I have a hash with a certain set of data. I need to manipulate the hash values so that I can get result like below:
Expected Output:
key_1=Cell1
Val_1=C3#C4#C1#C2
Script:
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict; use warnings;
use Data::Dumper;
use List::Util qw /uniq/;
my %hash = (
'Cell1' => {
'A' => [ 'C1','C2','C1','C2' ],
'B' => [ 'C3','C3','C4','C4' ]
}
);
print Dumper(\%hash);
my $i = 0;
foreach my $key (keys %hash) {
++$i;
print "key_$i=$key\n";
foreach my $refs (keys %{ $hash{$key} }) {
print "Val_$i=", join('#', uniq #{$hash{$key}{$refs}})."\n";
}
}
Current Output:
key_1=Cell1
Val_1=C3#C4
Val_1=C1#C2
How can I get the expected output here?
You can use an additional array (#cells) to store the values before you print:
foreach my $key (keys %hash) {
++$i;
print "key_$i=$key\n";
my #cells;
foreach my $refs (keys %{ $hash{$key} }) {
push #cells, #{$hash{$key}{$refs}};
}
print "Val_$i=", join('#', uniq #cells)."\n";
}
Prints:
key_1=Cell1
Val_1=C3#C4#C1#C2
The order is not guaranteed since you retrieve the keys from a hash. You could use sort to make the order predicatable.
The shown code uses values for each key one at a time (for A, then for B ...) . Instead, assemble all values using map on the list of all keys
my $i = 0;
for my $key (keys %hash) {
++$i;
say "key_$i=$key";
say "Val_$i=",
join "#", uniq map { #{ $hash{$key}->{$_} } } keys %{$hash{$key}};
}
Related
I have a file with tab separated columns like this:
TR1"\t"P0C134
TR2"\t"P0C133
TR2"\t"P0C136
Now I split these into two arrays (one for each column values) then convert them into hashes but I want to remove the duplicates (here its TR2) while merging their right column values...something like this TR2=>P0C133,P0C136...how is it possible?? is there any function to do it in perl??
for($i=0;$i<=scalar#s_arr;$i++)
{
if($s_arr[$i] eq $s_arr[$i+1])
{ push(#temp,$idx_arr[$i]); }
else
{
if(#temp eq "")
{ $s_hash{$s_arr[$i]}=$idx_arr[$i]; }
else
{
$idx_str=join(",",#temp);
$s_hash{$s_arr[$i]}=$idx_str;
#temp="";
}
}
}
this is code I've written where #s_arr is storing left column values and #idx_arr is storing right column value
You can avoid using two arrays and perform what you want in one fell swoop treating the left-side value as the hash key and making it an array reference, then pushing the right-side values that correlate with that key onto that aref:
use warnings;
use strict;
use Data::Dumper;
my %hash;
while (<DATA>){
my ($key, $val) = split;
push #{ $hash{$key} }, $val;
}
print Dumper \%hash;
__DATA__
TR1 P0C134
TR2 P0C133
TR2 P0C136
Output:
$VAR1 = {
'TR1' => [
'P0C134'
],
'TR2' => [
'P0C133',
'P0C136'
]
};
If you want that same structure output use hash of hash.
#!/usr/bin/perl
use warnings;
use strict;
my #arr = <DATA>;
my %hash;
foreach (#arr)
{
my ($k,$v) = split(/\s+/,$_);
chomp $v;
$hash{$k}{$v}++;
}
foreach my $key1 (keys %hash)
{
print "$key1=>";
foreach my $key2 (keys $hash{$key1})
{
print "$key2,";
}
print "\n";
}
__DATA__
TR1 P0C134
TR2 P0C133
TR2 P0C136
Output is:
TR2=>P0C136,P0C133,
TR1=>P0C134,
What I was trying to do was combine elements[1..3] into a single array, and then make the has out of that. Then sort by keys and print out the whole thing.
#!/usr/bin/perl
my %hash ;
while ( <> ) {
#elements = split /,/, $_;
#slice_elements = #elements[1..3] ;
if ($elements[0] ne '' ) {
$hash{ $elements[0] } = $slice_elements[0];
}
}
foreach $key (sort keys %hash ) {
print "$key; $hash{$key}\n";
}
This is what I get when I print this out -
casper_mint#casper-mint-dell /tmp $ /tmp/dke /tmp/File1.csv
060001.926941; TOT
060002.029434; RTP
060002.029568; RTP
060002.126895; UL
060002.229327; RDS/A
060002.312512; EON
060002.429382; RTP
060002.585408; BCS
060002.629333; LYG
060002.712240; HBC
This is waht I want the elements of the array - element[0] is the key and element[1..3] in the value
060001.926941,TOT,86.26,86.48
060002.029434,RTP,310.0,310.66
060002.029568,RTP,310.0,310.74
060002.126895,UL,34.06,34.14
060002.229327,RDS/A,84.47,84.72
060002.312512,EON,56.88,57.04
060002.429382,RTP,310.08,310.77
060002.585408,BCS,58.96,59.06
060002.629333,LYG,46.13,46.41
060002.712240,HBC,93.06,93.23
Always include use strict; and use warnings; at the top of EVERY perl script.
What you need is to create a new anonymous array [ ] as the value to your hash. Then join the values when displaying the results:
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
my %hash;
while (<>) {
chomp;
my #elements = split /,/, $_;
if ($elements[0] ne '' ) {
$hash{ $elements[0] } = [#elements[1..3]];
}
}
foreach my $key (sort keys %hash ) {
print join(',', $key, #{$hash{$key}}) . "\n";
}
Of course, if your data really is fixed width like that, and you're not actually doing anything with the values, there actually is no need to split and join. The following would do the same thing:
use strict;
use warnings;
print sort <>;
After working with this code, I am stuck at what I think is a simple error, yet I need outside eyes to see what is wrong.
I used unpack function to divide an array into the following.
#extract =
------MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM-M-MMMMMMMM
------SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS-S-SSSSSDTA
------TIIIIIIIIIIIIITIIIVVIIIIII-I-IIIIITTT
Apparently, after unpacking into the array, when I try to go into the while loop, #extract shows up completely empty. Any idea as to why this is happening?
print #extract; #<-----------Prints input
my $sum = 0;
my %counter = ();
while (my $column = #extract) {
print #extract; #<------- This extract is completely empty. Should be input
for (my $aa = (split ('', $column))){
$counter{$aa}++;
delete $counter{'-'}; # Don't count -
}
# Sort keys by count descending
my #keys = (sort {$counter{$b} <=> $counter{$a}} keys %counter) [0]; #gives highest letter
for my $key (#keys) {
$sum += $counter{$key};
print OUTPUT "$key $counter{$key} ";
Each line is an array element correct? I don't see in your code where you are checking the individual characters.
Assuming the input that you have shown is a 3 element array containing the line as a string:
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
my #entries;
while(my $line = shift(#extract)){
my %hash;
for my $char(split('', $line)){
if($char =~ /[a-zA-Z]/) { $hash{$char}++ }
}
my $high;
for my $key (keys %hash) {
if(!defined($high)){ $high = $key }
elsif($hash{$high} < $hash{$key}){
$high = $key
}
}
push #entries, {$high => $hash{$high}};
}
Note this empties #extract, if you don't want to do that you'd have to use a for loop like below
for my $i (0 .. $#extract){
#my %hash etc...
}
EDIT:
Changed it so that only the highest number is actually kept
An approach using reduce from List::Util.
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use List::Util 'reduce';
my #extract = qw/
------MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM-M-MMMMMMMM
------SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS-S-SSSSSDTA
------TIIIIIIIIIIIIITIIIVVIIIIII-I-IIIIITTT
/;
for (#extract) {
my %count;
tr/a-zA-Z//cd;
for (split //) {
$count{$_}++;
}
my $max = reduce { $count{$a} > $count{$b} ? $a : $b } keys %count;
print "$max $count{$max}\n";
}
At first sorry for my english - i hope you will understand me.
There is a hash:
$hash{a} = 1;
$hash{b} = 3;
$hash{c} = 3;
$hash{d} = 2;
$hash{e} = 1;
$hash{f} = 1;
I want to sort it by values (not keys) so I have:
for my $key ( sort { $hash{ $a } <=> $hash{ $b } } keys %hash ) { ... }
And at first I get all the keys with value 1, then with value 2, etc... Great.
But if hash is not changing, the order of keys (in this sort-by-value) is always the same.
Question: How can I shuffle sort-results, so every time I run 'for' loop, I get different order of keys with value 1, value 2, etc. ?
Not quite sure I well understand your needs, but is this ok:
use List::Util qw(shuffle);
my %hash;
$hash{a} = 1;
$hash{b} = 3;
$hash{c} = 3;
$hash{d} = 2;
$hash{e} = 1;
$hash{f} = 1;
for my $key (sort { $hash{ $a } <=> $hash{ $b } } shuffle( keys %hash )) {
say "hash{$key} = $hash{$key}"
}
You can simply add another level of sorting, which will be used when the regular sorting method cannot distinguish between two values. E.g.:
sort { METHOD_1 || METHOD_2 || ... METHOD_N } LIST
For example:
sub regular_sort {
my $hash = shift;
for (sort { $hash->{$a} <=> $hash->{$b} } keys %$hash) {
print "$_ ";
};
}
sub random_sort {
my $hash = shift;
my %rand = map { $_ => rand } keys %hash;
for (sort { $hash->{$a} <=> $hash->{$b} ||
$rand{$a} <=> $rand{$b} } keys %$hash ) {
print "$_ ";
};
}
To sort the keys by value, with random ordering of keys with identical values, I see two solutions:
use List::Util qw( shuffle );
use sort 'stable';
my #keys =
sort { $hash{$a} <=> $hash{$b} }
shuffle keys %hash;
or
my #keys =
map $_->[0],
sort { $a->[1] <=> $b->[1] || $a->[2] <=> $b->[2] }
map [ $_, $hash{$_}, rand ],
keys %hash;
The use sort 'stable'; is required to prevent sort from corrupting the randomness of the list returned by shuffle.
The above's use of the Schwartzian Transform is not an attempt at optimisation. I've seen people use rand in the compare function itself to try to achieve the above result, but doing so is buggy for two reasons.
When using "misbehaving" comparisons such as that, the results are documented as being undefined, so sort is allowed to return garbage, repeated elements, missing elements, etc.
Even if sort doesn't return garbage, it won't be a fair sort. The result will be weighed.
You can have two functions for ascending and decending order and use them accordingly like
sub hasAscending {
$hash{$a} <=> $hash{$b};
}
sub hashDescending {
$hash{$b} <=> $hash{$a};
}
foreach $key (sort hashAscending (keys(%hash))) {
print "\t$hash{$key} \t\t $key\n";
}
foreach $key (sort hashDescending (keys(%hash))) {
print "\t$hash{$key} \t\t $key\n";
}
It seems like you want to randomize looping through the keys.
Perl, does not store in sequential or sorted order, but this doesn't seem to be random enough for you, so you may want to create an array of keys and loop through that instead.
First, populate an array with keys, then use a random number algorithm (1..$#length_of_array) to push the key at that position in the array, to the array_of_keys.
If you're trying to randomize the keys of the sorted-by-value hash, that's a little different.
See Codepad
my %hash = (a=>1, b=>3, c=>3, d=>2, e=>1, f=>1);
my %hash_by_val;
for my $key ( sort { $hash{$a} <=> $hash{$b} } keys %hash ) {
push #{ $hash_by_val{$hash{$key}} }, $key;
}
for my $key (sort keys %hash_by_val){
my #arr = #{$hash_by_val{$key}};
my $arr_ubound = $#arr;
for (0..$arr_ubound){
my $randnum = int(rand($arr_ubound));
my $val = splice(#arr,$randnum,1);
$arr_ubound--;
print "$key : $val\n"; # notice: output varies b/t runs
}
}
How can I print only the first key and element of my hash?
I have already a sorted hash, but I want to print only the first key and respective value
thanks,
Thanks to all of you at the end I push the keys and the values to two different #array and print element 0 of each array and it works :)
Hashes have unordered keys. So, there is no such key as a first key in a hash.
However, if you need the key that sorts first (for maximum key value):
my %hash = (
'foo' => 'bar',
'qux' => 'baz',
);
my ($key) = sort { $b cmp $a } keys %hash;
print "$key => $hash{$key}"; # Outputs: qux => baz
Remember to use <=> instead of cmp for numerical sorting.
In perl hashes there is no ordering for keys. Use sort function to get the keys in the order that you want or you can push the keys into an array as you create the hash and your first key will be in zero th index in the array
You can use the below code, i am assuming hash name is my_hash and keys and values are numbers. If you have strings, you can use cmp instead of <=>. Refer to the sort documentation for more details
Get the max key
foreach (sort {$b <=> $a} keys %my_hash) {
print "Keys is $_\n";
print "Value is $my_hash{$_}\n";
last;
}
Get the key corresponding to the max value
foreach (sort {$my_hash{$b} <=> $my_hash{$a}} keys %my_hash) {
print "Keys is $_\n";
print "Value is $my_hash{$_}\n";
last;
}
foreach my $key (sort keys(%hash)) {
print "$key" . "$hash{$key}" . "\n";
last;
}
For large hashes, if you do not need the sorted keys for any other reason, it might be better to avoid sorting.
#!/usr/bin/env perl
use strict; use warnings;
my %hash = map { $_ => rand(10_000) } 'aa' .. 'zz';
my ($argmax, $max) = each %hash;
keys %hash; # reset iterator
while (my ($k, $v) = each %hash) {
if ($v >= $max) {
$max = $v;
$argmax = $k;
}
}
print "$argmax => $max\n";
If you are intent on sorting, you only need the key with the maximum value, not the entire arrays of keys and values:
#!/usr/bin/env perl
use strict; use warnings;
my %hash = map { $_ => rand(10_000) } 'aa' .. 'zz';
my ($argmax) = sort { $hash{$b} <=> $hash{$a} } keys %hash;
print "$argmax => $hash{$argmax}\n";
Just as Alan wrote - hashes don't have specific order, but you can sort hash keys:
foreach my $key (sort keys(%hash)) {
print $key . ': ' . $hash{$key} . "\n";
}
or, as you wish, get first element from keys array:
my #keys = keys(%hash);
print $keys[0];