This part " ( -name *txt -o -name *html ) " confuses me in the code:
find $HOME \( -name \*txt -o -name \*html \) -print0 | xargs -0 grep -li vpn
Can someone explain the the brackets and "-o"? Is "-o" a command or a parameter? I know the brackets are escaped by "\" , but why are they for?
By default, the conditions in the find argument list are 'and'ed together. The -o option means 'or'.
If you wrote:
find $HOME -name \*txt -o -name \*html -print0
then there is no output action associated with the file names end with 'txt', so they would not be printed. By grouping the name options with parentheses, you get both the 'html' and 'txt' files.
Consider the example:
mkdir test-find
cd test-find
cp /dev/null file.txt
cp /dev/null file.html
The comments below have an interesting side-light on this. If the command was:
find . -name '*.txt' -o -name '*.html'
then, since no explicit action is specified for either alternative, the default -print (not -print0!) action is used for both alternatives and both files are listed. With a -print or other explicit action after one of the alternatives (but not the other), then only the alternative with the action takes effect.
find . -name '*.txt' -print -o -name '*.html'
This also suggests that you could have different actions for the different alternatives.
You could also apply other conditions, such as a modification time:
find . \( -name '*.txt' -o -name '*.html' \) -mtime +5 -print0
find . \( -name '*.txt' -mtime +5 -o -name '*.html' \) -print0
The first prints txt or html files older than 5 days (so it prints nothing for the example directory - the files are a few seconds old); the second prints txt files older than 5 days or html files of any age (so just file.html). And so on...
Thanks to DevSolar for his comments leading to this addition.
The "-o" means OR. I.e., name must end in "txt" or "html". The brackets just group the two conditions together.
The ( and ) provide a way to group search parameters for the find command. The -o is an "or" operator.
This find command will find all files ending in "txt" or "html" and pass those as arguments to the grep command.
Related
I am now working with "Jenkinsfile".
I need to do a "find" by type of the file extension, to do a "sed -i", ignoring some hidden directories and other folders.
I don't know the correct syntax.
Example:
def replacePath() {
sh 'sed -i "s/A\\/B/C\\/D\\/E\\/F\\/G\\/A\\/B\\/opt\\/C/g" \$(find . -type f -name "*.json" not path ..... -print0) '
Try using xargs, like so:
find . -type f -name '*.json' ... -print0 | xargs -0 sed -i 's/pattern/replacement/g'
Using xargs has fewer problems than passing argument on the command line with $(...), particularly when used with -print0, as xargs can cope with filenames containing shell metacharacters.
I'm attempting to delete some directories and I want to be able to exclude a directory called 'logs' from being deleted.
This is my basic find operation (without the exclusion):
# find . -type d |tail -10
./d20160124-1120-df8mfb/deployments
./d20160124-1120-df8mfb/releases
./d20160131-16993-vazqg5
./d20160131-16993-vazqg5/metadata
./d20160131-16993-vazqg5/deployments
./d20160131-16993-vazqg5/releases
./logs
./d20160203-27735-1tqbjh6
./d20160125-1120-1yccr9p
./d20160131-16993-1yf9lnc
I'm just tailing the output so that you have an idea of what's going on without taking up the whole page. :)
If I try to exlclude the logs directory with the prune command I get back no results.
root#ops-manager:/tmp/tmp# find . -type d -prune -o -name 'logs' -print
root#ops-manager:/tmp#
What am I doing wrong?
Once I get this right, I'll tack on an -exec rm rf {} \; command so I can delete those directories.
Any help here would be appreciated!
-prune always evaluates to true, which means the expression on the other side of -o is never evaluated. You need to change the order:
find . -type d -name 'logs' -prune -o -print
Given a folder, I want to ignore a folder within, and then find all files outside that folder, whether they be folders or files, and eventually delete them via a cron style action on OS X.
On Mac OS X will use Launchd to run this, so far, I have this:
find /Users/me/Downloads -not \( -path /Users/me/Downloads/In\ Progress -prune \) -name "*" -Btime 1m
With the -Btime 1m or mime 1m I get zero results, without it i get results I can exec to rm:
find /Users/me/Downloads -not \( -path /Users/me/Downloads/In\ Progress -prune \) -name "*"
/Users/me/Downloads
/Users/me/Downloads/.DS_Store
/Users/me/Downloads/test
/Users/me/Downloads/text.txt
Eventually my criteria will be 1 week, but for now, I use 1 minute, as that surely has passed.
cd ~/Downloads
$find . -mtime 1m
$
Or
cd ~/Downloads
$find . -mtime 1m -print
$find: *: unknown primary or operator
I believe I figured it out, but if someone could look over my shoulder, I certainly would appreciate it:
/usr/bin/find /Users/$USER/Downloads -not ( -path /Users/$USER/Downloads/In\ Progress -prune -o -type d ) -mtime +1s
That finds all files in ~/Downloads at are older than 1 second(s) and are not inside the "In Progress" directory. At first, it was also locating the path /Users/$USER/Downloads as the first hit
/usr/bin/cd ~/Downloads/
echo "You are in: " $(/bin/pwd)
/usr/bin/find /Users/$USER/Downloads -not \( -path /Users/$USER/Downloads/In\ Progress -prune -o -type d \) -mtime +1s
So, can anyone tell me why it is not picking up /Users/$USER/Downloads I certainly don't mind, but I also don't like not understanding.
Finally, the last step would be, change mime to +1w and then append xargs rm -rf {} \; and I should be good to go? If I also wanted to pass in a little list of what find has found and >> it to a log file, where would be a good place to shove that?
I have this working fine for me:
find Sources/$1-$2 -name '*' |xargs perl -pi -e "s/domain.com/$2/g"
But when I change it to the following it doesn't:
find Sources/$1-$2 -name '*.php,*.rb' |xargs perl -pi -e "s/domain.com/$2/g"
What wrong?
Here's some explanation behind the solution that others have provided.
The tests in a find command are combined with Boolean operators:
-a -and
-o -or
! -not
If you don't supply an operator, -and is the default.
find . -type f -name '*.rb' # The command as entered.
find . -type f -a -name '*.rb' # Behind the scenes.
Your search failed because it didn't find any matching files:
# Would find only files with bizarre names like 'foo.php,bar.rb'
find . -name '*.php,*.rb'
You need to supply the file extensions as separate -name tests, combined in an OR fashion.
find . -name '*.php' -o -name '*.rb'
you have to write it as:
find Sources/$1-$2 -name '*.php' -o -name '*.rb' ....
I'm guessing that you want all files then end in .php and .rb.
Try find Sources/$1-$2 \( -iname "*.php" -o -iname "*.rb" \) -print |xargs perl -pi -e "s/domain.com/$2/g"
It is much better filtering out find's result with [ef]grep. Why?
Because you can fed the grep pattern as an argument, or can read it from the config or soo. It is much easier to write: grep "$PATTERN" as constructing long find arguments with '-o'. (ofc, here are situations, where find args are better), but not in your case.
The cost is one more process. So, for you example is easy to write a script myscript.sh
find Sources/$1-$2 -print | egrep -i "$3" | xargs ...
you can call it
./myscript.sh aaa bbb ".(php|rb)$"
and the result will equivalent to more complicated
find Sources/$1-$2 \( -iname '*.php' -o -iname '*.rb' \) | xargs ...
but
why bother? If you have bash4+, (and shopt -s globstar in your .bashrc) you can simple write:
perl -pi -e '.....' Sources/aaa-bbb/**/*.{rb,php}
the ** is like a find -name.
By the way, xargs is not needed here.
find Sources/$1-$2 \( -name '*.php' -o -name '*.rb' \) \
-exec perl -i -pe "s/domain\.com/$2/g" {} +
Also notice the "." in /domain.com/ needs to be escaped.
I'm trying to find all files that are not up to date compared to CVS. As our CVS structure is broken (it does not recurse well in some directories) I'm trying to work around it with find for now.
What I have now is this:
for i in `find . -not \( -name "*\.jpg" \) -path './bookshop/mediaimg' -prune -o -path '*/CVS*' -prune -o -path './files' -prune -o -path './images/cms' -prune -o -path './internal' -prune -o -path './limesurvey171plus_build5638' -prune -o -path './gallery2' -prune -o -print `; do cvs status "$i" |grep Status ; done &>~/output.txt
But somehow my attempt at excluding images (jpg in this case) does not work, they still show up.
Anyone have a suggestion on how to get them out of my results from find?
This is failing for the same reason that mixing boolean AND and OR always fails.
What you're saying here is really (in pseudo-code):
If (
File Not Named '*.jpg' AND
Path Matches './bookshop/mediaimg' AND
Prone OR
Path Matches '*/CVS*' AND
Prune OR
Path Matches './files' AND
Prune OR
Path Matches './images/cms' AND
Prune OR
Path Matches './internal' AND
Prune OR
Path Matches './limesurvey171plus_build5638' AND
Prune OR
Path Matches './gallery2' AND
Prune OR
Print
)
Now, print always returns true, and I think prune does as well, so you see that none of the ANDs matter if any OR matches. The careful application of parentheses will probably yield the results you're after.