".
For simplicity, let's assume that the ssh init.d script wasn't available.
In this case, the "answer" is to figure out what the Systemd unit files are doing and attempt to replicate that manually. This can vary widely in complexity. But I'd start with looking at the Systemd unit file that you are trying to run:
less /lib/systemd/system/ssh.service
# Trimmed
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/default/ssh
ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/sshd -t
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/sshd -D $SSHD_OPTS
RuntimeDirectory=sshd
RuntimeDirectoryMode=0755
Some of the less relevant lines have been trimmed to make it easier to parse, but you can man systemd.exec, man systemd.service, and others to see what most of the options do.
In this case, when you sudo systemctl start ssh, it:
Reads environment variables (the $SSHD_OPTS) from /etc/default/ssh
Tests the config, exits if there is a failure
Makes sure the RuntimeDirectory exists with the specified permissions. This translates to /run/sshd (from man systemd.exec). This also removes the runtime directory when you stop the service.
Runs /usr/sbin/sshd with options
So, if you don't have any environment-based config, you could just set up a script to:
Make sure the runtime directory exists. Note that, since it is in /run, which is a tmpfs mount, it will be deleted after every restart of the WSL instance.
Set the permissions to 0755
Start /usr/sbin/sshd as root
... And you would have done the same thing manually without Systemd.
Again, this is probably the simplest example. You might have much more to work through for more complex tasks.
Alternative 3: Docker
Many packages/services are available as Docker images. Docker typically runs very well under Ubuntu on WSL2 (specifically WSL2; it will not run on WSL1). If there's not a SysVinit "service" script for the service you are trying to start, there may very well be a Docker image available that runs in a containerized environment.
Example: Elasticsearch, as in this question.
Bonus #1: Doesn't interfere with other packages already installed (no dependency issues).
Bonus #2: The Docker images themselves pretty much never use Systemd, so you can often inspect the Dockerfile to see how the service is started without Systemd. For more information see the next option - "The manual way."
Microsoft recommends Docker Desktop for Windows for running Docker containers under WSL2.
Footnote This answer is being posted as a Community Wiki because it can apply to multiple Stack Overflow questions. It is originally based on answers to this Ask Ubuntu question. However, it is hoped that this wiki-answer can be continuously updated by the community as Systemd evolves on WSL.
This question has been chosen since:
It appears to be the most canonical, straightforward, "How do I enable Systemd on WSL?" question.
It is on-topic, as *creating Systemd services is (or at least can-be) unique to programming.
Similar to anaconda-navigator does not start,
I could not start anaconda-navigator after installation.
My system is:
NAME="openSUSE Tumbleweed"
# VERSION="20200826"
ID="opensuse-tumbleweed"
ID_LIKE="opensuse suse"
VERSION_ID="20200826"
PRETTY_NAME="openSUSE Tumbleweed"
ANSI_COLOR="0;32"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:opensuse:tumbleweed:20200826"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.opensuse.org"
HOME_URL="https://www.opensuse.org/"
LOGO="distributor-logo"
I ran:
(base) xxxx#xxxx:~> anaconda-navigator
,and got:
No protocol specified
qt.qpa.screen: QXcbConnection: Could not connect to display :0.0
Could not connect to any X display.
I installed it following https://docs.anaconda.com/anaconda/install/linux/ (dependencies, checked) and running bash ~/Downloads/Anaconda3-2020.07-Linux-x86_64.sh
anaconda-navigator does not start said a system update solved the problem. But, that didn't do it for me. There was no update left for zypper to do.
I can run conda and anaconda commands, but I can't run GUI software. What can I do?
I got the same error message.
With running
xhost +
first I can start anaconda-navigator. But this seems a rather desperate hack ....
When I run a simple command, it takes about 10 seconds to complete,
λ time gcloud version
Google Cloud SDK 293.0.0
beta 2019.05.17
bq 2.0.57
core 2020.05.15
gsutil 4.50
real 0m9.731s
user 0m0.735s
sys 0m1.690s
λ uname -a
Linux LAPTOP-U7E4CROH 4.19.104-microsoft-standard #1 SMP Wed Feb 19 06:37:35 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
λ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
Release: 20.04
Codename: focal
I should note that I do not experience this slow behavior on the same laptop but within a git-bash environment - I only see this within WSL2 / Ubuntu.
I have tried to google around and I have found these two questions on SO, but they are not helping me:
google compute engine tool gcloud is exceptionally slow
Why gcloud command is slow to start?
Any ideas on how I can solve this?
I have the same issue and it turns out that in WSL 2 when I run gcloud it actually turn to use the gcloud installed on my Windows system.
Somehow it is very slow if you run the Windows gcloud from WSL 2, which is also never my intention.
I just disable appending Windows PATH to my WSL PATH all together after this.
But you know the root cause.
For the sake of completeness, to disable this feature, edit the /etc/wsl.conf to add the following section:
[interop]
appendWindowsPath = false
and terminate the WSL distro (wsl.exe --terminate <distro_name>) to make it immediately effective.
I had the same issue, resolved it by reinstalling the SDK: https://cloud.google.com/sdk/docs/downloads-interactive#linux
You must reinstall using 'Interactive installation', which replaces the previous installation and updates the PATH.
'Non-interactive (silent) deployment' does not seem to improve the issue.
Hope this helps.
I had the same issue and the only solution that worked for me was to set an alias for the gcloud command such that it gets executed by cmd.exe like so:
# in ~/.bashrc
alias gcloud="cmd.exe /c gcloud"
Then simply restart your terminal or run $ source ~/.bashrc, and the alias will take effect.
Of course, this assumes you have the gcloud CLI installed and added to your windows PATH.
This is really frustrating me. I have a DO VPS with ubuntu 14.04 (64) installed.
I installed VestaCP as control panel on that and have hosted some PHP based personal project.
I also installed meteor on it but never used, now when I am trying to create a project and run it ('meteor create rt' then 'cd rt' then 'meteor')
It is giving the following error :
[[[[[ /home/admin/code/rt ]]]]]
=> Started proxy.
Unexpected mongo exit code 1. Restarting.
Unexpected mongo exit code 1. Restarting.
Unexpected mongo exit code 1. Restarting.
Can't start Mongo server.
root#RD:/home/admin/code/rt#
Could anyone please help? Please ask me for more informations if required.
**** EDIT ****
I created a fresh DigitalOcean server and it is giving the same error on that. Some issue with Digital Ocean? File System of Digital Ocean? I am confused. I am trying it on different flavours of Linux and same result. All are fresh linux installations.
I finally got the solution. Posting it here for others.
This was the problem as a few environment variables which mongodb looks for while starting was not set
Set the variables LC_ALL and LANG and it works fine (mostly setting LC_ALL will do)
first, type locale command and see the output, you will see that it will say something about LC_ALL not set.
Now, add these two lines in /etc/environment and it worked.
LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
This solution is for Ubuntu 12.04 +
Other variants may require similar work.
Unexpected mongo exit code 1 is still an uncaught exception as far as i think.
You can try by updating your c/c++ compilers uptodate. Have a look here.
It says :
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gcc-4.6
sudo apt-get install g++-4.6
All the best!
So we have narrowed the issue down to meteor's mongo installation on your box (though I think we were pretty sure of this all along). Let's attempt to debug that a bit. The way I have done this in the past is to try to open meteor's mongo with the mongod provided by meteor. You will perform these procedures without running the meteor server. This should give you the warning that is causing Mongo to exit. First you need to find this. In my instance installed on Mint (which should be similar to Ubuntu) it is at:
~/.meteor/packages/meteor-tool/.1.1.3.4sddkj++os.linux.x86_64+web.browser+web.cordova/mt-os.linux.x86_64/dev_bundle/mongodb/bin/mongod
You can look at that location on your Ubuntu box or you can run something like this to get the location:
find ~/.meteor/ -name mongod
Once you find the location then go to the directory of your meteor project you are attempting to run and in that directory you should find this location:
<your meteor project>/.meteor/local
cd into that directory and run the following command:
~/.meteor/packages/meteor-tool/.1.1.3.4sddkj++os.linux.x86_64+web.browser+web.cordova/mt-os.linux.x86_64/dev_bundle/mongodb/bin/mongod --dbpath ./
From there you can analyze the output (or update the question so we can see the output) and this should show you the mongo error you are receiving on startup and allow you to fix it.
I've got the same issues trying to start a meteor app and exactly the mongodb server is being terminated in an unexpectly manner. Generally the virtual linux server from some dealers like the one you mentioned are coming without a swap partition (check in /etc/fstab file) so if you have not enough memory to allocate MongoDB server then meteor app can't be started. You can create a swap partition or instal swapspace
sudo apt-get install swapspace
After that I was able to start the meteor app... Just be patient as swap memory is not as faster as RAM.
Since due some "smart" StackExchange policy I cannot up-vote or comment to working solution...)
Quoted answer works also on Digital Ocean on CentOS 7 x64 vmlinuz-3.10.0-123.8.1.el7.x86_64
first, type locale command and see the output, you will see that it will say something about LC_ALL not set.
Now, add these two lines in /etc/environment and it worked.
I changed the locale setting to match my needs.
Fixed on my Debian 8 with the following bash command, (use sudo if needed)
localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
I am coding a custom module on Oerp7 on Xubuntu 12.04, and today, suddently (after some moduifications in the code I think), the restart server command still do not affecting my module.
i restart with this command :
sudo /etc/init.d/openerp-server restart
but the compiled (.pyc) files stayed unchange.
If I delete the module in the addons dir, the module don't properly work giving me a message saying that models are absent. that is normal; but why restart don't change anything. even if I modify the init.py or openerp.py files.
According tome is as restarting by this command now make nothing, while yesterday it did.
So, please, how could I fix that now.
You need to have -u modulename in the command line that starts the OpenERP server. So either modify the /etc/init.d/openerp-server script to have it there, or just start the server manually while you are developing.
Try
sudo /etc/init.d/openerp-server stop
ps aux | grep openerp
to see if the server really stopped.
Start the server with
sudo /etc/init.d/openerp-server start
Look also in the logs (/var/log/openerp/openerp-server.log for ex.) to see what heppens.