I'm trying to set up a OneToMany relationship between an author and his posts with author as the foreign key and username as primary key, using Java EE 6 and toplink+eclipselink as persistence provider.
Here is what i have:
Annotations in class User
#Id
#NotNull(message = "Please enter username")
#Size(min = 8, max = 40)
#Column(unique=true, nullable=false)
private String username;
...
private Collection<BlogEntry> blg = new ArrayList<BlogEntry>();
#OneToMany(cascade = {CascadeType.ALL}, mappedBy="user")
public Collection<BlogEntry> getBlg() {
return blg;
}
Annotations in class BlogEntry
#NotNull
#Size(min = 8, max = 40)
private String author;
...
private User user;
#ManyToOne()
public User getUser() {
return user;
}
The problem is that a new column(USER_USERNAME) is added when inserting values into BlogEntry Table, which of course shows an error of the field not existing in BlogEntry:
INSERT INTO BLOGENTRY (ID, CONTENT, AUTHOR, TITLE, CREATED, USER_USERNAME) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
bind => [301, xxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxx, 2011-06-07 12:49:07.014, null]
I would be very glad to learn why such a column is added or what to fix to get a simple OneToMany relationship using username and author fields. I searched and tried many tutorials but seems i'm missing something.
If you want to use an existing AUTHOR column as a foreign key, you need to map many-to-one relationship to that column as follows:
#ManyToOne()
#JoinColumn(name = 'author')
private User user;
Note that in typical case you can remove a separate author field from the class, since now it can be obtained as user.getUsername(). If you need both fields in the class, you need to mark one of them as read-only with insertable = false, updateable = false, because only one read-write field can be mapped to a particular column.
Related
I have two entities, "User" and "Record", where the Record references a User but not by the User's primary key, but rather another column that is also unique, namely the username:
#Entity
public class User implements Serializable {
#Id
private Long id;
#NaturalId
private String username;
...
}
#Entity
public class Record {
#Id
private Long id;
#ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY, optional = false)
#JoinColumn(name = "username", referencedColumnName = "username")
private User user;
...
}
When creating a new Record, using Hibernate's getReferenceById does not work:
#Transactional
public Record createRecord(Long userId) {
Record record = new Record()
record.setUser(userRepository.getReferenceById(userId));
return recordRepository.save(record);
}
The not-null constraint on the username column of the Record table is violated since the username is not loaded. This does make sense since the getReferenceById method of the JpaRepository interface just returns a proxy and would not return the username. Using the findById method solves this problem, but executes an additional query that I would like to avoid:
#Transactional
public Record createRecord(Long userId) {
Record record = new Record()
record.setUser(userRepository.findById(userId).orElseThrow(RuntimeException::new);
return recordRepository.save(record);
}
Is it possible to fetch an entity reference via a "natural ID" or another unique column?
Additional things to note:
The database schema is managed by Flyway, even in the test context.
Yes, I could just use the numeric ID as the foreign key reference, but I would like to instead use the username.
I know that I could also forgo using the #ManyToOne relationship all together and just use the username in the record class, but I am more interested in the general possibility of leveraging such unique non-primary key columns with Hibernate/Spring Data JPA to the same extent that IDs can be used.
I'm having problem deleting an entity having an Unidirectional #OneToMany custom relationship.
Here the relationship on the "base" entity (relevant columns only):
#Id
#GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
#Basic(optional = false)
#Column(name = "Id", updatable = false)
protected Integer id;
#OneToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL, fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
#JoinColumn(name = "ObjectId", referencedColumnName = "Id")
protected Collection<Attachment> attachmentsCollection;
Here the relevant columns on the "child" entity:
#Id
#GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
#Basic(optional = false)
#Column(name = "Id", updatable = false)
protected Integer id;
#NotNull
#Basic(optional = false)
#Size(min = 1, max = 64)
#Column(name = "ObjectTable", updatable = false)
protected String objectTable;
#Basic(optional = false)
#Column(name = "ObjectId", updatable = false)
protected Integer objectId;
#NotNull
#Basic(optional = false)
#Lob
#Column(name = "Data")
protected byte[] data;
#NotNull
#Basic(optional = false)
#Column(name = "SizeInBytes")
protected Long sizeInBytes;
#NotNull
#Basic(optional = false)
#Size(min = 1, max = 128)
#Column(name = "Name")
protected String name;
Here explanation on why this is a custom relationship:
The base object is the super class of all entities. It has, additional to its own id, the opportunity to associate any number of attachments via the attachments collection. Since Ids are not unique between tables (entities), it's needed to add an additional column in the child table (the attachment table). This additional column (ObjectTable) identifies the entity-kind owning the attachment. Adding this column to the entity'id (ObjectId) column, the relation is complete:
Suppose record 99 of entity Invoice has 2 attachments (attachment 'Z' and attachment 'Y'):
Table Invoice
-------------
Id ColumnA ColumnB ColumnC...
99 'xyz' '2343' 'zyx'
.
.
Table Attachment
----------------
Id ObjectTable ObjectId Data SizeInBytes Name
43542 'Invoice' 99 11100110 437834 'Z.pdf'
43543 'Invoice' 99 101110 867454 'Y.pdf'
I managed to load the relation with a mapping customizer:
public static final String TABLENAME = "TECAttachment";
public static final String OBJECTIDFIELDNAME = TABLENAME + ".ObjectId";
public static final String OBJECTTABLEFIELDNAME = TABLENAME + ".ObjectTable";
// Customize how records are selecting inside entity's attachments collection: include the entities table name
#Override
public void customize(ClassDescriptor descriptor) {
OneToManyMapping mapping = (OneToManyMapping)descriptor.getMappingForAttributeName(AttachmentEntitySessionCustomizer.ATTACHMENTSCOLLECTIONNAME);
ExpressionBuilder eb = new ExpressionBuilder();
Expression eObjectIdNotNull = eb.getField(AttachmentEntitySessionCustomizer.OBJECTIDFIELDNAME).notNull();
Expression eObjectId = eb.getField(AttachmentEntitySessionCustomizer.OBJECTIDFIELDNAME).equal(eb.getParameter(descriptor.getPrimaryKeyFields().get(0)));
Expression eObjectTable = eb.getField(AttachmentEntitySessionCustomizer.OBJECTTABLEFIELDNAME).equalsIgnoreCase(descriptor.getTableName());
mapping.setSelectionCriteria(eObjectIdNotNull.and(eObjectId.and(eObjectTable)));
}
... but I'm having problems during the delete operation of any entity. For a reason that I still don't understand, JPA is executing an update statement over the Attachment table without taking in consideration the ObjectTable column. Here is what's going on when I delete a record from the table PRHTABidParticipationItem:
Finest: Execute query DeleteObjectQuery(com.tec.uportal.prhta.model.bid.participation.PRHTABidParticipationItem[ id=24 ])
Finest: Execute query DataModifyQuery()
Fine: UPDATE TECAttachment SET ObjectId = ? WHERE (ObjectId = ?)
bind => [null, 24]
Fine: DELETE FROM TECPRHTABidParticipationItem WHERE (Id = ?)
bind => [24]
Finer: end unit of work flush
Finer: resume unit of work
Finer: begin unit of work commit
Finer: commit transaction
My problem is that the UPDATE statement over the table TECAttachment updates all records with the given Id and not only those related to the Entity TECPRHTABidParticipationItem.
I think I must override the sql statements DeleteObjectQuery or DataModifyQuery but don't know how.
Any help will be really appreciated.
I'm working with eclipselink-2.7.4
Thanks in advanace!
After a lot or searching, digging and reading I managed to solve my problem.
Basically:
My attachments collection is an unidirectional custom #OneToMany relationship.
I was in the correct path trying to achieve my goal with a collection customizer (a class associated to my collection via annotation and implementing the DescriptorCustomizer interface).
My customizer not only needs to customize the way the "child" records are selected, also it's needed to customize what to do when the parent record is deleted.
The way to do this is to override the default removeAllTargetsQuery property providing a new custom query through the method mapping.setCustomRemoveAllTargetsQuery(DataModifyQuery).
The most difficult part was to understand how the underlying eclipselink implementation sends parameters (which, order, type, etc.) to the custom DataModifyQuery. I had to download the source code of EclipseLink's JPA implementation and figure out how things are done...
Finally, everything is working good and ok thanks to the following simple DescriptorCustomizer:
package com.tec.uportal.model.customizer;
import org.eclipse.persistence.config.DescriptorCustomizer;
import org.eclipse.persistence.descriptors.ClassDescriptor;
import org.eclipse.persistence.expressions.Expression;
import org.eclipse.persistence.expressions.ExpressionBuilder;
import org.eclipse.persistence.internal.helper.DatabaseField;
import org.eclipse.persistence.mappings.OneToManyMapping;
import org.eclipse.persistence.queries.DataModifyQuery;
/**
*
* #author MarcB
*/
public class AttachmenstCollectionAttributeCustomizer implements DescriptorCustomizer {
public static final String ATTACHMENTS__COLLECTION_NAME = "attachmentsCollection";
public static final String ATTACHMENTS_TABLE_OBJECT_TABLE__FIELD_NAME = "ObjectTable";
// Customize attachments collection mapping
#Override
public void customize(ClassDescriptor descriptor) {
// Customize how records are selected inside parent entity's attachments collection: include in the WHERE clause the column ObjectTable
OneToManyMapping mapping = (OneToManyMapping)descriptor.getMappingForAttributeName(ATTACHMENTS__COLLECTION_NAME);
ExpressionBuilder eb = new ExpressionBuilder();
Expression eObjectId = eb.getField(mapping.getTargetForeignKeyFields().get(0).getQualifiedName()).equal(eb.getParameter(descriptor.getPrimaryKeyFields().get(0)));
Expression eObjectTable = eb.getField(mapping.getTargetForeignKeyFields().get(0).getTable().getQualifiedName() + "." + ATTACHMENTS_TABLE_OBJECT_TABLE__FIELD_NAME).equalsIgnoreCase(descriptor.getTable(descriptor.getTableName()).getQualifiedName());
mapping.setSelectionCriteria(eObjectId.and(eObjectTable));
// Customize what must be done (delete childs) when parent entity is deleted
DataModifyQuery dmf = new DataModifyQuery("DELETE " + mapping.getTargetForeignKeyFields().get(0).getTable().getQualifiedName() + " WHERE " + mapping.getTargetForeignKeyFields().get(0).getName() + " = #" + mapping.getTargetForeignKeyFields().get(0).getName() + " AND " + ATTACHMENTS_TABLE_OBJECT_TABLE__FIELD_NAME + " = '" + descriptor.getTableName() + "'");
mapping.setCustomRemoveAllTargetsQuery(dmf);
}
}
I am using Java EE 6. Just want to throw it out there first
Here is the relationship. A customer can have multiple facility
Here is Customer Class
#Entity
public class Customer {
#Id
#GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
private Long id;
private String name;
#OneToMany(cascade=CascadeType.ALL)
#JoinColumn(name="CUSTOMER_FK", nullable=false)
private List<Facility> facilities;
public Customer(){
facilities = new ArrayList<Facility>();
}
public Customer(Long id, String name, List<Facility> facilities) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.facilities = facilities;
}
//set and get method
...
public void addFacility(Facility facility){
this.facilities.add(facility);
}
}
Here is Facility Class
#Entity
public class Facility {
#Id
#GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
private Long id;
private String name;
public Facility(){}
public Facility(Long id, String name, Address address, List<Project> project) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
}
//Set and get method
...
}
Now in main if I just have this, then it work fine. I can see this get insert into my database
Customer customer = new Customer();
customer.setName("Wake Forest University");
EntityManagerFactory emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("EntityLibraryPU");
EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager();
EntityTransaction tx = em.getTransaction();
tx.begin();
em.persist(customer);
tx.commit();
However, as soon as I try to add facility and force FK constrain. Things start to break.
Customer customer = new Customer();
customer.setName("Wake Forest University");
Facility facility = new Facility();
facility.setName("Xia");
customer.addFacility(facility);
EntityManagerFactory emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("EntityLibraryPU");
EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager();
EntityTransaction tx = em.getTransaction();
tx.begin();
em.persist(customer);
tx.commit();
Here is the error. First I get double of the same "Wake Forest University" customer insert into CUSTOMER table (not name attribute is not set to unique, it is that it insert two entries at one time into the database). However, nothing get insert into my FACILITY table. Any idea why? One of the error code is Field 'customer_fk' doesn't have a default value. Maybe that can hint you guys a bit. I have no idea. When I look into the error log :Call: INSERT INTO FACILITY (ID, NAME, STREET2, STREET1, ZIPCODE, STATE, CITY, COUNTRY) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)bind => [2, Xia, null, null, null, null, null, null], my FACILITY table, have a field CUSTOMER_FK, which is created when I try to force one-to-many relationship between CUSTOMER and FACILITY, but the query never insert anything into that field
First I get double of the same "Wake Forest University" customer insert into CUSTOMER table
Well, you didn't define any uniqueness constraint on the name of the Customer entity so nothing prevents this (both records have different PK though). If you want to enforce uniqueness of the name, set a unique constraint:
#Column(unique=true)
String name;
One of the error code is Field 'customer_fk' doesn't have a default value.
I think that the commented line is "guilty":
tx.begin();
em.persist(customer);
//em.persist(facility); //DON'T DO THIS
tx.commit();
First, the facility doesn't know anything about its customer (this is a uni-directional association, from Customer to Facitlity), so JPA can't set the FK, hence the error message.
Second, because you're cascading all operations from the Customer to Facility (with the cascade=CascadeType.ALL in the #OneToMany annotation), you don't need to persist the facility instance.
So, just don't call persist on the facility instance, let JPA cascade things from the customer.
You get the duplicate-named customer because there is no unique constraint on the name column, so running the second test adds the same named customer once again. Add unique=true to customer name and the column will be enforced to be unique. You will then hit a problem that you cannot create a second Customer with the same name.
The Facility does not need to be explicitly saved, since that is also saved in cascade when you save the Customer.
In fact, you also cannot persist the facility directly since it doesn't have it's own table. By using a #JoinColumn, you remove the use of a join table between Customer and Facility and put the customer foreign key in the Facuility table. If you remove the #JoinColumn, then you will see an addtional join table like CUSTOMER_FACILITY, which stores the mapping of customers to facilities. Then, you can persist a facility independently.
I'm getting an error when trying to persist a many to one entity:
Internal Exception: org.postgresql.util.PSQLException: ERROR: insert or update on table "concept" violates foreign key constraint "concept_concept_class_fk"
Detail: Key (concept_class_id)=(Concept) is not present in table "concept_class".
Error Code: 0
Call: INSERT INTO concept (concept_key, description, label, code, concept_class_id) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
bind => [27, description_1, label_1, code_1, Concept]
Query: InsertObjectQuery(com.mirth.results.entities.Concept[conceptKey=27])
at com.sun.ejb.containers.BaseContainer.checkExceptionClientTx(BaseContainer.java:3728)
at com.sun.ejb.containers.BaseContainer.postInvokeTx(BaseContainer.java:3576)
at com.sun.ejb.containers.BaseContainer.postInvoke(BaseContainer.java:1354)
... 101 more
Here is the method that tries to persist it. I've put a comment where the line is:
#Override
public void loadConcept(String metaDataFilePath, String dataFilePath) throws Exception {
try {
ConceptClassMetaData conceptClassMetaData = (ConceptClassMetaData) ModelSerializer.getInstance().fromXML(FileUtils.readFileToString(new File(metaDataFilePath), "UTF8"));
em.executeNativeQuery(conceptClassMetaData.getCreateStatement());
ConceptClassRow conceptClassRow = conceptClassMetaData.getConceptClassRow();
ConceptClass conceptClass = em.findByPrimaryKey(ConceptClass.class, conceptClassRow.getId());
if (conceptClass == null) {
conceptClass = new ConceptClass(conceptClassRow.getId());
}
conceptClass.setLabel(conceptClassRow.getLabel());
conceptClass.setOid(conceptClassRow.getOid());
conceptClass.setDescription(conceptClassRow.getDescription());
conceptClass = em.merge(conceptClass);
DataParser dataParser = new DataParser(conceptClassMetaData, dataFilePath);
for (ConceptModel conceptModel : dataParser.getConceptRows()) {
ConceptFilter<Concept> filter = new ConceptFilter<Concept>(Concept.class);
filter.setCode(conceptModel.getCode());
filter.setConceptClass(conceptClass.getLabel());
List<Concept> concepts = em.findAllByFilter(filter);
Concept concept = new Concept();
if (concepts != null && !concepts.isEmpty()) {
concept = concepts.get(0);
}
concept.setCode(conceptModel.getCode());
concept.setDescription(conceptModel.getDescription());
concept.setLabel(conceptModel.getLabel());
concept.setConceptClass(conceptClass);
concept = em.merge(concept); //THIS LINE CAUSES THE ERROR!
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw e;
}
}
...
Here are how the two entities are defined:
#Entity
#Table(name = "concept")
#Inheritance(strategy=InheritanceType.JOINED)
#DiscriminatorColumn(name="concept_class_id", discriminatorType=DiscriminatorType.STRING)
public class Concept extends KanaEntity {
#Id
#Basic(optional = false)
#Column(name = "concept_key")
protected Integer conceptKey;
#Basic(optional = false)
#Column(name = "code")
private String code;
#Basic(optional = false)
#Column(name = "label")
private String label;
#Column(name = "description")
private String description;
#JoinColumn(name = "concept_class_id", referencedColumnName = "id")
#ManyToOne
private ConceptClass conceptClass;
...
#Entity
#Table(name = "concept_class")
public class ConceptClass extends KanaEntity {
#Id
#Basic(optional = false)
#Column(name = "id")
private String id;
#Basic(optional = false)
#Column(name = "label")
private String label;
#Column(name = "oid")
private String oid;
#Column(name = "description")
private String description;
....
And also, what's important is the sql that's being generated:
INSERT INTO concept_class (id, oid, description, label) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?) bind => [LOINC_TEST, 2.16.212.31.231.54, This is a meta data file for LOINC_TEST, loinc_test]
INSERT INTO concept (concept_key, description, label, code, concept_class_id) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?) bind => [27, description_1, label_1, code_1, Concept]
The reason this is failing is obvious: It's inserting the word Concept for the concept_class_id. It should be inserting the word LOINC_TEST. I can't figure out why it's using this word. I've used the debugger to look at the Concept and the ConceptClass instance and neither of them contain this word. I'm using eclipselink. Does anyone know why this is happening?
You have two conflicting definitions for the column concept_class_id.
The column concept_class_id appears in the #DiscriminatorColumn and #JoinColumn annotations around class Concept. You can't do that. Those two annotations are fighting for control of the column concept_class_id in table concept. #DiscriminatorColumn happens to be winning. That's why the class name, "Concept", appears in the SQL binding where you expect a ConceptClass id.
By the way, #DiscriminatorColumn is only useful when multiple classes share a single table. The #D/C records which class a row represents. If only objects of class Concept are stored in the concept table, then you can remove #DiscriminatorColumn. #D/C is pointless unless you have multiple classes in a table.
To summarize, fixes include:
Alter "name" in Concept's #DiscriminatorColumn annotation
Alter "name" in Concept.conceptClass's #JoinColumn annotation
Remove #DiscriminatorColumn annotation on class Concept
HTH
We have a pojo that needs to have a list of integers. As an example, I've created a Message pojo and would like to associate a list of groupIds (these ids need to be queried and displayed in the UI). So ideally, we would like to be able to do something like this:
Message msg = em.find(Message.class, 101);
List<Integer> groupIds = msg.getGroupIds();
I was under the impression that this would require only one pojo with JPA, but according to the discussion here, I need to create a second pojo because JPA works in terms of objects instead of primitive types.
From that discussion I've tried the following example code, but I get the error openjpa-1.2.3-SNAPSHOT-r422266:907835 fatal user error: org.apache.openjpa.util.MetaDataException: The type of field "pojo.Group.messageId" isn't supported by declared persistence strategy "ManyToOne". Please choose a different strategy.
DDL:
CREATE TABLE "APP"."MESSAGE" (
"MESSAGE_ID" INTEGER NOT NULL GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY (START WITH 1, INCREMENT BY 1),
"AUTHOR" CHAR(20) NOT NULL
);
ALTER TABLE "APP"."MESSAGE" ADD CONSTRAINT "MESSAGE_PK" PRIMARY KEY ("MESSAGE_ID");
CREATE TABLE "APP"."GROUP_ASSOC" (
"GROUP_ID" INTEGER NOT NULL,
"MESSAGE_ID" INTEGER NOT NULL
);
ALTER TABLE "APP"."GROUP_ASSOC" ADD CONSTRAINT "GROUP_ASSOC_PK" PRIMARY KEY ("MESSAGE_ID", "GROUP_ID");
ALTER TABLE "APP"."GROUP_ASSOC" ADD CONSTRAINT "GROUP_ASSOC_FK" FOREIGN KEY ("MESSAGE_ID")
REFERENCES "APP"."MESSAGE" ("MESSAGE_ID");
POJOs:
#Entity
#Table(name = "MESSAGE")
public class Message {
#Id
#Column(name = "MESSAGE_ID")
#GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long messageId;
#OneToMany
private List<Group> groups = new ArrayList<Group>();
#Column(name = "AUTHOR")
private String author;
// getters/setters ommitted
}
#Entity
#IdClass(pojo.Group.GroupKey.class)
#Table(name = "GROUP_ASSOC")
public class Group {
#Id
#Column(name = "GROUP_ID")
private Long groupId;
#Id
#Column(name = "MESSAGE_ID")
#ManyToOne
private Long messageId;
public static class GroupKey {
public Long groupId;
public Long messageId;
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if(obj == this) return true;
if(!(obj instanceof Group)) return false;
Group g = (Group) obj;
return g.getGroupId() == groupId && g.getMessageId() == messageId;
}
public int hashCode() {
return ((groupId == null) ? 0 : groupId.hashCode())
^ ((messageId == null) ? 0 : messageId.hashCode());
}
}
// getters/setters ommitted
}
Test Code:
EntityManager em = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("JPATest").createEntityManager();
em.getTransaction().begin();
Message msg = new Message();
msg.setAuthor("Paul");
em.persist(msg);
List<Group> groups = new ArrayList<Group>();
Group g1 = new Group();
g1.setMessageId(msg.getMessageId());
Group g2 = new Group();
g2.setMessageId(msg.getMessageId());
msg.setGroups(groups);
em.getTransaction().commit();
This all seems ridiculous -- 3 classes (if you include the GroupKey composite identity class) to model a list of integers -- isn't there a more elegant solution?
This is an old topic but things have changed since OpenJPA2, now you can directly persist primitive types or String object. Use ElementCollection annotation to use simple one-to-many linking, no need to intermediate object or link tables. This is how most of us probably create SQL schemas.
#Entity #Table(name="user") #Access(AccessType.FIELD)
public class User {
#Id #GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private long id; // primary key (autogen surrogate)
private String name;
// ElementCollection provides simple OneToMany linking.
// joinColumn.name=foreign key in child table. Column.name=value in child table
#ElementCollection(fetch=FetchType.LAZY)
#CollectionTable(name="user_role", joinColumns={#JoinColumn(name="user_id")})
#Column(name="role")
private List<String> roles;
public long getId() { return id; }
public void setId(long id) { this.id = id; }
public String getName() { return name; }
public void setName(String name) { this.name=name; }
public List<String> getRoles() { return roles; }
public void setRoles(List<String> roles) { this.roles=roles; }
}
- - -
CREATE TABLE user (
id bigint NOT NULL auto_increment,
name varchar(64) NOT NULL default '',
PRIMARY KEY (id),
UNIQUE KEY USERNAME (name)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ;
CREATE TABLE user_role (
user_id bigint NOT NULL,
role varchar(64) NOT NULL default '',
PRIMARY KEY (user_id, role)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ;
I really think that what you have is in fact a many-to-many association between two Entities (let's call them Message and Group).
The DDL to represent this would be:
CREATE TABLE "APP"."MESSAGE" (
"MESSAGE_ID" INTEGER NOT NULL GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY (START WITH 1, INCREMENT BY 1),
"AUTHOR" CHAR(20) NOT NULL
);
ALTER TABLE "APP"."MESSAGE" ADD CONSTRAINT "MESSAGE_PK" PRIMARY KEY ("MESSAGE_ID");
CREATE TABLE "APP"."GROUP" (
"GROUP_ID" INTEGER NOT NULL GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY (START WITH 1, INCREMENT BY 1)
);
ALTER TABLE "APP"."GROUP" ADD CONSTRAINT "GROUP_PK" PRIMARY KEY ("GROUP_ID");
CREATE TABLE "APP"."MESSAGE_GROUP" (
"GROUP_ID" INTEGER NOT NULL,
"MESSAGE_ID" INTEGER NOT NULL
);
ALTER TABLE "APP"."MESSAGE_GROUP" ADD CONSTRAINT "MESSAGE_GROUP_PK" PRIMARY KEY ("MESSAGE_ID", "GROUP_ID");
ALTER TABLE "APP"."MESSAGE_GROUP" ADD CONSTRAINT "MESSAGE_GROUP_FK1" FOREIGN KEY ("MESSAGE_ID")
REFERENCES "APP"."MESSAGE" ("MESSAGE_ID");
ALTER TABLE "APP"."MESSAGE_GROUP" ADD CONSTRAINT "MESSAGE_GROUP_FK2" FOREIGN KEY ("GROUP_ID")
REFERENCES "APP"."MESSAGE" ("GROUP_ID");
And the annotated classes:
#Entity
public class Message {
#Id
#Column(name = "MESSAGE_ID")
#GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long messageId;
#ManyToMany
#JoinTable(
name = "MESSAGE_GROUP",
joinColumns = #JoinColumn(name = "MESSAGE_ID"),
inverseJoinColumns = #JoinColumn(name = "GROUP_ID")
)
private List<Group> groups = new ArrayList<Group>();
private String author;
//...
}
#Entity
public class Group {
#Id
#GeneratedValue
#Column(name = "GROUP_ID")
private Long groupId;
#ManyToMany(mappedBy = "groups")
private List<Message> messages = new ArrayList<Message>();
//...
}
I'm not sure you need a bi-directional association though. But you definitely need to start to think object if you want to use JPA (in you're example, you're still setting ids, you should set Entities). Or maybe JPA is not what you need.
isn't there a more elegant solution?
I'm not sure "elegant" is appropriate but JPA 2.0 defines an ElementCollection mapping (as I said in my previous answer):
It is meant to handle several non-standard relationship mappings. An ElementCollection can be used to define a one-to-many relationship to an Embeddable object, or a Basic value (such as a collection of Strings).
But that's in JPA 2.0. In JPA 1.0, you would have to use a provider specific equivalent, if your provider does offer such an extension. It appears that OpenJPA does with #PersistentCollection.
Based on your schema you have a ManyToOne relationship between Group and Message. Which means that a single Message can belong to multiple groups, but each group can have a single message.
The entities would look something like this.
#Entity
#Table(name = "GROUP_ASSOC")
public class Group {
#Id
#Column(name="GROUP_ID")
private int id;
#ManyToOne
#Column(name="MESSAGE_ID")
#ForeignKey
private Message message;
// . . .
}
#Entity
public class Message {
#Id
#GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
#Column(name = "MESSAGE_ID")
private int id;
#Column(length=20)
private String author;
#OneToMany(mappedBy="message")
private Collection<Group> groups;
}
There's no need for an IDClass in your app (you only need one if your ID is contains multiple columns).
To get the groupIds for a given message you could write a query like this one
Query q = em.createQuery("Select g.id from Group g where g.message.id = :messageId");
q.setParameter("messageId", 1);
List results = q.getResultList();
Or just iterate over Message.getGroups() :
Message m = em.find(Message.class, 1);
for(Group g : m.getGroups()) {
// create a list, process the group whatever fits.
}