I installed postres using pacman on Manjaro.
When I do:
su postgres
postgres -D ~/data >~/logs/log
I get
FATAL: could not create lock file "/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432.lock": No such file or directory
And so, every time I boot up I have to
sudo su
mkdir /run/posgresql
chown postgres:postgres /run/posgresql
I tried creating /etc/systemd/system/postgresql.service as described in https://www.postgresql.org/docs/10/server-start.html, but the service doesn't run on startup?
Why isn't the folder persisting after reboot? Is there a better way of starting up postgres? What am I missing?
Using the "service" approach is the proper way. It will ensure the creation of the lockfile for you. If you want it to autostart, you need to run the enable command on your service.
systemctl enable postgresql
I am quite new in Arch and a total beginner in PostgreSQL, so this may be a very basic question.
I installed postgresql 11.5-4 from extra and pgadmin 4 from AUR, both seem to be running well.
I created a test DB with the following command:
initdb -D /home/lg/test-db
I got the answer:
You can start the db-server using:
pg_ctl -D /home/lg/test-db -l logdatei start
I tried that and got:
pg_ctl -D /home/lg/test-db -l logdatei start
waiting for serer to start.... stopped
pg_ctl: could not start the server
check the log.
The log only says that the lockfile »/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432.lock« could not be created, because the folder could not be found. Under /run is no folder called "postgresql". I suppose postgresql can not create this folder, because it does not have the permission. Several posts online posts suggest to change the user/owner of the db to sudo, however. Postgresql prevents this, however. When I try any command as sudo, postgresql tells me that this command can't be run as root. There must be some very basic error in my thinking here, but I have not worked it out for 3 hours.
You'll have to remove /run/postgresql from unix_socket_directories in postgresql.conf before starting the server.
Probably You have /var/run symlinked to /run and run is on tmpfs. You should add something like d /run/postgresql 0755 postgres postgres - into /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/postgresql.conf
I am using Ubuntu server. I am trying to install postgresql on it. when I try to start postgres using
sudo service postgresql start
it result me into
*No PostgreSQL clusters exist; see "man pg_createcluster"
and when I try to create cluster using command pg_createcluster --start 9.6 main (*9.6 is my postgres version)
The result is as follows
Creating new PostgreSQL cluster 9.6/main ...
/usr/lib/postgresql/9.6/bin/initdb -D /var/lib/postgresql/9.6/main --
auth-local peer --auth-host md5
initdb: could not look up effective user ID 108: Permission denied
Error: initdb failed
I am not able to figure out what is the issue please help.
It looks like your /etc/passwd is not readable. I'm not sure which distro would require it, but it is a problem for initdb.
I believe fast solution would be running as root chmod 644 /etc/passwd
And follow with
/usr/lib/postgresql/9.6/bin/pg_ctl -D /usr/local/pgsql/data -l logfile start
command
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I'm using the PostgreSQL database for my Ruby on Rails application (on Mac OS X 10.9).
Are there any detailed instructions on how to upgrade PostgreSQL database?
I'm afraid I will destroy the data in the database or mess it up.
Assuming you've used home-brew to install and upgrade Postgres, you can perform the following steps.
Stop current Postgres server:
launchctl unload ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.postgresql.plist
Initialize a new 10.1 database:
initdb /usr/local/var/postgres10.1 -E utf8
run pg_upgrade (note: change bin version if you're upgrading from something other than below):
pg_upgrade -v \
-d /usr/local/var/postgres \
-D /usr/local/var/postgres10.1 \
-b /usr/local/Cellar/postgresql/9.6.5/bin/ \
-B /usr/local/Cellar/postgresql/10.1/bin/
-v to enable verbose internal logging
-d the old database cluster configuration directory
-D the new database cluster configuration directory
-b the old PostgreSQL executable directory
-B the new PostgreSQL executable directory
Move new data into place:
cd /usr/local/var
mv postgres postgres9.6
mv postgres10.1 postgres
Restart Postgres:
launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.postgresql.plist
Check /usr/local/var/postgres/server.log for details and to make sure the new server started properly.
Finally, re-install the rails pg gem
gem uninstall pg
gem install pg
I suggest you take some time to read the PostgreSQL documentation to understand exactly what you're doing in the above steps to minimize frustrations.
Despite all answers above, here goes my 5 cents.
It works on any OS and from any-to-any postgres version.
Stop any running postgres instance;
Install the new version and start it; Check if you can connect to the new version as well;
Change old version's postgresql.conf -> port from 5432 to 5433;
Start the old version postgres instance;
Open a terminal and cd to the new version bin folder;
Run pg_dumpall -p 5433 -U <username> | psql -p 5432 -U <username>
Stop old postgres running instance;
Here is the solution for Ubuntu users
First we have to stop postgresql
sudo /etc/init.d/postgresql stop
Create a new file called /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list and add below line
deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ utopic-pgdg main
Follow below commands
wget -q -O - https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install postgresql-9.4
sudo pg_dropcluster --stop 9.4 main
sudo /etc/init.d/postgresql start
Now we have everything, just need to upgrade it as below
sudo pg_upgradecluster 9.3 main
sudo pg_dropcluster 9.3 main
That's it. Mostly upgraded cluster will run on port number 5433. Check it with below command
sudo pg_lsclusters
If you are using homebrew and homebrew services, you can probably just do:
brew services stop postgresql
brew upgrade postgresql
brew postgresql-upgrade-database
brew services start postgresql
I think this might not work completely if you are using advanced postgres features, but it worked perfectly for me.
Update: This process is the same for upgrading 9.5 through at least 11.5; simply modify the commands to reflect versions 9.6 and 10, where 9.6 is the old version and 10 is the new version. Be sure to adjust the "old" and "new" directories accordingly, too.
I just upgraded PostgreSQL 9.5 to 9.6 on Ubuntu and thought I'd share my findings, as there are a couple of OS/package-specific nuances of which to be aware.
(I didn't want to have to dump and restore data manually, so several of the other answers here were not viable.)
In short, the process consists of installing the new version of PostgreSQL alongside the old version (e.g., 9.5 and 9.6), and then running the pg_upgrade binary, which is explained in (some) detail at https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.6/static/pgupgrade.html .
The only "tricky" aspect of pg_upgrade is that failure to pass the correct value for an argument, or failure to be logged-in as the correct user or cd to the correct location before executing a command, may lead to cryptic error messages.
On Ubuntu (and probably Debian), provided you are using the "official" repo, deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ xenial-pgdg main, and provided you haven't changed the default filesystem paths or runtime options, the following procedure should do the job.
Install the new version (note that we specify the 9.6, explicitly):
sudo apt install postgresql-9.6
Once installation succeeds, both versions will be running side-by-side, but on different ports. The installation output mentions this, at the bottom, but it's easy to overlook:
Creating new cluster 9.6/main ...
config /etc/postgresql/9.6/main
data /var/lib/postgresql/9.6/main
locale en_US.UTF-8
socket /var/run/postgresql
port 5433
Stop both server instances (this will stop both at the same time):
sudo systemctl stop postgresql
Switch to the dedicated PostgreSQL system user:
su postgres
Move into his home directory (failure to do this will cause errors):
cd ~
pg_upgrade requires the following inputs (pg_upgrade --help tells us this):
When you run pg_upgrade, you must provide the following information:
the data directory for the old cluster (-d DATADIR)
the data directory for the new cluster (-D DATADIR)
the "bin" directory for the old version (-b BINDIR)
the "bin" directory for the new version (-B BINDIR)
These inputs may be specified with "long names", to make them easier to visualize:
-b, --old-bindir=BINDIR old cluster executable directory
-B, --new-bindir=BINDIR new cluster executable directory
-d, --old-datadir=DATADIR old cluster data directory
-D, --new-datadir=DATADIR new cluster data directory
We must also pass the --new-options switch, because failure to do so results in the following:
connection to database failed: could not connect to server: No such file or directory
Is the server running locally and accepting
connections on Unix domain socket "/var/lib/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.50432"?
This occurs because the default configuration options are applied in the absence of this switch, which results in incorrect connection options being used, hence the socket error.
Execute the pg_upgrade command from the new PostgreSQL version:
/usr/lib/postgresql/9.6/bin/pg_upgrade --old-bindir=/usr/lib/postgresql/9.5/bin --new-bindir=/usr/lib/postgresql/9.6/bin --old-datadir=/var/lib/postgresql/9.5/main --new-datadir=/var/lib/postgresql/9.6/main --old-options=-cconfig_file=/etc/postgresql/9.5/main/postgresql.conf --new-options=-cconfig_file=/etc/postgresql/9.6/main/postgresql.conf
Logout of the dedicated system user account:
exit
The upgrade is now complete, but, the new instance will bind to port 5433 (the standard default is 5432), so keep this in mind if attempting to test the new instance before "cutting-over" to it.
Start the server as normal (again, this will start both the old and new instances):
systemctl start postgresql
If you want to make the new version the default, you will need to edit the effective configuration file, e.g., /etc/postgresql/9.6/main/postgresql.conf, and ensure that the port is defined as such:
port = 5432
If you do this, either change the old version's port number to 5433 at the same time (before starting the services), or, simply remove the old version (this will not remove your actual database content; you would need to use apt --purge remove postgresql-9.5 for that to happen):
apt remove postgresql-9.5
The above command will stop all instances, so you'll need to start the new instance one last time with:
systemctl start postgresql
As a final point of note, don't forget to consider pg_upgrade's good advice:
Upgrade Complete
----------------
Optimizer statistics are not transferred by pg_upgrade so,
once you start the new server, consider running:
./analyze_new_cluster.sh
Running this script will delete the old cluster's data files:
./delete_old_cluster.sh
The user manual covers this topic in depth. You can:
pg_upgrade in-place; or
pg_dump and pg_restore.
If in doubt, do it with dumps. Don't delete the old data directory, just keep it in case something goes wrong / you make a mistake; that way you can just go back to your unchanged 9.3 install.
For details, see the manual.
If you're stuck, post a detailed question explaining how you're stuck, where, and what you tried first. It depends a bit on how you installed PostgreSQL too, as there are several different "distributions" of PostgreSQL for OS X (unfortunately). So you'd need to provide that info.
Standing on the shoulders of the other poor creatures trodding through this muck, I was able to follow these steps to get back up and running after an upgrade to Yosemite:
Assuming you've used home-brew to install and upgrade Postgres, you can perform the following steps.
Stop current Postgres server:
launchctl unload ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.postgresql.plist
Initialize a new 9.4 database:
initdb /usr/local/var/postgres9.4 -E utf8
Install postgres 9.3 (as it was no longer present on my machine):
brew install homebrew/versions/postgresql93
Add directories removed during Yosemite upgrade:
mkdir -p /usr/local/var/postgres/{pg_tblspc,pg_twophase,pg_stat_tmp}/touch /usr/local/var/postgres/{pg_tblspc,pg_twophase,pg_stat_tmp}/.keep
run pg_upgrade:
pg_upgrade -v -d /usr/local/var/postgres -D /usr/local/var/postgres9.4 -b /usr/local/Cellar/postgresql93/9.3.5/bin/ -B /usr/local/Cellar/postgresql/9.4.0/bin/
Move new data into place:
cd /usr/local/var
mv postgres postgres9.3
mv postgres9.4 postgres
Restart Postgres:
launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.postgresql.plist
Check /usr/local/var/postgres/server.log for details and to make sure the new server started properly.
Finally, re-install related libraries?
pip install --upgrade psycopg2
gem uninstall pg
gem install pg
Looks like the solution has been baked into Homebrew now:
$ brew info postgresql
...
==> Caveats
To migrate existing data from a previous major version of PostgreSQL run:
brew postgresql-upgrade-database
....
On Windows I kept facing different errors messages when trying to use pg_upgrade.
Saved a lot of time for me to just:
Backup DB
Uninstall all copies of PostgreSQL
Install 9.5
Restore DB
This did it for me.
https://gist.github.com/dideler/60c9ce184198666e5ab4
Short and to the point. I honestly don't aim to understand the guts of PostgreSQL, I want to get stuff done.
My solution for upgrading from Postgresql 11 to Postgresql 12 on Windows 10 is the following.
As a first remark you will need to be able stop and start the Postgresql service. You can do this by the following commands in Powershell.
Start:
pg_ctl start -D “d:\postgresql\11\data”
Stop:
pg_ctl stop -D “d:\postgresql\11\data”
Status:
pg_ctl status -D “d:\postgresql\11\data”
It would be wise to make a backup before doing the upgrade. The Postgresql 11 instance must be running. Then to copy the globals do
pg_dumpall -U postgres -g -f d:\bakup\postgresql\11\globals.sql
and then for each database
pg_dump -U postgres -Fc <database> > d:\backup\postgresql\11\<database>.fc
or
pg_dump -U postgres -Fc -d <database> -f d:\backup\postgresql\11\<database>.fc
If not already done install Postgresql 12 (as Postgresql 11 is also installed this will be on port 5433)
Then to do the upgrade as follows:
1) Stop Postgresql 11 service (see above)
2) Edit the postgresql.conf file in d:\postgresql\12\data and change port = 5433 to port = 5432
3) Edit the windows user environment path (windows start then type env) to point to Postgresql 12 instead of Postresql 11
4) Run upgrade by entering the following command.
pg_upgrade `
-b “c:\program files\postgresql\11\bin” `
-B “c:\program files\postgresql\12\bin” `
-d “d:\postgresql\11\data” `
-D “d:\postgresql\12\data” --username=postgres
(In powershell use backtick (or backquote) ` to continue the command on the next line)
5) and finally start the new Postgresql 12 service
pg_ctl start -D “d:\postgresql\12\data”
My solution was to do a combination of these two resources:
https://gist.github.com/tamoyal/2ea1fcdf99c819b4e07d
and
http://www.gab.lc/articles/migration_postgresql_9-3_to_9-4
The second one helped more then the first one. Also to not, don't follow the steps as is as some are not necessary.
Also, if you are not being able to backup the data via postgres console, you can use alternative approach, and backup it with pgAdmin 3 or some other program, like I did in my case.
Also, the link: https://help.ubuntu.com/stable/serverguide/postgresql.html
Helped to set the encrypted password and set md5 for authenticating the postgres user.
After all is done, to check the postgres server version run in terminal:
sudo -u postgres psql postgres
After entering the password run in postgres terminal:
SHOW SERVER_VERSION;
It will output something like:
server_version
----------------
9.4.5
For setting and starting postgres I have used command:
> sudo bash # root
> su postgres # postgres
> /etc/init.d/postgresql start
> /etc/init.d/postgresql stop
And then for restoring database from a file:
> psql -f /home/ubuntu_username/Backup_93.sql postgres
Or if doesn't work try with this one:
> pg_restore --verbose --clean --no-acl --no-owner -h localhost -U postgres -d name_of_database ~/your_file.dump
And if you are using Rails do a bundle exec rake db:migrate after pulling the code :)
For Mac via homebrew:
brew tap petere/postgresql,
brew install <formula> (eg: brew install petere/postgresql/postgresql-9.6)
Remove old Postgres:
brew unlink postgresql
brew link -f postgresql-9.6
If any error happen, don't forget to read and follow brew instruction in each step.
Check this out for more: https://github.com/petere/homebrew-postgresql
On Windows 10 since I had npm, I installed rimraf package. npm install rimraf -g
Backup all your databases one by one using command pg_dump -U $username --format=c --file=$mydatabase.sqlc $dbname
Then Installed Latest PostgreSQL Version i.e. 11.2 which prompted me to use port 5433 this time.
Followed by Uninstall of older versions of PostgreSQL mine was 10. Note the uninstaller may give a warning of not deleting folder C:\PostgreSQL\10\data. That's why we have the next step using rimraf to permanently delete the folder and it's sub-folders.
change into PostgreSQL install directory and ran the command rimraf 10. 10 is a directory name. Note use your older version of PostgreSQL i.e. 9.5 or something.
Now add C:\PostgreSQL\pg11\bin, C:\PostgreSQL\pg11\lib into the Windows environmental variables. Note my new installed version is 11 thus why I am using pg11.
Navigate to C:\PostgreSQL\data\pg11 then open postgresql.conf edit port = 5433 to port = 5432
That's it. Open cmd and type psql -U postgres
You can now restore all your backed databases one by one using the command pg_restore -U $username --dbname=$databasename $filename
I think this is best link for your solution to update postgres to 9.6
https://sandymadaan.wordpress.com/2017/02/21/upgrade-postgresql9-3-9-6-in-ubuntu-retaining-the-databases/
I find I have the wreckage of two old PostgreSQL installations on Ubuntu 10.04:
$ pg_lsclustersVersion Cluster Port Status Owner Data directory Log file
Use of uninitialized value in printf at /usr/bin/pg_lsclusters line 38.
8.4 main 5432 down /var/lib/postgresql/8.4/main /var/log/postgresql/postgresql-8.4-main.log
Use of uninitialized value in printf at /usr/bin/pg_lsclusters line 38.
9.1 main 5433 down /var/lib/postgresql/9.1/main /var/log/postgresql/postgresql-9.1-main.log
$
Attempts to perform basic functions return errors, for instance:
createuser: could not connect to database postgres: could not connect to server: No such file or directory
Is the server running locally and accepting
connections on Unix domain socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432"?
More information comes when I try to start the database server:
$ sudo /etc/init.d/postgresql start
* Starting PostgreSQL 9.1 database server
* Error: The cluster is owned by user id 109 which does not exist any more
...fail!
$
My question: how do I completely remove both clusters and set up a new one? I've tried removing, purging, and reinstalling postgresql, following the advice here: https://stackoverflow.com/a/2748644/621762. Now pg_lsclusters shows no clusters in existence, but the No such file or directory error persists when I try to createuser, createdb or run psql. What have I failed to do?
First, that answer you linked to was pretty unsafe - hand-editing /etc/passwd ?!? dselect where an apt wildcard would do? Crazy stuff. I'm not surprised you're having issues.
As for the no such file or directory messages: You need to make sure you have a running PostgreSQL server ("cluster") before you can use admin commands like createdb, because they make a connection to the server. The No such file or directory message is telling you that the server doesn't exist or isn't running.
Here's what's happening:
Ubuntu uses pg_wrapper to manage multiple concurrent PostgreSQL instances. The issues you're having are really with pg_wrapper.
Ideally you would've just used pg_dropcluster to get rid of the unwanted clusters. Unfortunately, by following bad advice it sounds like you've got your system into a bit of a messed-up state where the PostgreSQL packages are half-installed and kind of mangled. You need to either repair the install, or totally clean it out.
I'd clean it out. I'd recommend:
Verify that pg_lsclusters lists no database clusters
apt-get --purge remove postgresql\* - this is important
Remove /etc/postgresql/
Remove /etc/postgresql-common
Remove /var/lib/postgresql
userdel -r postgres
groupdel postgres
apt-get install postgresql-common postgresql-9.1 postgresql-contrib-9.1 postgresql-doc-9.1
It's possible that the apt-get --purge step will fail because you've removed the user IDs, etc. Re-creating the postgres user ID with useradd -r -u 109 postgres should allow you to re-run the purge successfully then delete the user afterwards.
This answer is not directly about removing a postgres instance, rather, about resoliving the issue,
Error: The cluster is owned by user ...
I got this error while trying to spin up a docker container pointed to a postgres data directory that was produced via a different container (on a different host machine).
The error is directly related to directory ownership. In my case, the system was unable to find the user that certain postgres directories was owned by in the current environment. By re-owning those directories to the right user resolves the issue. Following is an example mapping (that worked for me):
chown -R postgres:postgres /var/lib/postgresql
chown -R postgres:postgres /etc/postgresql
chown -R postgres:postgres /var/log/postgresql
chown -R postgres:postgres /var/run/postgresql