Am trying to implement this piece of code in my project.
private protocol AnyOptional {
var isNil: Bool { get }
}
extension Optional: AnyOptional {
var isNil: Bool { self == nil }
}
I saw it on SwiftBySundell https://www.swiftbysundell.com/articles/property-wrappers-in-swift/.
But unfortunately am getting this error "Extension of protocol 'Optional' cannot have an inheritance clause". Although when I tried the same code on a playground it worked just fine. Any idea why?
Check to make sure that the Optional type name isn't being overridden by a third-party module (or your own module even). If it is, then you can use Swift.Optional instead to refer to the Optional enum built into Swift.
Related
I'm trying to create an extension on Set that uses a where clause so that it only works on a struct I have that accepts a generic. But I keep running into errors about it the extension wanting the generic to be defined in the struct
In this example I'm getting the following error, with the compiler hint suggesting I use <Any>: Reference to generic type 'Test' requires arguments in <...>
struct Test<T> {
var value : T
func printIt() {
print("value")
}
}
extension Set where Element == Test {
}
However, when I use <Any> in the struct, I'm getting this error: Same-type constraint type 'Test' does not conform to required protocol 'Equatable'
extension Set where Element == Test<Any> {
}
Any suggestions on how to get the where clause to accept the Test struct for any type I'm using in the generic?
Thanks for your help
This is a limitation of Swift's type system. There's no way to talk about generic types without concrete type parameters, even when those type parameters are unrelated to the use of the type. For this particular situation (an extension for all possible type parameters), I don't believe there's any deep problem stopping this. It's a simpler version of parameterized extensions, which is a desired feature. It's just not supported (though there is an implementation in progress).
The standard way to address this today is with a protocol.
First, a little cleanup that's not related to your question (and you probably already know). Your example requires Test to be Hashable:
struct Test<T: Hashable>: Hashable {
var value : T
func printIt() {
print("value")
}
}
Make a protocol that requires whatever pieces you want for the extension, and make Test conform:
protocol PrintItable {
func printIt()
}
extension Test: PrintItable {}
And then use the protocol rather than the type:
extension Set where Element: PrintItable {
func printAll() {
for item in self { item.printIt() }
}
}
let s: Set<Test<Int>> = [Test(value: 1)]
s.printAll() // value
Just one more note on the error messages you're getting. The first error, asking you to add Any is really just complaining that Swift can't talk about unparameterized generics, and suggesting it's fallback type when it doesn't know what type to suggests: Any.
But Set<Any> isn't "any kind of Set." It's a Set where Element == Any. So Any has to be Hashable, which isn't possible. And a Set<Int> isn't a subtype of Set<Any>. There' completely different types. So the errors are a little confusing and take you down an unhelpful road.
This is not possible. The where clause requires a specific data type and simply passing a Test will not work unless I specify something more concrete like Test<String>.
Thank you to Joakim and flanker for answering the question in the comments
If you want to add extension for Set with where clause your Test must confirm to Hashable protocol.
Your Struct must look like this.
struct Test<T: Hashable> : Hashable {
var value : T
func printIt() {
print("value")
}
func hash(into hasher: inout Hasher) {
hasher.combine(value.hashValue)
}
}
So you can't use Any for your extension you must specify type that confirm to Hashable protocol.
Since Swift 4, objects have gained subscript(keyPath:) which can be used to retrieve values using AnyKeyPath and its subclasses. According to the Swift book, the subscript is available on all types. For example, an instance of a class TestClass may be subscripted with an AnyKeyPath like so:
class TestClass {
let property = true
}
let anyKeyPath = \TestClass.property as AnyKeyPath
_ = TestClass()[keyPath: anyKeyPath]
This compiles correctly as expected. Use of any other valid subclass would also compile including PartialKeyPath<TestClass>, KeyPath<TestClass, Bool>, etc. This functionality is unavailable in a protocol extension. For example, the following is invalid:
class TestClass {
let property = true
}
protocol KeyPathSubscriptable {
}
extension KeyPathSubscriptable {
func test() {
let anyKeyPath = \TestClass.property as AnyKeyPath
_ = self[keyPath: anyKeyPath] // Value of type 'Self' has no subscripts
}
}
If we want to use that keyPath subscript in the protocol, we can include it in the protocol definition. However, the compiler will not resolve it automatically:
protocol KeyPathSubscriptable {
subscript(keyPath: AnyKeyPath) -> Any? { get }
}
extension KeyPathSubscriptable {
func test() {
let anyKeyPath = \TestClass.property as AnyKeyPath // This can be any valid KeyPath
_ = self[keyPath: anyKeyPath]
}
}
class TestClass: KeyPathSubscriptable { // Type 'TestObject' does not conform to protocol 'KeyPathSubscriptable'
let property = true
}
With this, we get a compile error: Type 'TestObject' does not conform to protocol 'KeyPathSubscriptable'. In order to resolve this, we must include a redundant implementation of that subscript in TestClass:
class TestClass: KeyPathSubscriptable {
let property = true
subscript(keyPath: AnyKeyPath) -> Any? {
fatalError() // This is never executed
}
}
This resolves the conformance issue and produces the goal result although it is seemingly unnecessary and illogical. I'm not sure how, but the subscript implementation is never even used. It's finding the expected implementation of subscript(keyPath:) and using that instead, but how? Where is that and is there any way to use it in a protocol? Why is this required by the compiler even though it's never used?
The context of this use case is in a logging module. The goal is that an object should be able to adopt a particular protocol which, with no additional setup on the object, would provide a human readable description of the object, instead of the default for many objects which is a memory address. The protocol would use Mirror to fetch KeyPaths of an object, read the values, and print them to the console. It is intended for debugging purposes and would not run in any production environment.
Please let me know if I can make any clarifications. I may post this to the Swift team if others think that this could potentially be a bug of sorts. All help is appreciated. Thanks in advance.
Full gist located here.
I got this code:
protocol Protocol {
var id: Int { get }
}
extension Array where Element: Protocol {
func contains(_protocol: Protocol) -> Bool {
return contains(where: { $0.id == _protocol.id })
}
}
class Class {
func method<T: Protocol>(_protocol: T) {
var arr = [Protocol]()
// Does compile
let contains = arr.contains(where: { $0.id == _protocol.id })
// Doens't compile
arr.contains(_protocol: _protocol)
}
}
Why doesn't the line of code compile where I commented 'Doens't compile'? This is the error:
Incorrect argument label in call (have '_protocol:', expected 'where:')
When I change the method name in the extension to something else, like containz (and ofcourse change the name of the method that calls it to containz), I get this error when I try to call it:
Using 'Protocol' as a concrete type conforming to protocol 'Protocol' is not supported
But why doesn't it work when I try to call it through an extension, but it does work when I create the function in the extension directly? There isn't really any difference that I can see.
I agree with matt that the underlying answer is Protocol doesn't conform to itself?, but it's probably worth answering anyway, since in this case the answer is very simple. First, read the linked question about why [Protocol] doesn't work the way you think it does (especially Hamish's answer, which is much more extensive than the accepted answer that I wrote). [Protocol] does not match the where Element: Protocol clause because Protocol is not a concrete type that conforms to Protocol (because it's not a concrete type).
But you don't need [Protocol] here. You have T: Protocol, so you can (and should) just use that:
var arr = [T]()
With that change, the rest should work as you expect because T is a concrete type that conforms to Protocol.
I'm trying to migrate my app to Swift 3 but I have troubles.
The code section that struggles me is:
extension JSON: Swift.BooleanType {
//Optional bool
public var bool: Bool? {
get {
switch self.type {
case .bool:
return self.object.boolValue
default:
return nil
}
}
set {
if newValue != nil {
self.object = NSNumber(value: newValue! as Bool)
} else {
self.object = NSNull()
}
}
}
On first line is where xCode throws an error:
extension JSON: Swift.BooleanType {
The error says: Inheritance from non-protocol type 'BooleanType' (aka 'Bool')
Does anybody know what's happening there?
Simplest solution is here,
Bad : extension JSON: Swift.BooleanType {
Good : extension JSON: {
Reason : Admittedly, I am using this to modify SwiftyJSON which is a framework for processing JSON data. In doing some research it seems that they didn't allow BooleanType to allow for inheritance. The suggested means of dealing with this is simply to remove the type.
link is given : https://forums.developer.apple.com/thread/53405
Protocols are Swift's equivalent of Java interfaces. If you've never worked with interfaces before, they're classes absent of any concrete implementation. They exist to describe the skeleton of a class (the attribute and method names it should have) without actually implementing them so that other classes that inherit from the interface can flesh them out later. In Swift they're particularly useful for implementing the Delegate pattern.
Boolean is not a protocol. It is very much a living, breathing concrete Type with an existing implementation. To do what you want to do you either need to override the existing get/set method for Boolean type or create your own Boolean type as described in the official Apple Swift Blog.
I just defined a very simple protocol and a a class using generics which can handle this protocol.
In the lines marked with error you will get the error: "Cannot assign to 'flag' in 'aObj'.
protocol Flag {
var flag: Bool {get set}
}
class TestFlag<T: Flag> {
func toggle(aObj: T) {
if aObj.flag {
aObj.flag = false; // <--- error
} else {
aObj.flag = true; // <--- error
}
}
}
Do you have an idea why and what I have to change to fix it?
From the docs:
Function parameters are constants by default. Trying to change the
value of a function parameter from within the body of that function
results in a compile-time error. This means that you can’t change the
value of a parameter by mistake.
In this case, you can add inout so that the toggle is persisted beyond your function call:
func toggle(inout aObj: T) {
if aObj.flag {
aObj.flag = false;
else {
aObj.flag = true;
}
}
You could have also done:
func toggle(var aObj: T) {
}
but that might not achieve what you wanted.
manojlds answer is correct and therefore I accepted it.
Nevertheless there was a similar answer some days ago with the same solution but with a other argumentation (seems now deleted).
The argumentation was about that the compliler can not know if the protocol is used for a class, a struct or a enum. With Swift, protocols can by applied on all this types. But struct instances use a by-value call and for classes instances (objects) it us a by-reference call.
From my perspective this answer was correct too, because you can solve the problem with a 2nd solution:
#objc
protocol Flag {
var flag: Bool {get set}
}
Just add the #obj attriute on the protocol. As a result you can use this protocol only for a class which lead to the result only by-refernece calls are allowd. Therefore the compiler don't need anymore the inout information.
But I searched for a solution to increase the reuse of the protocol and use now manojlds suggestions.