Once again, I'm a bit stumped about the best stack-exchange site on which to post this question. But I think developers are best suited to answer questions about source control, so here it is.
I am considering a crowd-sourced, user-rated game development project and am wondering what, if any, source control and merging systems might best be capable of hosting the kinds of source control I'm interested in. By user-rated, I mean that there will be some kind of rating/voting system like that found here on StackOverflow. For some details on the project idea, you can read my posting about it at http://gamedev.enigmadream.com/index.php?topic=1589.0. What I think I need is:
Ability to branch by user and maximize merging capabilities. I know source control systems are mainly focused on branching by version, and we could maybe think of each user maintaining their own version. But I guess we need some really robust merging capabilities to maximize the abilities of one user to merge changes from another user into their own branch, for example. So I think I would like the ability for "cross-branch" merging without having to merge into the common root branch first. (I'm most familiar with Team Foundation Server (TFS), which doesn't easily support this.)
Massive branching and merging. If there are hundreds or thousands of people wanting to incorporate their own changes into the project, there could be a lot of branches, and the system would need to be able to handle that without a meltdown. A single user might want to create multiple branches deriving from multiple other users' branches under their own name too, ideally, with the ability to merge among them to some extent.
Permission control by branch. I see SourceForge supports Subversion and Mercurial, but does not currently support permission controls by path/branch on these (as far as I can tell), although that does appear to be a feature under consideration. Users should be limited from pushing their code into other branches. I suspect the normal operations for a user would be pulling edits from other branches into their own branch, and checking in additional changes in their own branch.
A voting system. I know I shouldn't expect a source control system to support voting natively, but anything that could contribute to making this possible would be helpful. For example, maybe a voting system would involve or rely on the ability to label the best edits from various branches and pull them into a single file based on a label or a set of labels. And anything that would assist in merging the results of a selected set of labels from various branches (perhaps applying a new label to the set) could help too.
Very few files and possibly no directories. I would be willing to give up the ability to manage a large number of files or directories in exchange to gain any of the above because the format for the game file I'm considering is generally contained in a single text (XML or HTML5 -- haven't decided yet) file. But this does mean that the system should be pretty good at merging edits to relatively large text files efficiently. I know Team Foundation Server does a pretty good job of maintaining just changes to a file. I hope other source control systems do at least as well.
Or is source control not the proper paradigm to be talking about here? Is there some other technology ideal for merging code like this, one that doesn't involve source control and/or branching the way I'm thinking about it?
Any VCS, because "...source control systems are mainly focused on branching by version..." is just wrong, VCS support diverged changes of code over time, nothing more and nothing less
Any DVCS, because they have reasonable good branch-merge capabilities from the ground
Mercurial, which have branch-level ACLs, SVN have path-based ACLs. And because Subversion have physical tree repository (at some degree), ACLs can be applied to any part of subtree, i.e to branches also
Any CodeReview tool, integrated with VCS and modified for specific-reqs
Fossil SCM is single-file portable EXE, repo - one file; any DVCS also add only one dir of repo to existing tree and handle big files without headache
We have this huge application that has 18 projects in our source control (VSS).
Whenever we are working on small changes everything is fine because each developer has a set of a few files checked out to himself, and hopefully no one is going to need them until they are checked in (in about 4 to 8 hours).
But when we want to work on big changes a developer keeps so many files checked out for some days and make it hard for others to do their assigned tasks.
Here's a scenario for example:
Last week we wanted to implement a feature that will fetch every list in our application using a paging mechanism. Therefore we should change the UI, business and data access layers.
There's a developer assigned to this task, she's checked out a lot of files, and she's blocking other tasks.
How should we plan to develop these kind of features?
Switch to a better Version Control System. VSS suffers from design issues and its hard lock principles. Subversion is available for free and can be used for large scale application development. Branching and tagging are cheap operations and there is no hard lock.
Your company will definitively live better with Subversion. Try it out!
Server Easy to setup on what system ever (Windows/Linux)
TortoiseSVN Client for Windows that integrates within Windows Explorer
SVN Manual Read at least the first few chapters
There are many other alternatives but VSS is a pain in large scale development. As there is a better free solution available, why stick to a vendor?
If upgrading to a real VCS isn't an option right now, have the person doing the major feature download a local copy of everything and then make his changes outside of version control. Merge it all at once (over a weekend or something in case it gets complicated).
This doesn't help the developer who will need version control while making the "big changes"
Well, you do what you gotta do with the tools you've got. He could always install a modern VCS like git which works locally. Just check the entire baseline into git (minus history) and go.
VSS sucks, migrate to a real SCM, microsoft will probably help you seamlessly upgrade to TFS which doesn't have this problem. Or migrate to any one of FOSS SCMs like subversion, but the transition will probably be harder (but may be cheaper).
Have you considered sharing and branching? Also, you can allow multiple checkouts with users who have experience. In your case of making a large application change, I suggest labeling then creating a branch. If something happens to "big changes", you will not the production version. You can make your quick fixes in the released code then merge them into "big changes" once it is ready. Check the help topic "Sharing and Branching".
Use a version control system that works in merge mode (optimistic), not in lock mode.
Merge mode is optimistic is that it assumes changes will usually not be made in the same place. If it happens in the same place then it is usally easy to resolve.
An example of a version control system that can work in merge mode is CVS. It is outdated now, but others exist.
SVN is the answer to your problems. I have used it and its a breeze to learn/work with it. But there are a few new kids on the block. Try GIT. I have been hearing a lot about it althought havent had a chance to try it
VSS is just an old story, we use Subversion (server) and TortoiseSVN (client) now. (That's just based on our preference)
By the way, migrating to other version control / source control - only - will not solve your team issue. The problem is about communication. If she can't communicate with the others and stay with her habit (working with a lot of files without checking them in), she will put your team down, you must let her know how to work with team using version control. If not, she will put you into "Merge" problems when using Subversion. ^^
You already got the advice about changing to a usable VCS.
Above that, you and the developers should train to break the big changes into smaller ones. I'd consider about 10 commits per day and full time developer a normal rate. It makes the locks much less painful.
The principle should be: make the smallest possible change that brings you toward your desired state and works (as in the software compiles and passes all tests).
In the case you sketched out. Adding a parameter to one layer, and changing all calls to that layer (possibly with a dummy value) would be one change. Actually using that value, would be another change.
This should result in much less files locked for a much shorter period.
Long-term, you'll want to migrate to another VCS. As others have mentioned, consider either open source or TFS if you want to stick with MS. (We use TFS, but I'm not going to sing its praises - it's OK.) As AMissico mentioned, branching will help with any VCS that supports it. Learning to use branching effectively is not trivial, and will require study and/or training.
Continuous Integration will also help. TeamCity is what we use, and it's relatively simple to set up. See FeatureBranch.
I'm working on a project that will (soon) be branched into multiple different versions (Trial, Professional, Enterprise, etc).
I've been using Subversion since it was first released (and CVS before that), so I'm comfortable with the abstract notion of branches and tags. But in all my development experience, I've only ever really worked on trunk code. In a few rare cases, some other developer (who owned the repository) asked me to commit changes to a certain branch and I just did whatever he asked me to do. I consider "merging" a bizarre black art, and I've only ever attempted it under careful supervision.
But in this case, I'm responsible for the repository, and this kind of thing is totally new to me.
The vast majority of the code will be shared between all products, so I assume that code will always reside in trunk. I also assume I'll have a branch for each version, with tags for release builds of each product.
But beyond that, I don't know much, and I'm sure there are a thousand and one different ways to screw it up. If possible, I'd like to avoid screwing it up.
For example, let's say I want to develop a new feature, for the pro and enterprise versions, but I want to exclude that feature from the demo version. How would I accomplish that?
In my day-to-day development, I also assume I need to switch my development snapshot from branch to branch (or back to trunk) as I work. What's the best way to do that, in a way that minimizes confusion?
What other strategies, guidelines, and tips do you guys suggest?
UPDATE:
Well, all right then.
Looks like branching is not the right strategy at all. So I've changed the title of the question to remove the "branching" focus, and I'm broadening the question.
I suppose some of my other options are:
1) I could always distribute the full version of the software, with all features, and use the license to selectively enable and disable features based on authorization in the license. If I took this route, I can imagine a rat's nest of if/else blocks calling into a singleton "license manager" object of some sort. What's the best way of avoiding code-spaghettiism in a case like this?
2) I could use dependency injection. But generally, I hate it (since it moves logic from the source code into configuration files, which make the project more difficult to grok). And even then, I'm still distributing the full app and selecting features at runtime. If possible, I'd rather not distribute the enterprise version binaries to demo users.
3) If my platform supported conditional compilation, I could use #IFDEF blocks and build flags to selectively include features. That'd work well for big, chunky features like whole GUI panels. But what about for smaller, cross-cutting concerts...like logging or statistical tracking, for example?
4) I'm using ANT to build. Is there something like build-time dependency injection for ANT?
A most interesting question. I like the idea of distributing everything and then using a license key to enable and disable certain features. You have a valid concern about it being a lot of work to go through the code and continue to check if the user is licensed for a certain feature. It sounds a lot like you're working in java so what I would suggest is that you look into using an aspect weaver to insert the code for license checking at build time. There is still a going to be one object into which all calls for license checking goes but it isn't as bad of a practice if you're using an aspect, I would say that it is good practice.
For the most part you only need to read if something is licensed and you'll have a smallish number of components so the table could be kept in memory at all times and because it is just reads you shouldn't have too much trouble with threading.
As an alternative you could distribute a number of jars, one for each component which is licensed and only allow loading the classes which are licensed. You would have to tie into the class loader to achieve this.
Do you want to do this via Subversion ? I would use Subversion to maintain different releases (a branch per release e.g. v1.0, v2.0 etc.) but I would look at building different editions (trial/pro etc.) from the same codebase.
That way you're simply enabling or disabling various features via a build and you're not having to worry about synchronising different branches. If you use Subversion to manage different releases and different versions, I can see an explosion of branches/tags in the near future.
For switching, you can simply maintain a checked-out codebase, and use svn switch to checkout differing versions. It's a lot less time-consuming than performing new checkouts for each switch.
You are right not to jump on the branching and merging cart so fast. It's a PITA.
The only reason I would want to branch a subversion repository is if I want to share my code with another developer. For example, if you work on a feature together and it is not done yet, you should use a branch to communicate. Otherwise, I would stay on trunk as much as possible.
I second the recommendation of Brian to differentiate the releases on build and not on the code base.
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I have the opportunity to give a formal presentation to my boss about anything that benefits the company. My idea is to adopt source control in my workplace. I have been using Mercurial to manage my own project at work, but the rest of the team does not have a formal source control system in place. Unfortunately, I'm not very good at presenting ideas.
So, can you guys tell me why developers MUST use source control? Additionally, why would you choose any tool except Visual SourceSafe? I don't have experience using VSS, but he is likely to ask why we wouldn't just use Microsoft's tools.
I want to hear opinions from the many smart programmers here! My preferred options are SVN or mercurial. Both seem to have good support for their Windows versions, and both are less archaic than CVS. Also, as a self-declared open source disciple, I would prefer to suggest an open-source tool. :)
Thank you!
Edit: To make it short, generally, current practice for other developers is copying folder, tag with date and maybe record on their own. You get the picture. What if my boss says "if it works, why fix it?"
Let's compare two examples, one development environment that uses source control, and one that doesn't.
A: Does Use
B: Does not Use
Scenario 1: A project is requested, completed, and rolled out
A + B) Programmers develop the project internally, when it's completed, push it out to testing, and then deliver to the client (whoever that may be)
Not much difference, in the big picture
Scenario 2: After a project is released, the client decides that they don't want feature X
A + B) Developers remove the code that the client doesn't want, test, and deliver.
Again, not much difference.
Scenario 3: Two weeks later, the client decides that they actually DO want feature X
A) Developers reintegrate the code they took out in 2 back into the normal development tree, test, and deliver.
B) The developers search for the old code on their personal machines, the file server, and backups. If they find the code, they must manually reinsert each file. If they do not, they probably have to recode that entire feature.
It's easy to get old code that you took out for one reason or another
Scenario 4: There's a strange bug in the system where a function is supposed to return a boolean result, but always returns false. It wasn't like that two weeks ago.
A) Developers examine all the old versions of the software, and figure out that a return false directive isn't in the proper scope - it's executing inside a loop instead of outside.
B) Developers spend weeks trying to figure out what the problem is. Eventually, they notice the return on the wrong line, and fix it. Not having source control means they had to examine each and every file that was executed, rather than finding the differences from when it was working and now.
Scenario 5: Someone breaks the build. It gets past testing and is only noticed weeks later.
A) The team examines the commit history, finds out who broke the build, makes that person fix it and buy the team dinner.
B) The team has to go back through the entire project to find the error, but can't figure out who put that code in. Developers blame each other, and the team dynamic fails.
It's easy to see who committed what, when, and why.
Use source control because neither you nor your team are perfect. The primary function of source control is to ensure that you have a complete historical record of your development process. Having this record, you have the ability to confidently branch out with "experimental" versions, knowing that if the experiment fails, you can back up to an earlier version.
In addition, a good source control system like svn will permit multiple developers to work on the same file and provide powerful tools for reconciling the differences that each introduces.
Simply - so you have a true history of the code - to investigate changes (reasons for bugs), revert to versions, audit, etc. Backup isn't enough - you simply have a copy of the current picture. Ever change a file and wish you could remember what you did?
You have to use Source Control for these reasons
1) You can rollback to any version
2) Different developers can work on the same files
3) All developers, will have access to the same code base
4) You can track changes
5) You can rollback changes that don't work
6) Source control is the basis of continuous integration and helps massively with TDD
7) If you don't use source control, you will slowly go mad as files get lost/overwritten and nothing works as it should
VSS is not the worst SCC application, I used it for years and grew to hate it, but it does work, is simple, and many people know it.
Here's a simple real-life example.
A few years ago, my boss says, "Feature XYZ used to work, and now it doesn't. No one knows what happened. Can you fix it?"
Now I've never worked with feature XYZ before. So fixing it would involve a lot of flailing around trying to figure out what it does.
But we have source control! So I do this:
Create a test script to test feature XYZ: "Click here, type this, click there, etc."
Get current version. Build. Test. Feature XYZ is broken.
Get version from a week ago. Build. Test. Feature XYZ works.
Get version halfway between those two. Build. Test. Feature XYZ works.
Get version halfway between previous one, and current one. Build. Test. Feature XYZ is broken.
I kept doing this binary search until eventually I hit the point of change: version 145 (we'll say) had the feature working, but version 146 had it broken. Then I just did a compare between those two versions to see what changed. Turns out our technical lead (sigh) had checked in code that changed functionality, but also introduced a side effect that broke feature XYZ.
So I removed the side effect, tested...and lo and behold, feature XYZ worked again.
Without source control, you can never do this. You'll have to flail around, changing one thing or another, hoping to magically hit on the thing that makes feature XYZ work again.
With source control, you just test your way through the versions, pinpoint the exact code that caused the problem, and fix it.
Microsoft (MSDN) has a good article on the benefits of source control.
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms173539.aspx
There are also lots of good questions here on SO as to the pros and cons.
What are your pros and cons of git after having used it?
Subversion is very popular, but Git is going to be the "next big thing" in the source control world.
It seems to me that most people have covered the major feature of source control but one of the biggest positives is skipped over. These are:
Branches
Without a source code repository it is impossible to create branches (or copies/stream/etc.) of your code for particular purposes. Not being able to create and merge branches is one of the biggest things that disqualifies VSS from being a real source code control system. Some of the purposes of a branch include:
Bug Fix
Sometimes you need to resolve a bug and do it in a place away form the mainline or trunk version of your code. This may be to resolve a problem in the testing environment or any number of reasons. If you have a version control tool you should be able to easily make a new branch (something VSS sucks at) to fix the bug and be able to merge it back into the mainline code if necessary
Maintenance Release
This could be much the same as a bug fix but done after code has been released to production. Examples would be for fix packs, service releases, etc. Again, you want to be able to merge the changes back into the trunk if necessary
New Feature
Sometimes you need to start development of a new version while maintaining your current code. For example you release and maintain v1.0 but need to start work on v2.0 while maintaining v1.0. Branches help resolve this situation
Tagging/Labeling
Another thing source code control systems do is make snapshots of the source code at a particular point in time. These are called labels in VSS, tags in subversion, etc. By creating these on a regular basis and linking them to some substantial milestone in your project it then becomes possible to determine what exactly has changed in your code between releases. This can be important for auditors but also in tracking down the source/scope of an issue. VSS also gets a fail here because VSS only versions the files, not directories. This means it is impossible to re-create a previous version of the system if you rename/move/delete files or directories in the repository (something that happens a lot if you refactor). Good source code control systems like Subversion do just this.
I suggest using SVN, because:
Source control gives you excellent history. You can see where what changes have been made, thus providing a great way to see what's changed over time (even better if you fill out the submit summary each time)
To the developer, it provides an excellent fallback if something goes horribly wrong. You can revert changes to a file back to any point in its history, so you can try out that mod you wanted to make, and if it doesn't work, roll it right back easily.
It provides a central repository that is much easier to back up than running around to different developers' computers.
It allows you to branch a project off in a different direction - useful for specializations and customizations.
It enables more than one developer to work together on the same project, and the same source, by letting you merge and otherwise manipulate changes to one central copy.
I suggest NOT using VSS - see this page for reasons:
http://www.highprogrammer.com/alan/windev/sourcesafe.html for more reasons.
If the current process is copying a folder and giving it a date, isn't that so that you get some sort of development history, so isn't that basically a simple form of source control?
So to answer any criticisms about source control, you're already doing it. Now you just need to point out the weaknesses in the current system and suggest a better one.
Why do you need to re-invent the wheel when people have really thought about a lot of the complex scenarios which can occur during development and developed the tools which let them handle them.
What you're currently doing is very fragile and will fall over if any sort of complex scenario comes up, at which point you'll have to expend a lot of energy working out how to do something that the tools already do. VSS is better than what you're doing, but doesn't have the very useful conventions that SVN, git or mercurial has which allows multiple projects to live together in a well organised manner - I'm talking branches, tags and merging, both of which are fragile and basically a nightmare under vss.
SVN does have plugins for visual studio. Some are free. But I find that tortoise-svn just eclipses anything else. The only benefit I find with a plugin is that new files get added to svn automatically.
So, weaknesses of your current system:
If you have to make a change to a file, you are likely to overwrite or be overwritten by the other dev's changes. You may not even notice this.
If you have to remember which files you've changed to copy them over some 'master' copy, you're likely to miss one at some point.
Good luck ever finding any documentation about when you made a change and why.
How could you ever build a stable automated build system on your current system? Cruise control and hudson work really well, you're hobbling yourself
VSS doesn't group changes to multiple files together very well. Everything modern does this extremely well and with atomic consistency.
VSS branch and merge support is awful. When we used it we ended up bracketing every change with comments in source code and manually copying code around rather than relying on VSS merge.
It's going to be very hard, near impossible in your current system, to have some version of the code in live maintenance and some other, later version, in heavy development. Think about what's needed to keep two projects in sync like this, you'll need a good tool. SVN can do it, git can do it really well.
That might be enough to go on with, can do more.
Having some version control system helps in any, many cases:
Single developer, single branch
The most basic task that each version control system has to perform perfectly if it wants to call itself version control is to be able to go back to specified version of a project. If you made mess of things, you can got to previous version. You can examine some previous version to check how it was done then (for example how it was before refactoring, or before removing some code/file).
Version control systems take much less disk space compared to simply saving backup copies with specified date, because they use deltaification (storing only differences from previous version) and compression. Usually backup systems are means to store last N versions of a project, sometimes with N=1 (only previous version) while version control systems (VCS) store all the history of a project. Knowing Murphy a while after deleting Nth last version you would realize that was the version you want to examine.
Additionally going back to some last version is easy and automated. You can also examine how single file looked like at some past version, and you can get differences (in diff format) between current state and some past version. You can also tag (or 'label') versions, so you can refer to past version not only by date, or by being nth version from current one, but also by symbolic name, for example v1.2 or v1.2-rc0.
With version control system you can examine history to remind you why (and how) some piece of code (some part of a given file) arrived at current state. Most VCS allow to examine line-wise history of a file, i.e. annotating each line of a file when it was changed, in what commit, and by whom (the command is named annotate, blame or praise depending on VCS). In some VCS you can search history for a version (revision) which introduced given fragment of code (e.g. called 'pickaxe search' in Git, one of VCS).
For this feature to be really useful you have to maintain some discipline: you should describe each new version (each new revision / each new commit) writing down why the change was made. Such description (commit message) is very useful, but it doesn't have natural place in backup system.
This feature of course is even more useful if you are not the only developer...
Using version control system allows for alternate way to find bugs in the code, namely by searching history to find version which introduced bug: bisectiong history. When you find revision which introduced bug, you would have limited (in best case: very limited) area to search for bug, because bug has to be in the difference betwen last working version and first version with a bug. Also you would have description of a change (a commit message) to remind you what you wanted to do. This feature is also called sometimes diff debugging. Modern version control systems (VCS) have support for automated (or semi-automated) searching the history by bisecting it (dividing history in half, finding which part contains bug, repeat until single responsible version is found), in the form of bisect (or similar) command.
For this feature to be really useful you have to maintain some discipline: you should commit (save changes / put given state in version control system to remember) single change, dealing with only one feature, with only small difference from the previous version; i.e. commit often.
Most version control systems offer various hooks which allow for example for automated testing, or automated building of a product... or simply reminding you that you do not follow coding standard (coding guidelines).
Single developer, multiple branches
Version control systems allow to create multiple alternate parallel lines of development, called branches (or streams, or views). Common case is having development branches, i.e. having separate branch for unstable development (to test new features), separate branch for stable (main, trunk) version which is (or should be) current working version, and one on more separate maintenance (fixup) branches.
Having maintenance branches allow you to do bugfixes and generate service packs / minor version with corrections to some released version, without need to worry about interference from the new development. Later you can merge maintenace branch into stable, or pick bigfix from maintenance branch into stable and development branches (if further/other development didn't fix bug independently).
Modern VCS (here modern means that both branching and merging branches is easy) allow to go a bit further, i.e. generate separate branch for working on a separate feature (so called topic branches). This allow you to switch between working one one feature to working on other feature (and not only switch from eveloping new feature to working on urgent requested bugfix).
If you are developing your product based on source of some other (usually third party) product, you really should use vendor branches to be able to easy integrate new version of a product from vendor with the changes you made. Admittedly this is no longer purely "single developer" case.
Multiple developers
Using version control systems brings even further advantages if there are more than one developer working on the same project. VCS allow for concurent (parallel) development without worrying that somebody would overwrite your changes, or does not take your changes into account. Of course using version control system is no substitute for communication.
All of the above features are even more important in the multiple-developer case: examining who generated given change, who last changed the code (aka. who broke the build), finding a bug in code not written only by you.
Simple: If the code is not in source safe, it doesn't exist
Subversion is free and better than VSS but VSS is definitely better then nothing.
Before you say anything, find out why your company is not using source control.
Once you know why, it is easy to come up with scenarios where source control can help.
Long discussion on why you should absolutely have source control:
Is Version Control necessary for a small development group (1-2 programmers)?
My comments from that thread:
You always, always want to have some
sort of Source Control even if you are
working on a project by yourself.
Having a history of changes is vital
to being able to see the state of a
codebase at any given time. There are
a variety of reasons for looking back
in a project history which range from
just being able to rollback a bad
change to providing support for an old
release when the customer just wants a
patch to fix a bug rather than
upgrading to a newer version of the
software.
Not having some sort of source control
is pure insanity.
As far as VSS goes - it's certainly better than nothing. It's definitely not the best source control and it's very dated, but the fact it that it continues to do the job for an awful lot of companies out there.
If your boss is determined to stick with Microsoft tools, go for Team Foundation Server instead of VSS. It's a much better system than VSS and it has nice features like integrated bug tracking.
Take it from me, VSS blows. It's basic file storage w/ history. Anything is better than VSS and VSS is better than nothing :)
So, can you guys tell me why
developers MUST use source control?
It provides one method for an entire
team to use; everybody operates under
the same 'ground rules'.
Changes are
orderly vs. chaotic, saving
development time.
The ability to track
changes promotes accountability and
makes it easier to find the right
persom to solve problems in the
materials maintained.
A list of exact
changes made can be generated quickly
and easily, making it easier to
advise users of the information on
how it has changed from version to
version.
It is easy to 'roll back' to
an earlier version of the
information, if a serious mistake was
made during a change.
Source Control is like insurance! You hope you never need it, but are glad you have it when you do!
Why do a formal presentation?
Assuming the team size is at least two, do a real-world example: Let two (or more, the more the better) people get the code, make their changes and show what it takes to integrate all those changes using whatever non source control means you use.
Then do the same scenario using the source control.
The amount of time and pain you save by using source control will speak for itself.
Stick to the bottom line, explain how it relates to money and your boss will probably listen.
If you are only one programmer, I'd say the main argument is the reduced chance that you will waste time (and therefore money) fixing simple mistakes, trying to rollback code that turned to be the wrong idea etc.
If you are more than one programmer then the above goes twice plus it's the only sane way to be able to work together on the same codebase without wasting even more time waiting for eachother,
Visual Source safe is better than nothing but there are free options that are better in almost every respect. If your boss needs a presentation to understand why source control is essential he might not care what tool you use once he has been enlightened. That you have experience with other tools and not vss again relates to the bottom line so that might suffice.
Why shouldn't your team adopt source control?
Even as a solo developer, I use source control. In a modern software development environment, I can think of few if any reasons why you would not use source control. It is more surprising that you don't already have it. The question strikes me as something like house painters asking "Why should we adopt the use of ladders. You know, ladders don't get the house painted - brushes do."
I'm really sorry but if you actually have to argue for [the formalization of] source control in a development environment, you're in a hopeless situation. If your boss actually needs to be convinced that source control is a worthwhile endeavor, your boss is simply not suitable to be a manager of a group of software developers. In order for someone to effectively manage, they really need at the very least a basic understanding of the landscape. I can't even imagine what's going to happen when you actually need to argue for something that's worth having an argument and doing a presentation over.
Developing without source control is like driving a car without breaks. You lose the ability to do seamless concurrent development, you lose your code getting backed up in working copies, you lose the ability to do historic research via code annotations, you lose the benefit of seeing the context and comments that accompany discrete changes, you just lose, period. Using source control is so obvious and has so many benefits, it's shocking that you'd have to justify it.
At work, we use subversion, but some developers (myself included) use Git locally via the git-svn bridge. For personal work, I use Git.
Because:
It will reduce costs - Developers will have to spend less time checking an item in/out of a real VCS than their current ad-hoc approach.
It will protect the organization's intellectual property - this should be the most important consideration for any software company (other than data...). You are payed to create software - shouldn't it be accessible in its entirety?
It will provide quicker, more reliable and straightforward backup mechanisms - all VCSs have built in dumping capabilities. These tend to be more mature than a simple file copy.
It will act as a communication mechanism between developers - depending on the version control system you may use comments/labels/checkout status to determine if someone else has worked on a file, if it has been promoted to production, if it has a corresponding support ticket number etc.
It streamlines development - the ability to compare versions of files as well as the other mechanisms will be beneficial to your company period.
The main reason we use version control is consistentency.
If the projects are not consistent then problems are going to occur and code is going to be lost.
Make sure you have buy in for the rest of the team. Maybe you can test your presentation on them? Hopefully, they see the need as well.
Nice to see good practices being initiated from the bottom up. Maybe everyone will be more likely to adopt the practice if it comes from one of their own instead of some management mandate.
To avoid things like
"Hey! What happens ? It worked yesterday."
The easiest way to convince management to invest Time in a SCCS is focus on backup and archival. By utilizing something like Subversion (SVN), you can restore any project to any point in time instantly. There is no need to have someone look through backup tapes or worry about tracking multiple versions in an obtuse directory structure.
There are obviously many other advantages (i.e. 2 people working on the same file at the same time), but backups are what quickly sold my company many years ago.
Others have mentioned the specific benefits of source control elsewhere, but I wanted to explicitly address the "VSS" portion of the question.
If your boss wants to use a Microsoft tool, Team Foundation Server with Team Suite is a very nice combination. It also has other tools included, such as bug tracking, documents, and reporting capabilities, which makes a nice platform on which to later improve your process. We are quite happy with it where I work, and my coworkers have told me horror stories about VSS.
Keep TFS in mind as a response to the 'Microsoft Tools' question.