I'm trying to create a drop down menu using swift UI. I'm actually implementing this into a UIKit project.
The basic functionality I am going for should be that the user clicks on a label with a certain data unit on it and a list expands with other units of measure that can be selected.
Here is my SwiftUI code:
import SwiftUI
#available(iOS 14.0.0, *)
struct DataUnitDropDown: View {
var units = ["ltr", "usg", "impg"]
#State private var selectedDataUnit = 0
#State private var isExpanded = false
var body: some View {
VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 15) {
DisclosureGroup(units[selectedDataUnit], isExpanded: $isExpanded) {
VStack {
ForEach(0 ..< units.count, id: \.self) { index in
Text("\(units[index])")
.font(.title3)
.padding(.all)
.onTapGesture {
self.selectedDataUnit = index
withAnimation {
self.isExpanded.toggle()
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
So I have a couple of questions here. Firstly, ideally I wanted to place this into an existing horizontal UIStackView. However, the issue I have is that obviously once the dropdown expands, it increases the height of the stack, which is not what I want. Here is a screen shot of the component (see 'ltr'):
When expanded in the stackView:
So I reluctantly placed it in the main view adding some autolayout constraints:
if #available(iOS 14.0.0, *) {
let controller = UIHostingController(rootView: DataUnitDropDown())
controller.view.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
addSubview(controller.view)
controller.view.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: refuelInfoView.actualUpliftVolume.trailingAnchor).isActive = true
controller.view.centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo: refuelInfoView.actualUpliftVolume.centerYAnchor).isActive = true
}
But now when I expand, the whole menu shifts up:
Clearly not what I am looking for.
So I suppose my question is 2-fold:
1- Is there any way I can incorporate this element into an existing stack view without the stack increasing in height when the dropdown is expanded? (I guess not!)
2- If I have to add this to the main view rather than the stack, how can I stop the entire menu shifting up when it expands?
Update:
I have amended the code as follows:
if #available(iOS 14.0.0, *) {
let controller = UIHostingController(rootView: DataUnitDropDown())
controller.view.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
controller.view.clipsToBounds = false
controller.view.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 22).isActive = true
controller.view.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: topAnchor).isActive = true
stackSubviews = [inputField, controller.view]
}
Now, without the topAnchor constraint this works perfectly, but I do need this constraint. But I get an error due to the views. not being in the same hierarchy
I assume instead of
controller.view.centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo:
refuelInfoView.actualUpliftVolume.centerYAnchor).isActive = true
you need
controller.view.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo:
refuelInfoView.actualUpliftVolume.bottomAnchor).isActive = true
Related
I'm trying to use a view written in SwiftUI as an accessory view of my NSSavePanel but I struggled to get it working properly.
Here's the implementation for my SwiftUI view:
struct ExportAccessoryView: View {
enum ExportFileType: String, Identifiable {
// ... enum declaration
}
#State var selectedExportFileType: ExportFileType = .png
#State var resolution = 256.0
#Binding var selectedFileTypeBinding: ExportFileType
#Binding var resolutionBinding: Double
var body: some View {
VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 12) {
Picker(selection: $selectedExportFileType, label: Text("Format:")) {
Text("PDF").tag(ExportFileType.pdf)
// ... other items
}
.frame(width: 170)
.padding(.leading, 21)
if [ExportFileType.png, ExportFileType.jpeg, ExportFileType.tiff].contains(selectedExportFileType) {
HStack {
Slider(value: $resolution, in: 128...1024,
label: { Text("Resolution:") })
.frame(width: 200)
Text("\(Int(resolution))")
.frame(width: 40, alignment: .leading)
.padding(.leading, 5)
}
}
}
.padding(10)
.onChange(of: selectedExportFileType) { newValue in
self.selectedFileTypeBinding = newValue
}
.onChange(of: resolution) { newValue in
self.resolutionBinding = newValue
}
}
}
Here's how I implemented my save panel:
class DocumentWindow: NSWindowController {
var exportFileType: ExportAccessoryView.ExportFileType = .pdf
var resolution = 256.0
lazy var exportPanel: NSSavePanel = {
let savePanel = NSSavePanel()
savePanel.message = "Specify where and how you wish to export..."
savePanel.nameFieldLabel = "Export As:"
savePanel.canCreateDirectories = true
savePanel.isExtensionHidden = false
savePanel.showsTagField = true
let fileTypeBinding = Binding {
return self.exportFileType
} set: { newValue in
self.exportFileType = newValue
// update file extension
self.exportPanel.allowedContentTypes = [UTType(newValue.rawValue)!]
}
let resolutionBinding = Binding {
return self.resolution
} set: { newValue in
self.resolution = newValue
}
let accessoryView = ExportAccessoryView(selectedFileTypeBinding: fileTypeBinding,
resolutionBinding: resolutionBinding)
let exportAccessoryView = NSHostingController(rootView: accessoryView)
savePanel.accessoryView = exportAccessoryView.view
savePanel.allowedContentTypes = [UTType(self.exportFileType.rawValue)!]
return savePanel
}()
}
The save panel is presented by invoking beginSheetModal(for:completionHandler:).
It has no problem displaying but the accessory view is exhibiting some bizarre behavior: it seems to be doing its own thing at random (I sought for patterns but I failed to do so).
Sometimes it works properly, sometimes it becomes unclickable (but the function is still accessible via switch control using TAB). The alignment is always different from the last time I expanded/collapsed or opened/closed the panel: sometimes it's left aligned, sometimes it's centered (even if I have explicitly opted for .leading for alignment).
I have absolutely no idea what's going on. I don't know if this is an issue with SwiftUI+AppKit or is it that I'm doing it all wrong, which is highly likely since I'm a total newbie in SwiftUI. What should I do to get it working properly?
I remembered from back in the days when I was using XIB for implementing an accessory view: I used to embed the controls within an NSView and then set up constraints to make it work. So I applied the same idea here of embedding the NSHostingView's view within a custom NSView and after tweaking it for a bit, I made it work:
lazy var exportPanel: NSSavePanel = {
// ... setting up save panel
// instantiate SwiftUI view and its hosting controller
let accessoryView = ExportAccessoryView(selectedFileTypeBinding: fileTypeBinding,
resolutionBinding: resolutionBinding)
let exportAccessoryView = NSHostingController(rootView: accessoryView)
// embed the SwiftUI in a custom view
let customView = NSView(frame: NSRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 300, height: 60))
customView.addSubview(exportAccessoryView.view)
// use my own constraints
exportAccessoryView.view.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
// top and bottom clipped to custom view
exportAccessoryView.view.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: customView.topAnchor).isActive = true
exportAccessoryView.view.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: customView.bottomAnchor).isActive = true
// leading and trailing spaces can stretch as far as they need to be, hence ≥0
exportAccessoryView.view.leadingAnchor.constraint(greaterThanOrEqualTo: customView.leadingAnchor).isActive = true
exportAccessoryView.view.trailingAnchor.constraint(greaterThanOrEqualTo: customView.trailingAnchor).isActive = true
// center the SwiftUI view horizontal within custom view
exportAccessoryView.view.centerXAnchor.constraint(equalTo: customView.centerXAnchor).isActive = true
// usually fixed width and height
// can be flexible when SwiftUI view is dynamic
exportAccessoryView.view.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: customView.frame.width).isActive = true
exportAccessoryView.view.heightAnchor.constraint(greaterThanOrEqualToConstant: customView.frame.height).isActive = true
savePanel.accessoryView = customView
// ... additional setup
return savePanel
}()
Now it works perfectly as expected. Don't know if this is the "proper way" to implement such integration.
How to set window coordinates in SwiftUI on MacOS Desktop? For example, should the window appear always in the center or always in the upper right corner?
Here is my version, however, I shift the code and close it, when I open it, it appears first in the old place, and then jumps to a new place.
import SwiftUI
let WIDTH: CGFloat = 400
let HEIGTH: CGFloat = 200
#main
struct ForVSCode_MacOSApp: App {
#State var window : NSWindow?
var body: some Scene {
WindowGroup {
ContentView(win: $window)
}
}
}
struct WindowAccessor: NSViewRepresentable{
#Binding var window: NSWindow?
func makeNSView(context: Context) -> some NSView {
let view = NSView()
let width = (NSScreen.main?.frame.width)!
let heigth = (NSScreen.main?.frame.height)!
let resWidth: CGFloat = (width / 2) - (WIDTH / 2)
let resHeigt: CGFloat = (heigth / 2) - (HEIGTH / 2)
DispatchQueue.main.async {
self.window = view.window
self.window?.setFrameOrigin(NSPoint(x: resWidth, y: resHeigt))
self.window?.setFrameAutosaveName("mainWindow")
self.window?.isReleasedWhenClosed = false
self.window?.makeKeyAndOrderFront(nil)
}
return view
}
func updateNSView(_ nsView: NSViewType, context: Context) {
}
}
and ContentView
import SwiftUI
struct ContentView: View {
#Binding var win: NSWindow?
var body: some View {
VStack {
Text("it finally works!")
}
.font(.largeTitle)
.frame(width: WIDTH, height: HEIGTH, alignment: .center)
.background(WindowAccessor(window: $win))
}
}
struct ContentView_Previews: PreviewProvider {
#Binding var win: NSWindow?
static var previews: some View {
ContentView(win: .constant(NSWindow()))
.frame(width: 250, height: 150, alignment: .center)
}
}
I do have the same issue in one of my projects and thought I will investigate a bit deeper and I found two approaches to control the window position.
So my first approach to influence the window position is by pre-defining the windows last position on screen.
Indirect control: Frame autosave name
When the first window of an app is opened, macOS will try to restore the last window position when it was last closed. To distinguish the different windows, each window has its own frameAutosaveName.
The windows frame is persisted automatically in a text format in the apps preferences (UserDefaults.standard) with the key derived from the frameAutosaveName: "NSWindow Frame <frameAutosaveName>" (see docs for saveFrame).
If you do not specify an ID in your WindowGroup, SwiftUI will derive the autosave name from your main views class name. The first three windows will have the following autosave names:
<ModuleName>.ContentView-1-AppWindow-1
<ModuleName>.ContentView-1-AppWindow-2
<ModuleName>.ContentView-1-AppWindow-3
By setting an ID for example WindowGroup(id: "main"), the following autosave names are used (again for the first three windows):
main-AppWindow-1
main-AppWindow-2
main-AppWindow-3
When you check in your apps preferences directory (where UserDefaults.standard is stored), you will see in the plist one entry:
NSWindow Frame main-AppWindow-1 1304 545 400 228 0 0 3008 1228
There are a lot of numbers to digest. The first 4 integers describe the windows frame (origin and size), the next 4 integers describe the screens frame.
There are a few things to keep in mind when manually setting those value:
macOS coordinate system has it origin (0,0) in the bottom left corner.
the windows height includes the window title bar (28px on macOS Monterey but may be different on other versions)
the screens height excludes the title bar
I don't have documentation on this format and used trial and error to gain knowledge about it...
So to fake the initial position in the center of the screen I used the following function which I run in the apps (or the ContentView) initializer. But keep in mind: with this method only the first window will be centered. All the following windows are going to be put down and right of the previous window.
func fakeWindowPositionPreferences() {
let main = NSScreen.main!
let screenWidth = main.frame.width
let screenHeightWithoutMenuBar = main.frame.height - 25 // menu bar
let visibleFrame = main.visibleFrame
let contentWidth = WIDTH
let contentHeight = HEIGHT + 28 // window title bar
let windowX = visibleFrame.midX - contentWidth/2
let windowY = visibleFrame.midY - contentHeight/2
let newFramePreference = "\(Int(windowX)) \(Int(windowY)) \(Int(contentWidth)) \(Int(contentHeight)) 0 0 \(Int(screenWidth)) \(Int(screenHeightWithoutMenuBar))"
UserDefaults.standard.set(newFramePreference, forKey: "NSWindow Frame main-AppWindow-1")
}
My second approach is by directly manipulating the underlying NSWindow similar to your WindowAccessor.
Direct control: Manipulating NSWindow
Your implementation of WindowAccessor has a specific flaw: Your block which is reading view.window to extract the NSWindow instance is run asynchronously: some time in the future (due to DispatchQueue.main.async).
This is why the window appears on screen on the SwiftUI configured position, then disappears again to finally move to your desired location. You need more control, which involves first monitoring the NSView to get informed as soon as possible when the window property is set and then monitoring the NSWindow instance to get to know when the view is becoming visible.
I'm using the following implementation of WindowAccessor. It takes a onChange callback closure which is called whenever window is changing. First it starts monitoring the NSViews window property to get informed when the view is added to a window. When this happened, it starts listening for NSWindow.willCloseNotification notifications to detect when the window is closing. At this point it will stop any monitoring to avoid leaking memory.
import SwiftUI
import Combine
struct WindowAccessor: NSViewRepresentable {
let onChange: (NSWindow?) -> Void
func makeNSView(context: Context) -> NSView {
let view = NSView()
context.coordinator.monitorView(view)
return view
}
func updateNSView(_ view: NSView, context: Context) {
}
func makeCoordinator() -> WindowMonitor {
WindowMonitor(onChange)
}
class WindowMonitor: NSObject {
private var cancellables = Set<AnyCancellable>()
private var onChange: (NSWindow?) -> Void
init(_ onChange: #escaping (NSWindow?) -> Void) {
self.onChange = onChange
}
/// This function uses KVO to observe the `window` property of `view` and calls `onChange()`
func monitorView(_ view: NSView) {
view.publisher(for: \.window)
.removeDuplicates()
.dropFirst()
.sink { [weak self] newWindow in
guard let self = self else { return }
self.onChange(newWindow)
if let newWindow = newWindow {
self.monitorClosing(of: newWindow)
}
}
.store(in: &cancellables)
}
/// This function uses notifications to track closing of `window`
private func monitorClosing(of window: NSWindow) {
NotificationCenter.default
.publisher(for: NSWindow.willCloseNotification, object: window)
.sink { [weak self] notification in
guard let self = self else { return }
self.onChange(nil)
self.cancellables.removeAll()
}
.store(in: &cancellables)
}
}
}
This implementation can then be used to get a handle to NSWindow as soon as possible. The issue we still face: we don't have full control of the window. We are just monitoring what happens and can interact with the NSWindow instance. This means: we can set the position, but we don't know exactly at which instant this should happen. E.g. setting the windows frame directly after the view has been added to the window, will have no impact as SwiftUI is first doing layout calculations to decide afterwards where it will place the window.
After some fiddling around, I started tracking the NSWindow.isVisible property. This allows me to set the position whenever the window becomes visible. Using above WindowAccessor my ContentView implementation looks as follows:
import SwiftUI
import Combine
let WIDTH: CGFloat = 400
let HEIGHT: CGFloat = 200
struct ContentView: View {
#State var window : NSWindow?
#State private var cancellables = Set<AnyCancellable>()
var body: some View {
VStack {
Text("it finally works!")
.font(.largeTitle)
Text(window?.frameAutosaveName ?? "-")
}
.frame(width: WIDTH, height: HEIGHT, alignment: .center)
.background(WindowAccessor { newWindow in
if let newWindow = newWindow {
monitorVisibility(window: newWindow)
} else {
// window closed: release all references
self.window = nil
self.cancellables.removeAll()
}
})
}
private func monitorVisibility(window: NSWindow) {
window.publisher(for: \.isVisible)
.dropFirst() // we know: the first value is not interesting
.sink(receiveValue: { isVisible in
if isVisible {
self.window = window
placeWindow(window)
}
})
.store(in: &cancellables)
}
private func placeWindow(_ window: NSWindow) {
let main = NSScreen.main!
let visibleFrame = main.visibleFrame
let windowSize = window.frame.size
let windowX = visibleFrame.midX - windowSize.width/2
let windowY = visibleFrame.midY - windowSize.height/2
let desiredOrigin = CGPoint(x: windowX, y: windowY)
window.setFrameOrigin(desiredOrigin)
}
}
I hope this solution helps others who want to get more control to the window in SwiftUI.
I am working on a CustomForEach which would act and work like a normal ForEach in SwiftUI, this CustomForEach has it own early days and it has some issues for use for me, which makes me to learn more about SwiftUI and challenge me to try to solve the issues, one of this issues is finding a way to destroy the unneeded Views instated of rendering all needed Views!
Currently when I update lowerBound the CustomForEach starts rendering for new range which is understandable. But the new range need less Views than before and that is not understandable to rendering them again for already rendered Views.
Goal: I want find a way to stop rendering all needed Views because they are already exist and there is no need to rendering again, and just removing the unneeded Views. And also I do not want start an another expensive calculation inside CustomForEach for finding out if the Views already exist!
struct TextView: View {
let string: String
var body: some View {
print("rendering " + string)
return HStack {
Text(string)
Circle().fill(Color.red).frame(width: 5, height: 5, alignment: .center)
}
}
}
struct CustomForEachView<Content: View>: View {
private let id: Int
let range: ClosedRange<Int>
let content: (Int) -> Content
init(range: ClosedRange<Int>, #ViewBuilder content: #escaping (Int) -> Content) {
self.id = range.lowerBound
self.range = range
self.content = content
}
// The issue is rendering all existed Views when lower Bound get updated, even we do not need to render new View in updating lower Bound!
var body: some View {
content(range.lowerBound)
if let suffixRange = suffix(of: range) {
CustomForEachView(range: suffixRange, content: content)
}
}
private func suffix(of range: ClosedRange<Int>) -> ClosedRange<Int>? {
return (range.count > 1) ? (range.lowerBound + 1)...range.upperBound : nil
}
}
struct ContentView: View {
#State private var lowerBound: Int = -2
#State private var upperBound: Int = 2
var body: some View {
HStack {
CustomForEachView(range: lowerBound...upperBound) { item in
TextView(string: item.description)
}
}
HStack {
Button("add lowerBound") { lowerBound += 1 }
Spacer()
Button("add upperBound") { upperBound += 1 }
}
.padding()
}
}
First of all, one thing important thing to understand is that a SwiftUI.View struct is not a view instance that is rendered on the screen. It's merely a description of the desired view hierarchy. The SwiftUI.View instances are going to be recreated and torn down a lot by the framework anyway.
The SwiftUI framework takes care of the actual rendering. It might use UIViews for this, or it might not. That's an implementation detail you shouldn't need to worry about in most cases.
That said, you might be able to help the framework by adding explicit ids to the views by using the id modifier. That way SwiftUI can use that to keep track of which view is which.
But, I'm not sure if that would actually help. Just an idea.
I'm making a card game in SwiftUI and having the following problem: when running a cycle, the view updates only on cycle stop, but don't show any changes when running. UI part of code is:
//on the table
ScrollView(.horizontal) {
HStack(alignment: .center, spacing: 0) {
if game.gameStarted {
ForEach ((0..<game.onTheTable.count), id: \.self) {number in
VStack {
Image(game.onTheTable[number].pic)
.resizable()
.modifier(CardStyle())
Text("\(ai.getPower(card: game.onTheTable[number]))")
}
}
}
}
}
It actually shows card images "on the table" when I move an item to the game.onTheTable array. But when I run a while loop like "while true" it behaves as I mentioned above. So I've created a simple code with a delay to be able to se how card images one by one appears on the table but it just doesn't work as expected. There's the code for the cycle:
func test() {
gameStarted = true
while deck.cardsInDeck.count > 0 {
onTheTable.append(deck.cardsInDeck[0])
deck.cardsInDeck.remove(at: 0)
usleep(100000)
}
}
Yes, it appends cards, but visually I see the result just when the whole cycle has finished. Any ideas how to fix that to see the cards being added in real time one by one?
SwiftUI is declarative, so it doesn't mesh well with imperative control flow like while loops or system timers. You don't have control over when layout happens. Instead, you need to modify the underlying state which is driving the view, and those updates must happen on the main thread.
Here's one approach, which starts the timer when the view appears. You could also trigger the timer based on user interaction.
Note that you can attach transitions to views, and those transitions can take advantage of .matchedGeometryEffect... So you could have cards animate from their position on the deck to their place on the table, and that could happen automatically as you move items from one array to another—as long as the deck and table views use the same namespace and a consistent ID for each unique card.
struct GameView: View {
#State var deckCards: [Card] = Card.standardDeck
#State var tableCards: [Card] = []
#State var timer: Timer? = nil
var body: some View {
VStack {
DeckView(cards: deckCards)
TableView(cards: tableCards)
}.onAppear {
timer = Timer.scheduledTimer(withTimeInterval: 1.0, repeats: true) { _ in
moveCard()
}
}
}
func moveCard() {
DispatchQueue.main.async {
guard deckCards.count > 0 else {
self.timer?.invalidate()
return
}
tableCards.append(deckCards.removeFirst())
}
}
}
How do I implement a collection view (that is, rectangles arranged in a grid) in SwiftUI?
I've tried ForEach-ing over a range of values, then using the counter as an index for an Array but have had numerous problems so are looking for a different way to achieve a collection view.
The cells to wrap over multiple rows. I have a SegmentedControl which is used to set how many cells to squeeze on one row.
Here is what I have:
VStack { // Multiple rows
ForEach((0..<requiredRows).identified(by: \.self)) { row in // Iterate over (previously calculated) required row count
HStack(spacing: 50)) { // Row
ForEach((0..<self.maximumOnXAxis).identified(by: \.self)) { cell in // Iterate over available cells
MyView(
width: calculatedSize,
height: calculatedSize / 2.0,
colour: Color(
red: lst[row * self.maximumOnXAxis][0],
green: lst[row * self.maximumOnXAxis][1],
blue: lst[row * self.maximumOnXAxis][2]
)
)
}
}
}
And all of the above is inside a ScrollView.
The current problem is a 'Could not type check in reasonable time ...', which happened after I add the colour: Colour(...) parameter to MyView.
Example of desired effect:
SwiftUI does support a ScrollView which you can use to present collections, although you would have to manage your own grids. The GeometryReader method might be helpful, it allows you to easily scale the "cells" to the width and length of the parent view.
For reference, I've created a simple horizontal scroll view. You can use this same logic to create a grid view:
import SwiftUI
import PlaygroundSupport
struct MyView : View {
let items: [String] = ["1", "2", "3", "4", "5"]
var body : some View {
GeometryReader { geometry in
ScrollView {
HStack {
ForEach(self.items.identified(by: \.self)) { row in
Text(row)
.padding(geometry.size.width / 5)
.background(Color.green)
}
}
}.background(Color.white)
}
.padding()
.background(Color.red)
}
}
let vc = UIHostingController(rootView: MyView())
PlaygroundPage.current.liveView = vc
Maybe this is what you are looking for : https://github.com/pietropizzi/GridStack
The only missing feature is that you cannot do "masonry" like layout