Im using the Net::Twitter module from CPAN, but I'm having a small issue with it.
The following subroutine searches for a term on Twitter but I cant seem to get anything
but a HASH value (ie. %HASH(0x9096dc0) )
How do I go about getting just the contents of the tweet?
sub twit_search
{
my $term = shift #_;
my $page = 1;
my #results;
while (scalar #results < $opts{maxresults})
{
my $rset = $handle->search({query=>$term, page => $page, rpp => $opts{rpp} });
print "Searching for $term (page $page)\n" if $opts{verbose};
if (ref $rset eq 'HASH' && exists $rset->{results})
{
last unless #{$rset->{results}};
push #results, #{$rset->{results}};
printf "Now we have %d entries\n", scalar #results if $opts{verbose};
}
$page++;
}
foreach my $tweet (#results)
{
print $tweet;
}
}
What you're getting back is actually a hash reference, which can be used to get at the hash containing the actual data. You can use Data::Dumper; print Dumper($tweet); to see the full structure and contents of the tweet.
It's been a year or so since I last wrote Twitter-related code, but I believe the actual text of the tweet should be in the "text" key, so, to print that, use
print $tweet->{text};
Related
I'm trying to mirror the website which having the files and folder to hash.
This one having example So I tried, the following
my $url = "http://localhost/mainfolder/";
my ($parent) = $url=~m/\/(\w+)\/?$/;
my %tree=(mainfolder=>[]);
folder_create($url);
sub folder_create
{
my $url = shift;
my $cont = get($url);
my ($child) = $url=~m/($parent.*)/;
$child=~s/\/?(\w+)\/?/{$1}/g;
while($cont=~m/(<tr.+?<\/tr>)/g)
{
my $line = $1;
if($line=~m/\[DIR\].*?href="([^"]*)"[^>]*>(.+?)<\/a>/)
{
my $sub =$1;
$sub=~s/\///;
print "$child\n\n";
push ( eval'#{$tree $child}',$sub);
}
}
}
use Data::Dumper;
print Dumper \%tree,"\n\n\n";
Update
Instead of messing with eval you should use the Data::Diver module
Because of the single quotes, you're trying to execute #{$hash$var} which isn't valid Perl.
If you wrote it as
push eval "\#{\$hash$var}", "somedata"
Then the eval would work, but it would evaluate to the contents of the array in hash element main, which is an empty list of values. That means your call would become
push( ( ), "somedata")
or just
push "somedata"
which is meaningless
This is a particularly unpleasant thing to want to do. Why do you think you need it?
I am writing a code for calling a subroutine which has 4 argument(3 hashes and one file handler).i want to know how to access them in subroutine.My code is as below.
#print OUTFILE "Content of TPC file:.\n";
my $DATA_INFO = $ARGV[0];
my $OUT_DIR = $ARGV[1];
my $log= "$OUT_DIR/log1";
open(LOG1,">$log");
require "$DATA_INFO";
my $SCRIPT_DIR = $ENV{"SCRIPT_DIR"} ;
require "$SCRIPT_DIR/cmp_fault.pl";
require "$SCRIPT_DIR/pattern_mismatch.pl";
require "$SCRIPT_DIR/scan_count.pl";
print "\nComparing data:\n\n" ;
pattern_mismatch("\%data","\%VAR1","\%status",*LOG1);
cmp_fault("\%data","\%VAR1","\%status",*LOG1);
scan_count("\%data","\%status",*LOG1);
print "\n Comparison done:\n";
foreach $pattern (keys %status) {
print "pattern";
foreach $attr (keys %{$status{$pattern}}) {
print ",$attr";
}
print "\n";
last;
}
#Print Data
foreach $pattern (keys %status) {
print "$pattern";
foreach $attr (keys %{$status{$pattern}}) {
print ",$status{$pattern}{$attr}";
}
print "\n";
Sub routine cmp_fault is here:
sub cmp_fault {
use strict;
use warning;
$data_ref= $_[0];;
$VAR1_ref= $_[1];
$status_ref = $_[2];
$log1_ref=$_[3];
# print LOG1"For TPC : First find the pattern and then its fault type\n";
for $pat ( keys %$data_ref ) {
print "fgh:\n$pat,";
for $key (keys %{$data_ref{$pat}}) {
if($key=~/fault/){
print LOG1 "$key:$data_ref{$pat}{$key},\n";
}
}
}
# print LOG1 "\nFor XLS : First find the pattern and then its pattern type\n";
for $sheet (keys %$VAR1_ref){
if ("$sheet" eq "ATPG") {
for $row (1 .. $#{$VAR1_ref->{$sheet}}) {
$patname = $VAR1_ref->{'ATPG'}[$row]{'Pattern'} ;
next if ("$patname" eq "") ;
$faultXls = $VAR1_ref->{'ATPG'}[$row]{'FaultType'} ;
# print LOG1 " $patname==>$faultXls \n";
if (defined $data{$patname}{'fault'}) {
$faultTpc = $data{$patname}{'fault'} ;
# print LOG1 "\n $patname :XLS: $faultXls :TPC: $faultTpc\n";
if("$faultXls" eq "$faultTpc") {
print LOG1 "PASS: FaultType Matched $patname :XLS: $faultXls :TPC: $faultTpc\n\n\n";
print "PASS: FaultType Matched $patname :XLS: $faultXls :TPC: $faultTpc\n\n";
$status_ref->{$patname}{'FaultType'} = PASS;
}
else {
print LOG1 "FAIL: FaultType Doesn't Match\n\n";
$status_ref->{$patname}{'FaultType'} = Fail;
}
}
}
}
}
}
return 1;
When passing parameters into an array, you can only ever pass a single list of parameters.
For scalars, this isn't a problem. If all you're acting on is a single array, this also isn't a problem.
If you need to send scalars and an array or hash, then the easy way is to 'extract' the scalar parameters first, and then treat 'everything else' as the list.
use strict;
use warnings;
sub scalars_and_array {
my ( $first, $second, #rest ) = #_;
print "$first, $second, ", join( ":", #rest ), "\n";
}
scalars_and_array( "1", "2", "3", 4, 5, 6 );
But it should be noted that by doing so - you're passing values. You can do this with hashes too.
To pass data structure references, it's as you note - pass by reference, then dereference. It's useful to be aware though, that -> becomes useful, because it's accessing a hash and dereferencing it.
use strict;
use warnings;
use Data::Dumper;
sub pass_hash {
my ( $hashref ) = #_;
print $hashref,"\n";
print $hashref -> {"one"},"\n";
print $hashref -> {"fish"} -> {"haddock"};
}
my %test_hash = ( "one" => 2,
"three" => 4,
"fish" => { "haddock" => "plaice" }, );
pass_hash ( \%test_hash );
print "\n";
print Dumper \%test_hash;
The core of your problem here though, is that you haven't turned on strict and warnings which would tell you that:
for $pat ( keys %data_ref ) {
is wrong - there is no hash called data_ref there's only a scalar (which holds a hash reference) called $data_ref.
You need %$data_ref here.
And here:
for $key ( keys %{ $data{$pat} } ) {
You also have no $data - your code says $data_ref. (You might have %data in scope, but that's a really bad idea to mess around with within a sub).
There's a bunch of other errors - which would also be revealed by strict and warnings. That's a very basic debugging step, and you will generally get a much better response from Stack Overflow if you do this before asking for assistance. So please - do that, tidy up your code and remove errors/warnings. If you are still having problems after that, then by all means make a post outlining where and what problem you're having.
Can only keys be pushed in PERL hash, I mean, Can hash be created without corresponding values?
I want to create a hash which behave just like array i.e. hash with only keys but not corresponding values. Example is given below:
my %feedHash;
while(<CFG>)
{
chomp($_);
my #val=split(/:/,$_);
chomp($val[0]);
my $feedId=$val[0];
if(!exists $feedHash{$feedId})
{
print "\n$feedId Feed is not present";
$hash{$feedId} = undef;
mkdir "LoadReports/$feedId" or die $!;
}
else
{
print '\nFeed is already present';
}
}
It is giving message: "Feed is not present" even for same feed id second time in loop
You can make hash with your keys, where values are set to undef
my %hash;
#hash{qw(key1 key2 key3)} = ();
to check/set for particular hash key,
if (!exists $hash{key4}) { $hash{key4} = undef }
You're essentially wanting a %seen style hash.
You get no benefit from not actually giving the hash a true boolean value, and actually get additional headaches. I therefore suggest that you style your code like the following:
my %seen_feed;
while (<CFG>) {
chomp;
my ($id, #vals) = split ':';
if (! $seen_feed{$id}++) {
print "\n$id Feed is not present";
mkdir "LoadReports/$id" or die $!;
} else {
print '\nFeed is already present';
}
}
I have a Perl class/module that I created to display Bible verses. In it there is a hash that stores several verses, with the key being the book/chapter/verse and the value being the text. This hash is returned from the module.
I'm including the Bible class in a controller class, and that connection seems to work. The problem is I keep getting errors on executing. My IDE because I'm following a Lynda tutorial, is Eclipse with the EPIC plugin.
The error is:
Reference found where even-sized list expected at C:/Documents and Settings/nunya/eric.hepperle_codebase/lynda/lamp/perl5/Exercise Files/14 Modules/eh_bibleInspiration_controller.pl line 42.
Use of uninitialized value $value in concatenation (.) or string at C:/Documents and Settings/nunya/eric.hepperle_codebase/lynda/lamp/perl5/Exercise Files/14 Modules/eh_bibleInspiration_controller.pl line 45.
HASH(0x19ad454) =>
Here is the CONTROLLER class:
#!/usr/bin/perl
# eh_bibleInspiration_controller.pl by Eric Hepperle - 06/23/13
#
use strict;
use warnings;
use Data::Dumper;
use EHW_BibleInspiration;
main(#ARGV);
sub main
{
my $o = EHW_BibleInspiration->new; # instantiate new object.
my %bo_ref = $o->getBibleObj();
print "\$o is type: " . ref($o) . ".\n";
print "\%bo_ref is type: " . ref(\%bo_ref) . ".\n";
# exit;
$o->getVerseObj();
listHash(\%bo_ref);
message("Done.");
}
sub message
{
my $m = shift or return;
print("$m\n");
}
sub error
{
my $e = shift || 'unkown error';
print("$0: $e\n");
exit 0;
}
sub listHash
{
my %hash = #_;
foreach my $key (sort keys %hash) {
my $value = $hash{$key};
message("$key => $value\n");
}
}
Here is the class that returns the verses and has the method to pick a random verse:
# EHW_BibleInspiration.pm
# EHW_BibleInspiration.
#
package EHW_BibleInspiration;
use strict;
use warnings;
use IO::File;
use Data::Dumper;
our $VERSION = "0.1";
sub new
{
my $class = shift;
my $self = {};
bless($self, $class); # turns hash into object
return $self;
}
sub getVerseObj
{
my ($self) = #_;
print "My Bible Verse:\n";
my $verses = $self->getBibleObj();
# get random verse
#$knockknocks{(keys %knockknocks)[rand keys %knockknocks]};
# sub mysub {
# my $params = shift;
# my %paramhash = %$params;
# }
# my %verses = %{$verses};
# my $random_value = %verses{(keys %verses)[rand keys %verses]};
# print Dumper(%{$random_value});
}
sub getBibleObj
{
my ($self) = #_;
# create bible verse object (ESV)
my $bibleObj_ref = {
'john 3:16' => 'For God so loved the world,that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life.',
'matt 10:8' => 'Heal the sick, raise the dead, cleanse lepers, cast out demons. You received without paying; give without pay.',
'Luke 6:38' => 'Give, and it will be given to you. Good measure, pressed down, shaken together, running over, will be put into your lap. For with the measure you use it will be measured back to you.',
'John 16:24' => 'Until now you have asked nothing in my name. Ask, and you will receive, that your joy may be full.',
'Psalms 32:7' => 'You are a hiding place for me; you preserve me from trouble; you surround me with shouts of deliverance. Selah',
'Proverbs 3:5-6' => 'Trust in the LORD with all your heart, and do not lean on your own understanding. 6 In all your ways acknowledge him, and he will make straight your paths.',
'John 14:1' => 'Let not your hearts be troubled. Believe in God; believe also in me.'
};
my $out = "The BIBLE is awesome!\n";
return $bibleObj_ref;
}
1;
What am I doing wrong? I suspect it has something to do with hash vs hash reference, but I don't know how to fix it. My dereferencing attempts had failed miserably because I don't really know what I'm doing. I modeled my random getter off of something I saw on perlmonks. #$knockknocks{(keys %knockknocks)[rand keys %knockknocks]};
In the main, you have:
my %bo_ref = $o->getBibleObj();
but, in package EHW_BibleInspiration;, the method getBibleObj returns : return $bibleObj_ref;
You'd do, in the main : my $bo_ref = $o->getBibleObj();
and then call listHash($bo_ref);
Finaly, don't forget to change sub listHash to:
sub listHash
{
my ($hash) = #_;
foreach my $key (sort keys %{$hash}) {
my $value = $hash->{$key};
message("$key => $value\n");
}
}
In your main, you do
listHash(\%bo_ref);
This passes a hash reference to the sub. However, it tries to unpack its arguments like
my %hash = #_;
Oops, it wants a hash.
Either, we pass it a hash: listHash(%bo_ref). This saves us much typing.
Or, we handle the reference inside the sub, like
sub listHash {
my ($hashref) = #_;
foreach my $key (sort keys %$hashref) {
my $value = $hashref->{$key};
print "$key => $value\n";
}
}
Notice how the reference uses the dereference arrow -> to access hash entries, and how it is dereferenced to a hash for keys.
I suspect that your suspicion is correct. In your method sub listHash you're correctly passing in the hash but you're trying to use a hash instead of a hash reference for the internal variable. Try using my ($hash) = #_; instead of my %hash = #_;.
When using references you can use the -> operator to de-reference it to get to the underlying values. The rest of your method should look like this:
sub listHash
{
my ($hash) = #_;
foreach my $key (sort keys %{$hash}) {
my $value = $hash->{$key};
message("$key => $value\n");
}
}
On line 43 of your program I had to tell Perl that the reference should be a hash reference by calling keys %{$hash}. Then on line 44 I de-referenced the hash to get the correct value by calling $hash->{$key}. For more information on Perl and references you can read the through the tutorial.
listHash is expecting a hash and you're passing it a hash reference. Change:
listHash(\%bo_ref);
to:
listHash(%bo_ref);
So what I am trying to do with the following code is push a string, let's say "this string" onto the end of each key in a hash. I'm completely stumped on how to do this. Here's my code:
use warnings;
use strict;
use File::Find;
my #name;
my $filename;
my $line;
my #severity = ();
my #files;
my #info = ();
my $key;
my %hoa;
my $xmlfile;
my $comment;
my #comments;
open( OUTPUT, "> $ARGV[0]" );
my $dir = 'c:/programs/TEST/Test';
while ( defined( $input = glob( $dir . "\\*.txt" ) ) ) {
open( INPUT, "< $input" );
while (<INPUT>) {
chomp;
if (/File/) {
my #line = split /:/;
$key = $line[1];
push #{ $hoa{$key} }, "Filename\n";
}
if ( /XML/ ... /File/ ) {
$xmlfile = $1;
push #{ $hoa{$key} }, "XML file is $xmlfile\n";
}
if (/Important/) {
push #{ $hoa{$key} }, "Severity is $_\n";
}
if (/^\D/) {
next if /Important/;
push #{ $hoa{$key} }, "Given comment is $_\n";
}
push #{ $hoa{$key} }, "this string\n";
}
}
foreach my $k ( keys %hoa ) {
my #list = #{ $hoa{$k} };
foreach my $l (#list) {
print OUTPUT $l, "\n";
}
}
}
close INPUT;
close OUTPUT;
Where I have "this string" is where I was trying to push that string onto the end of the array. However, what ended up happening was that it ended up printing "this string" three times, and not at the end of every key like I wanted. When I tried to put it outside the while() loop, it said that the value of $key was not initialized. So please, any help? And if you need any clarification on what I'm asking, just let me know. Thank you!
No offence, but there are so many issues in this code I don't even know where to start...
First, the 'initialization block' (all these my $something; my #somethings lines at the beginning of this script) is not required in Perl. In fact, it's not just 'redundant' - it's actually confusing: I had to move my focus back and forth every time I encountered a new variable just to check its type. Besides, even with all this $input var is still not declared as local; it's either missing in comments, or the code given has omissions.
Second, why do you declare your intention to use File::Find (good) - but then do not use it at all? It could greatly simplify all this while(glob) { while(<FH>) { ... } } routine.
Third, I'm not sure why you assign something to $key only when the line read is matched by /File/ - but then use its value as a key in all the other cases. Is this an attempt to read the file organized in sections? Then it can be done a bit more simple, either by slurp/splitting or localizing $/ variable...
Anyway, the point is that if the first line of the file scanned is not matched by /File/, the previous (i.e., from the previous file!) value is used - and I'm not quite sure that it's intended. And if the very first line of the first file is not /File/-matched, then an empty string is used as a key - again, it smells like a bug...
Could you please describe your task in more details? Give some test input/output results, perhaps... It'd be great to proceed in short tasks, organizing your code in process.
Your program is ill-conceived and breaks a lot of good practice rules. Rather than enumerate them all, here is an equivalent program with a better structure.
I wonder if you are aware that all of the if statements will be tested and possibly executed? Perhaps you need to make use of elsif?
Aside from the possibility that $key is undefined when it is used, you are also setting $xmlfile to $1 which will never be defined as there are no captures in any of your regular expressions.
It is impossible to tell from your code what you are trying to do, so we can help you only if you show us your output, input and say how to derive one from the other.
use strict;
use warnings;
use File::Find;
my ($outfile) = #ARGV;
my $dir = 'c:/programs/TEST/Test';
my %hoa;
my $key;
while (my $input = glob "$dir/*.txt") {
open my $in, '<', $input or die $!;
while (<$in>) {
chomp;
if (/File/) {
my $key = (split /:/)[1];
push #{ $hoa{$key} }, "Filename\n";
}
if (/XML/ ... /File/) {
my $xmlfile = $1;
push #{ $hoa{$key} }, "XML file is $xmlfile\n";
}
if (/Important/) {
push #{ $hoa{$key} }, "Severity is $_\n";
}
if (/^\D/) {
next if /Important/;
push #{ $hoa{$key} }, "Given comment is $_\n";
}
push #{ $hoa{$key} }, "this string\n";
}
close $in;
}
open my $out, '>', $outfile or die $!;
foreach my $k (keys %hoa) {
foreach my $l (#{ $hoa{$k} }) {
print $out $l, "\n";
}
}
close $out;
I suspect based on your code, that the line where $key is set is not called each time through the loop, and that you do not trigger any of the other if statements.
This would append "this string" to the end of the array. Based on that you are getting 3 of the "this strings" at the end of the array, I would suspect that two lines do not go through the if (/FILE/) or any of the other if statements. This would leave the $key value the same and at the end, you would append "this string" to the array, using whatever the last value of $key was when it was set.
This will append the string "this string" to every element of the hash %hoa, which elements are array refs:
for (values(%hoa)) { push #{$_}, "this string"; }
Put that outside your while loop, and you'll print "this string" at the end of each element of %hoa.
It will autovivify array refs where it finds undefined elements. It will also choke if it cannot dereference an element as an array, and will manipulate arrays by symbolic reference if it finds a simple scalar and is not running under strict:
my %autoviv = ( a => ['foo'], b => undef );
push #$_, "PUSH" for values %autoviv; # ( a => ['foo', 'PUSH'], b => ['PUSH'] )
my %fatal = ( a => {} );
push #$_, "PUSH" for values %fatal; # FATAL: "Not an ARRAY reference at..."
my %dangerous = (a => "foo");
push #$_, "PUSH" for values %dangerous; # Yikes! #foo is now ("PUSH")
use strict;
my %kablam = (a => "foo");
push #$_, "PUSH" for values %kablam; # "Can't use string ("foo") as an ARRAY ref ..."
As I understand it, traverse the hash with a map command to modify its keys. An example:
EDIT: I've edited because I realised that the map command can be assigned to the same hash. No need to create a new one.
#!/usr/bin/perl
use warnings;
use strict;
use Data::Dumper;
my %hash = qw|
key1 value1
key2 value2
key3 value3
|;
my %hash = map { $_ . "this string" => $hash{ $_ } } keys %hash;
print Dump \%hash;
Run it like:
perl script.pl
With following output:
$VAR1 = {
'key3this string' => 'value3',
'key2this string' => 'value2',
'key1this string' => 'value1'
};