OpenCV: how to rotate IplImage? - image-manipulation

Question

I need to rotate an image by very small angle, like 1-5 degrees. Does OpenCV provide simple way of doing that? From reading docs i can assume that getAffineTransform() should be involved, but there is no direct example of doing something like:
IplImage *rotateImage( IplImage *source, double angle);

Answer 1

If you use OpenCV > 2.0 it is as easy as
using namespace cv;
Mat rotateImage(const Mat& source, double angle)
{
Point2f src_center(source.cols/2.0F, source.rows/2.0F);
Mat rot_mat = getRotationMatrix2D(src_center, angle, 1.0);
Mat dst;
warpAffine(source, dst, rot_mat, source.size());
return dst;
}
Note: angle is in degrees, not radians.
See the C++ interface documentation for more details and adapt as you need:
getRotationMatrix
warpAffine

Answer 2

Edit: To down voter: Please comment the reason for down voting a tried and tested code?
#include "cv.h"
#include "highgui.h"
#include "math.h"
int main( int argc, char** argv )
{
IplImage* src = cvLoadImage("lena.jpg", 1);
IplImage* dst = cvCloneImage( src );
int delta = 1;
int angle = 0;
int opt = 1; // 1： rotate & zoom
// 0: rotate only
double factor;
cvNamedWindow("src", 1);
cvShowImage("src", src);
for(;;)
{
float m[6];
CvMat M = cvMat(2, 3, CV_32F, m);
int w = src->width;
int h = src->height;
if(opt)
factor = (cos(angle*CV_PI/180.) + 1.05) * 2;
else
factor = 1;
m[0] = (float)(factor*cos(-angle*2*CV_PI/180.));
m[1] = (float)(factor*sin(-angle*2*CV_PI/180.));
m[3] = -m[1];
m[4] = m[0];
m[2] = w*0.5f;
m[5] = h*0.5f;
cvGetQuadrangleSubPix( src, dst, &M);
cvNamedWindow("dst", 1);
cvShowImage("dst", dst);
if( cvWaitKey(1) == 27 )
break;
angle =(int)(angle + delta) % 360;
}
return 0;
}
UPDATE: See the following code for rotation using warpaffine
https://code.google.com/p/opencvjp-sample/source/browse/trunk/cpp/affine2_cpp.cpp?r=48
#include <cv.h>
#include <highgui.h>
using namespace cv;
int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
// (1)load a specified file as a 3-channel color image,
// set its ROI, and allocate a destination image
const string imagename = argc > 1 ? argv[1] : "../image/building.png";
Mat src_img = imread(imagename);
if(!src_img.data)
return -1;
Mat dst_img = src_img.clone();
// (2)set ROI
Rect roi_rect(cvRound(src_img.cols*0.25), cvRound(src_img.rows*0.25), cvRound(src_img.cols*0.5), cvRound(src_img.rows*0.5));
Mat src_roi(src_img, roi_rect);
Mat dst_roi(dst_img, roi_rect);
// (2)With specified three parameters (angle, rotation center, scale)
// calculate an affine transformation matrix by cv2DRotationMatrix
double angle = -45.0, scale = 1.0;
Point2d center(src_roi.cols*0.5, src_roi.rows*0.5);
const Mat affine_matrix = getRotationMatrix2D( center, angle, scale );
// (3)rotate the image by warpAffine taking the affine matrix
warpAffine(src_roi, dst_roi, affine_matrix, dst_roi.size(), INTER_LINEAR, BORDER_CONSTANT, Scalar::all(255));
// (4)show source and destination images with a rectangle indicating ROI
rectangle(src_img, roi_rect.tl(), roi_rect.br(), Scalar(255,0,255), 2);
namedWindow("src", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
namedWindow("dst", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
imshow("src", src_img);
imshow("dst", dst_img);
waitKey(0);
return 0;
}

Answer 3

Check my answer to a similar problem:
Rotating an image in C/C++
Essentially, use cvWarpAffine - I've described how to get the 2x3 transformation matrix from the angle in my previous answer.

Answer 4

Updating full answer for OpenCV 2.4 and up
// ROTATE p by R
/**
* Rotate p according to rotation matrix (from getRotationMatrix2D()) R
* #param R Rotation matrix from getRotationMatrix2D()
* #param p Point2f to rotate
* #return Returns rotated coordinates in a Point2f
*/
Point2f rotPoint(const Mat &R, const Point2f &p)
{
Point2f rp;
rp.x = (float)(R.at<double>(0,0)*p.x + R.at<double>(0,1)*p.y + R.at<double>(0,2));
rp.y = (float)(R.at<double>(1,0)*p.x + R.at<double>(1,1)*p.y + R.at<double>(1,2));
return rp;
}
//COMPUTE THE SIZE NEEDED TO LOSSLESSLY STORE A ROTATED IMAGE
/**
* Return the size needed to contain bounding box bb when rotated by R
* #param R Rotation matrix from getRotationMatrix2D()
* #param bb bounding box rectangle to be rotated by R
* #return Size of image(width,height) that will compleley contain bb when rotated by R
*/
Size rotatedImageBB(const Mat &R, const Rect &bb)
{
//Rotate the rectangle coordinates
vector<Point2f> rp;
rp.push_back(rotPoint(R,Point2f(bb.x,bb.y)));
rp.push_back(rotPoint(R,Point2f(bb.x + bb.width,bb.y)));
rp.push_back(rotPoint(R,Point2f(bb.x + bb.width,bb.y+bb.height)));
rp.push_back(rotPoint(R,Point2f(bb.x,bb.y+bb.height)));
//Find float bounding box r
float x = rp[0].x;
float y = rp[0].y;
float left = x, right = x, up = y, down = y;
for(int i = 1; i<4; ++i)
{
x = rp[i].x;
y = rp[i].y;
if(left > x) left = x;
if(right < x) right = x;
if(up > y) up = y;
if(down < y) down = y;
}
int w = (int)(right - left + 0.5);
int h = (int)(down - up + 0.5);
return Size(w,h);
}
/**
* Rotate region "fromroi" in image "fromI" a total of "angle" degrees and put it in "toI" if toI exists.
* If toI doesn't exist, create it such that it will hold the entire rotated region. Return toI, rotated imge
* This will put the rotated fromroi piece of fromI into the toI image
*
* #param fromI Input image to be rotated
* #param toI Output image if provided, (else if &toI = 0, it will create a Mat fill it with the rotated image roi, and return it).
* #param fromroi roi region in fromI to be rotated.
* #param angle Angle in degrees to rotate
* #return Rotated image (you can ignore if you passed in toI
*/
Mat rotateImage(const Mat &fromI, Mat *toI, const Rect &fromroi, double angle)
{
//CHECK STUFF
// you should protect against bad parameters here ... omitted ...
//MAKE OR GET THE "toI" MATRIX
Point2f cx((float)fromroi.x + (float)fromroi.width/2.0,fromroi.y +
(float)fromroi.height/2.0);
Mat R = getRotationMatrix2D(cx,angle,1);
Mat rotI;
if(toI)
rotI = *toI;
else
{
Size rs = rotatedImageBB(R, fromroi);
rotI.create(rs,fromI.type());
}
//ADJUST FOR SHIFTS
double wdiff = (double)((cx.x - rotI.cols/2.0));
double hdiff = (double)((cx.y - rotI.rows/2.0));
R.at<double>(0,2) -= wdiff; //Adjust the rotation point to the middle of the dst image
R.at<double>(1,2) -= hdiff;
//ROTATE
warpAffine(fromI, rotI, R, rotI.size(), INTER_CUBIC, BORDER_CONSTANT, Scalar::all(0));
//& OUT
return(rotI);
}

Answer 5

IplImage* rotate(double angle, float centreX, float centreY, IplImage* src, bool crop)
{
int w=src->width;
int h=src->height;
CvPoint2D32f centre;
centre.x = centreX;
centre.y = centreY;
CvMat* warp_mat = cvCreateMat(2, 3, CV_32FC1);
cv2DRotationMatrix(centre, angle, 1.0, warp_mat);
double m11= cvmGet(warp_mat,0,0);
double m12= cvmGet(warp_mat,0,1);
double m13= cvmGet(warp_mat,0,2);
double m21= cvmGet(warp_mat,1,0);
double m22= cvmGet(warp_mat,1,1);
double m23= cvmGet(warp_mat,1,2);
double m31= 0;
double m32= 0;
double m33= 1;
double x=0;
double y=0;
double u0= (m11*x + m12*y + m13)/(m31*x + m32*y + m33);
double v0= (m21*x + m22*y + m23)/(m31*x + m32*y + m33);
x=w;
y=0;
double u1= (m11*x + m12*y + m13)/(m31*x + m32*y + m33);
double v1= (m21*x + m22*y + m23)/(m31*x + m32*y + m33);
x=0;
y=h;
double u2= (m11*x + m12*y + m13)/(m31*x + m32*y + m33);
double v2= (m21*x + m22*y + m23)/(m31*x + m32*y + m33);
x=w;
y=h;
double u3= (m11*x + m12*y + m13)/(m31*x + m32*y + m33);
double v3= (m21*x + m22*y + m23)/(m31*x + m32*y + m33);
int left= MAX(MAX(u0,u2),0);
int right= MIN(MIN(u1,u3),w);
int top= MAX(MAX(v0,v1),0);
int bottom= MIN(MIN(v2,v3),h);
ASSERT(left<right&&top<bottom); // throw message?
if (left<right&&top<bottom)
{
IplImage* dst= cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(src), IPL_DEPTH_8U, src->nChannels);
cvWarpAffine(src, dst, warp_mat/*, CV_INTER_LINEAR + CV_WARP_FILL_OUTLIERS, cvScalarAll(0)*/);
if (crop) // crop and resize to initial size
{
IplImage* dst_crop= cvCreateImage(cvSize(right-left, bottom-top), IPL_DEPTH_8U, src->nChannels);
cvSetImageROI(dst,cvRect(left,top,right-left,bottom-top));
cvCopy(dst,dst_crop);
cvReleaseImage(&dst);
cvReleaseMat(&warp_mat);
//ver1
//return dst_crop;
// ver2 resize
IplImage* out= cvCreateImage(cvSize(w, h), IPL_DEPTH_8U, src->nChannels);
cvResize(dst_crop,out);
cvReleaseImage(&dst_crop);
return out;
}
else
{
/*cvLine( dst, cvPoint(left,top),cvPoint(left, bottom), cvScalar(0, 0, 255, 0) ,1,CV_AA);
cvLine( dst, cvPoint(right,top),cvPoint(right, bottom), cvScalar(0, 0, 255, 0) ,1,CV_AA);
cvLine( dst, cvPoint(left,top),cvPoint(right, top), cvScalar(0, 0, 255, 0) ,1,CV_AA);
cvLine( dst, cvPoint(left,bottom),cvPoint(right, bottom), cvScalar(0, 0, 255, 0) ,1,CV_AA);*/
cvReleaseMat(&warp_mat);
return dst;
}
}
else
{
return NULL; //assert?
}
}