Can't connect the postgreSQL with psycopg2 - postgresql

It's the first time that I can't find the answer about some tech problems
Here's my problems:
>> conn=psycopg2.connect(database="mydb", user="postgres", password="123",port=5432)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
psycopg2.OperationalError: could not connect to server: No such file or directory
Is the server running locally and accepting
connections on Unix domain socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432"?
My postgreSQL is running
My listeningport is 5432 for sure
root#lanston-laptop:~# psql -l
Password:
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collation | Ctype | Access privileges
---------------+----------+----------+------------+------------+-----------------------
checkdatabase | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 |
mydb | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 |
postgres | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 |
template0 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
template1 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
Thanks a lot!

Your libpq, which is used by psycopg2 expects Postgres socket to be in /var/run/postgresql/ but when you install Postgres from source it is by default it in /tmp/.
Check if there is a file /tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432 instead of /var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432. Try:
conn=psycopg2.connect(
database="mydb",
user="postgres",
host="/tmp/",
password="123"
)

Only this solved my problem,
make a symbolic link to the /tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432:
sudo ln -s /tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432 /var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432
Thanks to, Sukhjit Singh Sehra - s-postgresql-server-is-running

I originally intended to make it a comment to Tometzky's answer, but well, I have a lot to say here... Regarding the case where you don't call psycopg2.connect directly, but use third-party software.
tl;dr
Set unix_socket_directories in postgresql.conf to /var/run/postgresql, /tmp, and restart PostgreSQL.
intro
I tried PostgreSQL 9.2 (CentOS 7) and 9.5 (Ubuntu Xenial) from distro repos, PostgreSQL 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 10 on CentOS 7 from PostgreSQL repo, PostgreSQL 9.6, 10 on Ubuntu Xenial from PostgreSQL repo. Among them only 9.3 listens to only /tmp:
$ systemctl stop postgresql-9.4 && systemctl start postgresql-9.3
$ lsof -aUp $(ps --ppid 1 -o pid= -o comm= | awk '$2 == "postgres" || $2 == "postmaster" {print $1}')
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
postgres 25455 postgres 4u unix 0xffff9acb23bc5000 0t0 6813995 /tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432
$ systemctl stop postgresql-9.3 && systemctl start postgresql-9.4
$ lsof -aUp $(ps --ppid 1 -o pid= -o comm= | awk '$2 == "postgres" || $2 == "postmaster" {print $1}')
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
postgres 26663 postgres 4u unix 0xffff9ac8c5474c00 0t0 7086508 /var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432
postgres 26663 postgres 5u unix 0xffff9ac8c5477c00 0t0 7086510 /tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432
python-psycopg2
That's not a big deal with psql, just a matter of running the matching binary. But if you, for instance, have python-psycopg2 installed from CentOS's base or update repo. It links dynamically to libpq that OS provides. With 9.3 and 9.4 installed OS provides 9.4's version:
$ alternatives --display pgsql-ld-conf
pgsql-ld-conf - status is auto.
link currently points to /usr/pgsql-10/share/postgresql-9.4-libs.conf
/usr/pgsql-9.3/share/postgresql-9.3-libs.conf - priority 930
/usr/pgsql-9.4/share/postgresql-9.4-libs.conf - priority 940
Current `best' version is /usr/pgsql-9.4/share/postgresql-9.4-libs.conf.
$ ls -l /etc/ld.so.conf.d
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 Feb 7 02:25 postgresql-pgdg-libs.conf -> /etc/alternatives/pgsql-ld-conf
$ ls -l /etc/alternatives/pgsql-ld-conf
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 43 Feb 7 02:25 /etc/alternatives/pgsql-ld-conf -> /usr/pgsql-9.4/share/postgresql-9.4-libs.conf
$ cat /usr/pgsql-9.4/share/postgresql-9.4-libs.conf
/usr/pgsql-9.4/lib/
But libpq that comes with PostgreSQL 9.4 looks for socket in /var/run/postgresql as opposed to 9.3:
$ strings /usr/pgsql-9.3/lib/libpq.so.5 | egrep '/(tmp|var)'
/tmp
$ strings /usr/pgsql-9.4/lib/libpq.so.5 | egrep '/(tmp|var)'
/var/run/postgresql
The solution comes from postinstall scripts of corresponding packages:
$ yum reinstall --downloadonly postgresql94-libs
$ rpm -qp /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/pgdg94/packages/postgresql94-libs-9.4.15-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm --scripts
postinstall scriptlet (using /bin/sh):
/usr/sbin/update-alternatives --install /etc/ld.so.conf.d/postgresql-pgdg-libs.conf pgsql-ld-conf /usr/pgsql-9.4/share/postgresql-9.4-libs.conf 940
/sbin/ldconfig
# Drop alternatives entries for common binaries and man files
postuninstall scriptlet (using /bin/sh):
if [ "$1" -eq 0 ]
then
/usr/sbin/update-alternatives --remove pgsql-ld-conf /usr/pgsql-9.4/share/postgresql-9.4-libs.conf
/sbin/ldconfig
fi
Temporarily remove 9.4's alternative:
$ alternatives --remove pgsql-ld-conf /usr/pgsql-9.4/share/postgresql-9.4-libs.conf
$ ldconfig
When finished either reinstall postgresql94-libs, or add the alternative back:
$ alternatives --install /etc/ld.so.conf.d/postgresql-pgdg-libs.conf pgsql-ld-conf /usr/pgsql-9.4/share/postgresql-9.4-libs.conf 940
$ ldconfig
pip
If you install psycopg2 with pip on the other hand, it by default installs precompiled package which comes with its own libpq, which looks for socket in /var/run/postgresql:
$ python3.5 -m venv 1
$ . ./1/bin/activate
(1) $ pip install psycopg2
(1) $ python
>>> import psycopg2
>>>Ctrl-Z
[1]+ Stopped python
(1) $ pgrep python
26311
(1) $ grep libpq /proc/26311/maps | head -n 1
7f100b8cb000-7f100b90e000 r-xp 00000000 08:04 112980 /home/yuri/1/lib/python3.5/site-packages/psycopg2/.libs/libpq-909a53d8.so.5.10
(1) $ strings /home/yuri/1/lib/python3.5/site-packages/psycopg2/.libs/libpq-909a53d8.so.5.10 | egrep '/(tmp|var)'
/var/run
/var/run/postgresql
The solution is to ask pip to not install precompiled package, and make pg_config of the proper version of PostgreSQL available:
$ PATH=/usr/pgsql-9.3/lib:$PATH pip install --no-binary psycopg2 psycopg2
You can even add --no-binary switch to requirements.txt:
psycopg2==2.7.3.2 --no-binary psycopg2
unix_socket_directories
The easier option though is to make use of unix_socket_directories option:

Try change port to 5433 instead of 5432

a few years later, using the EnterpriseDB 'graphical' install on OSX 10.8, and pip install of psycopg2 (after linking the /Library/...dylib's as described here) i had this same issue.
for me the correct connect command was conn = psycopg2.connect('dbname=DBNAME user=postgres password=PWHERE host=/tmp/')

In my case with a conda installation had to: sudo ln -s /var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432 /tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432

Having this happen to me after a brew upgrade, I googled for brew .s.PGSQL.5432.
Per the suggestion in this answer I ran the following:
postgres -D /usr/local/var/postgres
And got:
2019-10-29 17:43:30.860 IST [78091] FATAL: database files are incompatible with server
2019-10-29 17:43:30.860 IST [78091] DETAIL: The data directory was initialized by PostgreSQL version 10, which is not compatible with this version 11.5.
I googled that FATAL error and per the suggestion in this answer I ran:
brew postgresql-upgrade-database
That solved it for me.

put vpc_access_connector:
name: project//locations/us-central1/connectors/
and host :'/cloudsql/::
It should work for private Ip postgresql on gcp

Try this once
cd /etc/postgresql/13/main
vi pg_hba.conf
Change the line after this
Database administrative login by Unix domain socket
local all postgres peer
To
local all postgres md5
Then execute following commands
sudo systemctl stop postgresql
sudo systemctl start postgresql
Then run the python program then it will work properly

Related

create temporary postgres server in docker

I want to unit-test my app which uses a postgres database inside a docker.
EDIT: based on the suggested answer I modified the Dockerfile:
FROM postgres
USER postgres
RUN sleep 2 # remark 1
RUN initdb # remark 2
RUN sleep 3 # remark 1
RUN psql --host=localhost -l
The remarks are:
from this reference
Try putting a sleep in there and see if it's still a problem
from the docs:
The default postgres user and database are created in the entrypoint with initdb.
Here is the Dockerfile from the original question:
FROM postgres
COPY input.json .
RUN createdb -h localhost -p 7654 -U moish myLovelyAndTemporaryDb
#
# [ 1 ] run application on input.json
# [ 2 ] check db content after run
#
When I use the above Dockerfile I seem to be missing something:
(The errors from the edited version are the same)
$ docker build --tag host --file Dockerfile .
[+] Building 0.3s (7/7) FINISHED
=> [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile 0.0s
=> => transferring dockerfile: 125B 0.0s
=> [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s
=> => transferring context: 2B 0.0s
=> [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/postgres:latest 0.0s
=> [internal] load build context 0.0s
=> => transferring context: 40B 0.0s
=> CACHED [1/3] FROM docker.io/library/postgres 0.0s
=> [2/3] COPY input.json . 0.0s
=> ERROR [3/3] RUN createdb -h localhost -p 7654 -U moish myLovelyAndTemporaryDb 0.2s
------
> [3/3] RUN createdb -h localhost -p 7654 -U moish myLovelyAndTemporaryDb:
#7 0.188 createdb: error: connection to server at "localhost" (127.0.0.1), port 7654 failed: Connection refused
#7 0.188 Is the server running on that host and accepting TCP/IP connections?
#7 0.188 connection to server at "localhost" (::1), port 7654 failed: Cannot assign requested address
#7 0.188 Is the server running on that host and accepting TCP/IP connections?
------
Postgres database starts only after you create a container based on postgres image. docker build process doesn't start entrypoint script. You might need a bash script or CI pipeline where you firstly start postgres container and then use it in your unit tests
$ docker run --name mypg -p 5432:5432 -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=mypgpass -d postgres:9
# copy a script to the mypg container
$ docker cp run.sh mypg:/root/run.sh
# run the script
$ docker exec mypg bash /root/run.sh
...
# use postgres client on your host to connect to mypg container
$ PGPASSWORD="mypgpass" psql -U postgres -p 5432 -h localhost -c "select version()"
version
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PostgreSQL 9.6.24 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (Debian 9.6.24-1.pgdg90+1), compiled by gcc (Debian 6.3.0-18+deb9u1) 6.3.0 20170516, 64-bit
(1 row)
Postgres container docs
Postgres client authentication
EDIT:
By trying to run initdb, psql etc directly in Dockerfile, you are reinventing the docker-entrypoint.sh
During the build step of the postgres Docker you cannot run postgres commands. Postgres database will only be available after you run the Docker.
As specified in the postgres Docker documentation you can add customization to your postgres instance through scripts placed in docker-entrypoint-initdb.d directory.
Alternatively you could use a RUN directive to start the postgres database and after that run the postgres commands you want (making sure to wait for the DB to accept connections), as mentioned here.
Another side note, I personally avoid using real databases for unit testing applications. To me, it's always better to mock the database for unit tests, in python you can do this with unittest.mock.
Here is a complete answer based on the concepts of slava-kuravsky and mello:
$ docker build --tag host --file Dockerfile .
$ docker run -d -t --name pg host
$ docker exec pg bash run.sh
The script can do what I want, currently it only lists the databases:
$ cat run.sh # <--- copied during docker build
echo "Hello Postgres World"
psql --host=localhost -l
The Dockerfile does only initialization:
$ cat Dockerfile
FROM postgres
USER postgres
COPY run.sh . # <--- the testing script
RUN sleep 2 # <--- probably not needed anymore
RUN initdb
RUN sleep 3 # <--- probably not needed anymore
When I perform the three commands above I get what I expect 🙂 :
$ docker build --tag host --file Dockerfile .
[+] Building 7.2s (10/10) FINISHED
# ... omitted for brevity ...
$ docker run -d -t --name pg host
608ac7324e838924c9a5d0cfe65c8000e33350b86faf9df4511ef5fcf7440597
$ docker exec pg bash run.sh
Hello Postgres World
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | ICU Locale | Locale Provider | Access privileges
-----------+----------+----------+------------+------------+------------+-----------------+-----------------------
postgres | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | | libc |
template0 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | | libc | =c/postgres +
| | | | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
template1 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | | libc | =c/postgres +
| | | | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
(3 rows)

PostgreSQL - WSL : won't init

i'm currently developping a Django server where i need a database, Sqlite3 don't seem to handle well my need so i'm trying to use PostgreSQL instead. I'm devellopping on Windows but the server will run on a Linux system once development is done, so i'm trying to use WSL to fit the expected result.
wsl -l -v
NAME STATE VERSION
Ubuntu-22.04 Running 1
I also updated to WSL2, same issue.
My issue is that i can't start the database :
# sudo service postgresql start
No PostgreSQL clusters exist; see "man pg_createcluster"
What i've done so far :
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt install postgresql postgresql-contrib
// it s installed
> psql --version
psql (PostgreSQL) 14.2 (Ubuntu 14.2-1ubuntu1)
// no service currently running
> ps aux| grep postgres
root 583 0.0 0.0 15044 1280 tty3 S 08:42 0:00 grep --color=auto postgres
// no cluster ?!?
> sudo service postgresql start
No PostgreSQL clusters exist; see "man pg_createcluster"
// indeed no cluster are created by default
> pg_lsclusters
Ver Cluster Port Status Owner Data directory Log file
// but i can t create one
> pg_createcluster 14.2 main
Error: no initdb program for version 14.2 found
> sudo pg_createcluster 14 main
Creating new PostgreSQL cluster 14/main ...
/usr/lib/postgresql/14/bin/initdb -D /var/lib/postgresql/14/main --auth-local peer --auth-host scram-sha-256 --no-instructions
Can't exec "/usr/lib/postgresql/14/bin/initdb": Permission denied at /usr/bin/pg_createcluster line 86.
Error: Could not open /etc/postgresql/14/main/start.conf for writing: Permission denied
Can't exec "/bin/sh": Permission denied at /usr/bin/pg_createcluster line 617.
Error: initdb failed
I also tried : this stackoverflow link
> sudo service --status-all
// ...
[ - ] postgresql
// ...
> sudo ps aux | grep postgres
root 769 0.0 0.0 15044 1284 tty3 S 08:48 0:00 grep --color=auto postgres
I didn't really understand this link : Change some config file that i can't find
And this one that only proposed to reformat my disk.. Link
Following Mark's Link i was able to find a solution.
It seems that WSL2 is required
I tried 2 wsl distro :
Ubuntu-22.04 -> Didn't work even with the guide, maybe it would work on a fresh install.
Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS -> fresh install worked
# Create the file repository configuration:
sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt $(lsb_release -cs)-pgdg main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list'
# Import the repository signing key:
wget --quiet -O - https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc | sudo apt-key add -
# Update the package lists:
sudo apt-get update
# Install the latest version of PostgreSQL.
# If you want a specific version, use 'postgresql-12' or similar instead of 'postgresql':
sudo apt-get -y install postgresql postgresql-contrib

PostgreSQL's `initdb` fails with "invalid locale settings; check LANG and LC_* environment variables"

Already found a solution for this (see answer below), but I am not sure that it is the appropriate one; plus this may help someone else too.
Tried to set up PostgreSQL by following the documentation (18.2 Creating a Database Cluster), but got the following error on Ubuntu 18.04 (kernel: 4.15.0-22-generic):
$ initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
(...)
initdb: invalid locale settings; check LANG and LC_* environment variables
Found a couple answers on Stackoverflow (1, 2) that were relevant, but these did not resolve the issue and the one on Serverfault suggested to restart the service, but PostgreSQL wasn't even running.
Tried passing the locale explicitly in every variation that I found on the system, but these failed too,
3617 2018/06/07-08:36 initdb -D ~/Downloads/ --locale=en_US.utf8
3618 2018/06/07-08:36 initdb -D ~/Downloads/ --locale=en_US.UTF8
3621 2018/06/07-08:37 initdb -D ~/Downloads/ --locale=en_US.UTF-8
3622 2018/06/07-08:37 initdb -D ~/Downloads/ --locale="en_US.UTF-8"
3623 2018/06/07-08:37 initdb -D ~/Downloads/ --locale="en_US.utf8"
3645 2018/06/07-09:24 initdb -D ~/Downloads/ --locale="en_US.utf8"
with
initdb: invalid locale name <the_option_value_above>
There was an Arch Linux forum discussion about this, but there were no solution.
2018/06/07 1214 UPDATE
I linked answers above, but perhaps wasn't explicit enough: I did look at locale -a and locale (not listing the former's output because I installed ALL of them in my attempts below):
$ locale
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LANGUAGE=
LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NAME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ADDRESS="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TELEPHONE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
What have been tried, but did not work (and terminal has been restarted for every iteration):
https://askubuntu.com/questions/454260/how-to-solve-locale-problem
Selected and configured ALL locales.
$ sudo locale-gen en_US.UTF-8
$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales.
https://github.com/singularityware/singularity/issues/11
neither
echo "LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8" >> /etc/environment
echo "en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8" >> /etc/locale.gen
echo "LANG=en_US.UTF-8" > /etc/locale.conf
locale-gen en_US.UTF-8
nor
sudo apt clean
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt-get install -y locales language-pack-fi language-pack-en
export LANGUAGE=en_US.UTF-8
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
sudo locale-gen en_US.UTF-8
sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales
https://askubuntu.com/questions/162391/how-do-i-fix-my-locale-issue/229512#229512
https://askubuntu.com/questions/114759/warning-setlocale-lc-all-cannot-change-locale
(Basically variations of the github link above, tried it anyway.)
TODO:
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/294845/bash-warning-setlocale-lc-all-cannot-change-locale-en-us-utf-8
From this thread:
initdb -D <your_data_location> --no-locale --encoding=UTF8
where
--locale=LOCALE set default locale for new databases
--no-locale equivalent to --locale=C
There are caveats (see warning below), but an all-utf8 database can be created using template0 (see 21.3. Template Databases).
From the client (psql):
postgres=# create database test LC_COLLATE "en_US.UTF-8" LC_CTYPE "en_US.UTF-8" template template0;
Or via createdb:
createdb --lc-collate="en_US.UTF-8" --lc-ctype="en_US.UTF-8" --template="template0" test2
Check:
$ psql
psql (10.3)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=# \l
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
postgres | postgres | UTF8 | C | C |
template0 | postgres | UTF8 | C | C | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
template1 | postgres | UTF8 | C | C | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
test | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |
test2 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |
WARNING: This is probably not the correct solution and the workaround above is just that, a workaround.
Note the "Collate" and "Ctype" fields below in a database created with the above solution and this may cause issues, because "The results of comparisons between strings depends on LC_CTYPE. In practice, the most visible effect is the sort order." (see DBA StackExchange thread). This is also confirmed on the PostgreSQL mailing list (see this thread about this issue on a database in production). Probably the easiest way to solve this would be re-initializing/recreating the database.
postgres=# \l
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
-----------+----------+----------+---------+-------+-----------------------
postgres | postgres | UTF8 | C | C |
template0 | postgres | UTF8 | C | C | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
template1 | postgres | UTF8 | C | C | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
(3 rows)
Although the question does not mention Nix, the original poster linked to this issue from the Nix discourse site so I believe this is a Nix-related issue.
I ran into this issue when running under Nix shell and found the solution here after much searching. I just had to add glibcLocales to my environment. I.e. either run nix-shell -p glibcLocales or add glibcLocales to buildInputs.
You can get a listing of the locales available in Linux with
locale -a
Use one of these.
You have to choose a locale that matches your encoding, for example
initdb -E UTF8 --locale=en_US.utf8
or
initdb -E LATIN9 --locale=et_EE.iso885915
As far as I know, you can install additional locales with
sudo apt-get install language-pack-XX
Check if the locale is enabled in /etc/locale.gen. On my fresh install of Arch Linux ARM the following line was commented out:
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
Run locale-gen without any arguments. It will list all the uncommented locales as it generates them.
Optional: edit /etc/locale.conf to set the system locale:
echo "LANG=en_US.UTF-8" > /etc/locale.conf
Restart the system to make all services pick up the new setting.
Run your initdb command.
for me it was an issue when I tried to upgrade postgres from 9.6 to 15.
locale should be replaced with local-provider and icu locale, e.g.:
POSTGRES_INITDB_ARGS="--locale=nl_NL --encoding=UTF8"
->
POSTGRES_INITDB_ARGS="--locale-provider=icu --icu-locale=nl_NL --encoding=UTF8

How do I avoid starting multiple postgres instances on my machine

Why do I see multiple postgres instances in my machine. I would like to stop + remove the older version of postgres permanently, how should I go about doing this.
ps -ef | grep postgresql
postgres 1766 1 0 06:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/lib/postgresql/9.1/bin/postgres -D /var/lib/postgresql/9.1/main -c config_file=/etc/postgresql/9.1/main/postgresql.conf -c external_pid_file=/var/run/postgresql/9.1-main.pid
postgres 3398 1 0 06:09 ? 00:00:00 /usr/lib/postgresql/9.4/bin/postgres -D /var/lib/postgresql/9.4/main -c config_file=/etc/postgresql/9.4/main/postgresql.conf
To remove, uninstall the postgres version via your package manager.
Ex: sudo apt-get remove postgresql-9.1
To temporarily disable, follow this:
https://serverfault.com/questions/582499/i-have-multiple-postgresql-servers-installed-how-do-i-disable-auto-boot-for-old

Force Postgres to install with UTF8 encoding, not LATIN1?

I'm trying to set up CartoDB on a Vagrant box, following the instructions here. However, it keeps failing because it complains that Postgres has been installed with Latin-1 encoding.
I can't work out why Postgres is doing this, because I'm explicitly forcing all the local settings to UTF8. Here's what I've been doing:
export LANGUAGE="en_US.UTF-8"
export LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
export LC_ALL="en_US.UTF-8"
locale
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y python-software-properties
sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:cartodb/gis
sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:mapnik/v2.1.0
sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:cartodb/nodejs
sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:cartodb/redis
sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:cartodb/postgresql
sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:ubuntugis/ubuntugis-unstable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y make unp zip libgeos-c1 libgeos-dev gdal-bin libgdal1-dev libjson0
sudo apt-get install python-simplejson libjson0-dev proj-bin proj-data libproj-dev postgresql-9.1
Here is the output of the early locale, showing that UTF8 has been set successfully:
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LANGUAGE=en_US.UTF-8
LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NAME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ADDRESS="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TELEPHONE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
After running all the above commands, when I check the status of Postgres, it seems Postgres nonetheless installed itself with Latin-1 encoding:
sudo -u postgres psql -l
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
-----------+----------+----------+---------+-------+-----------------------
postgres | postgres | LATIN1 | en_US | en_US |
template0 | postgres | LATIN1 | en_US | en_US | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
template1 | postgres | LATIN1 | en_US | en_US | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
Why is this happening? How can I force Postgres to install itself with UTF8 encoding?
This might not be the answer you are looking for, but here are commands which you can use to switch PostgreSQL to a different locale (backup, re-create cluster and restore):
sudo -u postgres pg_dumpall > /tmp/postgres.sql
sudo pg_dropcluster --stop 9.1 main
sudo pg_createcluster --locale en_US.UTF-8 --start 9.1 main
sudo -u postgres psql -f /tmp/postgres.sql
If you want to know why the installation uses Latin, then you might need to dig into installation scripts. But if en_US.UTF-8 is not your default system locale, that might be the problem. Installation script can be loading /etc/default/locale.
I just had the same problem in an ubuntu machine.
A freshly installed postgresql created the template databases with encoding=SQL_ASCII and collate/ctype=C
One of the answers here led me to the solution:
removed/purged the postgresql just installed
dpkg-reconfigure locales
installed locale for en_US.UTF-8
logout
login
checked the environment variable was automatically set LANG=en_US.UTF-8
reinstall postgresql
And ready, my databases are now with encoding=UTF8 and collate/ctype=en_US.UTF-8