is there a simple way in Matlab to create visualisations like the following?
Important are the 2 ring-like shapes and the attached vectors, (more or less) pointing to the center of the black spots. Hints to other visualisation tools creating vector images which might lead to similar results are also very appreciated! All my efforts to solve that task did not bring me any further...
Matlab would be a good platform for automatically generating this kind of visualisation for different "spot-scenarios"...
Thank you in advance,
M.
Here's part of the figure. The rest should be easy to figure out
%# define the ring
phi = linspace(0,2*pi,360);
innerRim = [cos(phi)',sin(phi)'];
outerRim = [cos(phi)',sin(phi)']*1.3;
xRing = [outerRim(:,1),innerRim(:,1),innerRim([2:end,1],1),outerRim([2:end,1],1)]';
yRing = [outerRim(:,2),innerRim(:,2),innerRim([2:end,1],2),outerRim([2:end,2],2)]';
%# create some data. 0 for black 0.5 for gray.
%# RingData has a value for each degree
ringData = ones(1,360) * 0.5;
ringData(25:30) = 0;
ringData(77:80) = 0;
ringData(240:255) = 0;
%# plot the ring
%# for an outer ring, add 1 to xRing, yRing
figure
patch(xRing,yRing,ringData,'EdgeColor','none');
set(gca,'cLim',[0 1]);
axis square
axis off
set(gcf,'color','w');
%# plot three arrows at the origin
hold on, qh=quiver(zeros(3,1),zeros(3,1),[0.4;0.3;-0.5],[0.7;-0.1;0.3])
set(qh,'LineWidth',3)
You can start with a compass plot: http://www.mathworks.com/help/techdoc/ref/compass.html or a polar plot: http://www.mathworks.com/help/techdoc/ref/polar.html . Another option is: http://undocumentedmatlab.com/blog/jfreechart-graphs-and-gauges/ .
Related
To be exact I need the four end points of the road in the image below.
I used find[x y]. It does not provide satisfying result in real time.
I'm assuming the images are already annotated. In this case we just find the marked points and extract coordinates (if you need to find the red points dynamically through code, this won't work at all)
The first thing you have to do is find a good feature to use for segmentation. See my SO answer here what-should-i-use-hsv-hsb-or-rgb-and-why for code and details. That produces the following image:
we can see that saturation (and a few others) are good candidate colors spaces. So now you must transfer your image to the new color space and do thresholding to find your points.
Points are obtained using matlab's region properties looking specifically for the centroid. At that point you are done.
Here is complete code and results
im = imread('http://i.stack.imgur.com/eajRb.jpg');
HUE = 1;
SATURATION = 2;
BRIGHTNESS = 3;
%see https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30022377/what-should-i-use-hsv-hsb-or-rgb-and-why/30036455#30036455
ViewColoredSpaces(im)
%convert image to hsv
him = rgb2hsv(im);
%threshold, all rows, all columns,
my_threshold = 0.8; %determined empirically
thresh_sat = him(:,:,SATURATION) > my_threshold;
%remove small blobs using a 3 pixel disk
se = strel('disk',3');
cleaned_sat = imopen(thresh_sat, se);% imopen = imdilate(imerode(im,se),se)
%find the centroids of the remaining blobs
s = regionprops(cleaned_sat, 'centroid');
centroids = cat(1, s.Centroid);
%plot the results
figure();
subplot(2,2,1) ;imshow(thresh_sat) ;title('Thresholded saturation channel')
subplot(2,2,2) ;imshow(cleaned_sat);title('After morpphological opening')
subplot(2,2,3:4);imshow(im) ;title('Annotated img')
hold on
for (curr_centroid = 1:1:size(centroids,1))
%prints coordinate
x = round(centroids(curr_centroid,1));
y = round(centroids(curr_centroid,2));
text(x,y,sprintf('[%d,%d]',x,y),'Color','y');
end
%plots centroids
scatter(centroids(:,1),centroids(:,2),[],'y')
hold off
%prints out centroids
centroids
centroids =
7.4593 143.0000
383.0000 87.9911
435.3106 355.9255
494.6491 91.1491
Some sample code would make it much easier to tailor a specific solution to your problem.
One solution to this general problem is using impoint.
Something like
h = figure();
ax = gca;
% ... drawing your image
points = {};
points = [points; impoint(ax,initialX,initialY)];
% ... generate more points
indx = 1 % or whatever point you care about
[currentX,currentY] = getPosition(points{indx});
should do the trick.
Edit: First argument of impoint is an axis object, not a figure object.
I have got a cell, which is like this : Data={[2,3],[5,6],[1,4],[6,7]...}
The number in every square brackets represent x and y of a point respectively. There will be a new coordinate into the cell in every loop of my algorithm.
I want to plot these points into a time-changing curve, which will tell me the trajectory of the point.
As a beginner of MATLAB, I have no idea of this stage. Thanks for your help.
Here is some sample code to get you started. It uses some basic Matlab functionalities that you will hopefully find useful as you continue using it. I added come data points to you cell array for illustrative purposes.
The syntax to access elements into the cell array might seem weird but is important. Look here for details about cell array indexing.
In order to give nice colors to the points, I generated an array based on the jet colormap built-in in Matlab. Basically issuing the command
Colors = jet(N)
create a N x 3 matrix in which every row is a 3-element color ranging from blue to red. That way you can see which points were detected before other (i.e. blue before red). Of course you can change that to anything you want (look here if you're interested).
So here is the code. If something is unclear please ask for clarifications.
clear
clc
%// Get data
Data = {[2,3],[5,6],[1,4],[6,7],[8,1],[5,2],[7,7]};
%// Set up a matrix to color the points. Here I used a jet colormap
%// available from MATLAB but that could be anything.
Colors = jet(numel(Data));
figure;
%// Use "hold all" to prevent the content of the figure to be overwritten
%// at every iterations.
hold all
for k = 1:numel(Data)
%// Note the syntax used to access the content of the cell array.
scatter(Data{k}(1),Data{k}(2),60,Colors(k,:),'filled');
%// Trace a line to link consecutive points
if k > 1
line([Data{k-1}(1) Data{k}(1)],[Data{k-1}(2) Data{k}(2)],'LineStyle','--','Color','k');
end
end
%// Set up axis limits
axis([0 10 0 11])
%// Add labels to axis and add a title.
xlabel('X coordinates','FontSize',16)
ylabel('Y coordinates','FontSize',16)
title('This is a very boring title','FontSize',18)
Which outputs the following:
This would be easier to achieve if all of your data was stored in a n by 2 (or 2 by n) matrix. In this case, each row would be a new entry. For example:
Data=[2,3;
5,6;
1,4;
6,7];
plot(Data(:, 1), Data(:, 2))
Would plot your points. Fortunately, Matlab is able to handle matrices which grow on every iteration, though it is not recommended.
If you really wanted to work with cells, there are a couple of ways you could do it. Firstly, you could assign the elements to a matrix and repeat the above method:
NumPoints = numel(Data);
DataMat = zeros(NumPoints, 2);
for I = 1:NumPoints % Data is a cell here
DataMat(I, :) = cell2mat(Data(I));
end
You could alternatively plot the elements straight from the cell, though this would limit your plot options.
NumPoints = numel(Data);
hold on
for I = 1:NumPoints
point = cell2mat(Data(I));
plot(point(1), point(2))
end
hold off
With regards to your time changing curve, if you find that Matlab starts to slow down after it stores lots of points, it is possible to limit your viewing window in time with clever indexing. For example:
index = 1;
SamplingRate = 10; % How many times per second are we taking a sample (Hertz)?
WindowTime = 10; % How far into the past do we want to store points (seconds)?
NumPoints = SamplingRate * WindowTime
Data = zeros(NumPoints, 2);
while running
% Your code goes here
Data(index, :) = NewData;
index = index + 1;
index = mod(index-1, NumPoints)+1;
plot(Data(:, 1), Data(:, 2))
drawnow
end
Will store your data in a Matrix of fixed size, meaning Matlab won't slow down.
I'm trying to have a textbox in MATLAB on a spinning plot, but I don't want the textbox to change its position relative to the figure. I thought that 'units','normalized' in the text function would do it, but it's not quite working, as the example below illustrates. I suppose I could use uicontrol but I'd like to use Greek letters and I can't get uicontrol looking quite as good as text. The following example recreates my problem. You'll notice the text box moves as the plot spins, but I'd like it to just stay in the top left region where it starts. Thank you!
part_x = rand(1000,3)-.5; %generate random 3D coordinates to scatter
fig1 = figure;
scatter3(part_x(:,1), part_x(:,2), part_x(:,3))
axis equal vis3d
axis([-1 1 -1 1 -1 1])
set(fig1,'color','w')
for tau = 1:150
view(tau+20,30); %spin the plot
pause(.01)
if tau~=1; delete(tau_text); end; %delete the previous text if it exists
tau_text = text(.1,.7,...
['\tau = ',num2str(tau)],...
'units','normalized',... %text coordinates relative to figure?
'Margin',3,... %these last 3 lines make it look nice
'edgecolor','k',...
'backgroundcolor','w');
end
Several things:
1) As you found out - using an annotation object instead of text object is the way to go. The difference is explained very nicely here.
2) You should only create the annotation once and then modify its string instead of deleting and recreating it on every iteration.
Finally:
part_x = rand(1000,3)-.5;
fig1 = figure;
scatter3(part_x(:,1), part_x(:,2), part_x(:,3))
axis equal vis3d
axis([-1 1 -1 1 -1 1])
set(fig1,'color','w')
%// Create the text outside the loop:
tau_text = annotation('textbox',[0.2 0.8 0.1 0.05],...
'string','\tau = NaN',...
'Margin',4,...
'edgecolor','k',...
'backgroundcolor','w',...
'LineWidth',1);
for tau = 1:150
view(tau+20,30);
pause(.01)
set(tau_text,'String',['\tau = ',num2str(tau)]); %// Modify the string
end
Notes:
1) It is interesting to note that #Otto's suggestion of using legend results in the creation of an axes (because this is what a legend object is - an axes with annotation children). You could then position the legend manually, and get its location using either get(gco,'position') (assuming it was the last thing you clicked) or more generally get(findobj('tag','legend'),'position'). Afterwards, whenever you create the legend, you can just set its position to the one you previously got. You could also get rid of the line\marker inside the legend by deleting the appropriate child of type line from the legend, e.g.:
ezplot('sin(x)');
hLeg = legend('\tauex\tau');
delete(findobj(findobj('Tag','legend'),'Type','line'));
hA1 = findobj(findobj('Tag','legend'),'Type','text');
set(hA1,'Position',[0.5,0.5,0],'HorizontalAlignment','center');
It is of course also possible to manipulate the legend's String using its handle (hA1) directly.
2) This post on UndocumentedMatlab discusses the behavior of annotation objects and some undocumented ways to manipulate them.
You could use
legend(['\tau = ',num2str(tau)],'Location','NorthWestOutside')
Thank you Dev-iL! annotation works much better for this purpose than text and the implementation is very similar. And thank you for the advice on modifying the string rather than deleting an recreating it.
Here is the code now, working much better:
part_x = rand(1000,3)-.5; %generate random 3D coordinates to scatter
fig1 = figure;
scatter3(part_x(:,1), part_x(:,2), part_x(:,3))
axis equal vis3d
axis([-1 1 -1 1 -1 1])
set(fig1,'color','w')
tau_text = annotation('textbox',[0.2 0.8 0.1 0.05],...
'string','',...
'Margin',4,... %these last 4 lines make it look nice
'edgecolor','k',...
'backgroundcolor','w',...
'LineWidth',1);
for tau = 1:150
view(tau+20,30); %spin the plot
pause(.01)
set(tau_text,'String',['\tau = ',num2str(tau)]);
end
I need to know how to align an image in Matlab for further work.
for example I have the next license plate image and I want to recognize all
the digits.
my program works for straight images so, I need to align the image and then
preform the optical recognition system.
The method should be as much as universal that fits for all kinds of plates and in all kinds of angles.
EDIT: I tried to do this with Hough Transform but I didn't Succeed. anybody can help me do to this?
any help will be greatly appreciated.
The solution was first hinted at by #AruniRC in the comments, then implemented by #belisarius in Mathematica. The following is my interpretation in MATLAB.
The idea is basically the same: detect edges using Canny method, find prominent lines using Hough Transform, compute line angles, finally perform a Shearing Transform to align the image.
%# read and crop image
I = imread('http://i.stack.imgur.com/CJHaA.png');
I = I(:,1:end-3,:); %# remove small white band on the side
%# egde detection
BW = edge(rgb2gray(I), 'canny');
%# hough transform
[H T R] = hough(BW);
P = houghpeaks(H, 4, 'threshold',ceil(0.75*max(H(:))));
lines = houghlines(BW, T, R, P);
%# shearing transforma
slopes = vertcat(lines.point2) - vertcat(lines.point1);
slopes = slopes(:,2) ./ slopes(:,1);
TFORM = maketform('affine', [1 -slopes(1) 0 ; 0 1 0 ; 0 0 1]);
II = imtransform(I, TFORM);
Now lets see the results
%# show edges
figure, imshow(BW)
%# show accumlation matrix and peaks
figure, imshow(imadjust(mat2gray(H)), [], 'XData',T, 'YData',R, 'InitialMagnification','fit')
xlabel('\theta (degrees)'), ylabel('\rho'), colormap(hot), colorbar
hold on, plot(T(P(:,2)), R(P(:,1)), 'gs', 'LineWidth',2), hold off
axis on, axis normal
%# show image with lines overlayed, and the aligned/rotated image
figure
subplot(121), imshow(I), hold on
for k = 1:length(lines)
xy = [lines(k).point1; lines(k).point2];
plot(xy(:,1), xy(:,2), 'g.-', 'LineWidth',2);
end, hold off
subplot(122), imshow(II)
In Mathematica, using Edge Detection and Hough Transform:
If you are using some kind of machine learning toolbox for text recognition, try to learn from ALL plates - not only aligned ones. Recognition results should be equally well if you transform the plate or dont, since by transforming, no new informations according to the true number will enhance the image.
If all the images have a dark background like that one, you could binarize the image, fit lines to the top or bottom of the bright area and calculate an affine projection matrix from the line gradient.
Let's say I have 9 MxN black and white images that are in some way related to one another (i.e. time lapse of some event). What is a way that I can display all of these images on one surface plot?
Assume the MxN matrices only contain 0's and 1's. Assume the images simply contain white lines on a black background (i.e. pixel value == 1 if that pixel is part of a line, 0 otherwise). Assume images are ordered in such a way as to suggest movement progression of line(s) in subsequent images. I want to be able to see a "side-view" (or volumetric representation) of these images which will show the surface that a particular line "carves out" in its movement across the images.
Coding is done in MATLAB. I have looked at plot (but it only does 2D plots) and surf, which does 3D plots but doesn't work for my MxNx9 matrix of images. I have also tried to experiment with contourslice, but not sure what parameters to pass it.
Thanks!
Mariya
Are these images black and white with simple features on a "blank" field, or greyscale, with more dense information?
I can see a couple of approaches.
You can use movie() to display a sequence of images as an animation.
For a static view of sparse, simple data, you could plot each image as a separate layer in a single figure, giving each layer a different color for the foreground, and using AlphaData to make the background transparent so all the steps in the sequenc show through. The gradient of colors corresponds to position in the image sequence. Here's an example.
function plotImageSequence
% Made-up test data
nLayers = 9;
x = zeros(100,100,nLayers);
for i = 1:nLayers
x(20+(3*i),:,i) = 1;
end
% Plot each image as a "layer", indicated by color
figure;
hold on;
for i = 1:nLayers
layerData = x(:,:,i);
alphaMask = layerData == 1;
layerData(logical(layerData)) = i; % So each layer gets its own color
image('CData',layerData,...
'AlphaData',alphaMask,...
'CDataMapping','scaled');
end
hold off
Directly showing the path of movement a "line" carves out is hard with raster data, because Matlab won't know which "moved" pixels in two subsequent images are associated with each other. Don't suppose you have underlying vector data for the geometric features in the images? Plot3() might allow you to show their movement, with time as the z axis. Or you could use the regular plot() and some manual fiddling to plot the paths of all the control points or vertexes in the geometric features.
EDIT: Here's a variation that uses patch() to draw each pixel as a little polygon floating in space at the Z level of its index in the image sequence. I think this will look more like the "surface" style plots you are asking for. You could fiddle with the FaceAlpha property to make dense plots more legible.
function plotImageSequencePatch
% Made-up test data
nLayers = 6;
sz = [50 50];
img = zeros(sz(1),sz(2),nLayers);
for i = 1:nLayers
img(20+(3*i),:,i) = 1;
end
% Plot each image as a "layer", indicated by color
% With each "pixel" as a separate patch
figure;
set(gca, 'XLim', [0 sz(1)]);
set(gca, 'YLim', [0 sz(2)]);
hold on;
for i = 1:nLayers
layerData = img(:,:,i);
[x,y] = find(layerData); % X,Y of all pixels
% Reshape in to patch outline
x = x';
y = y';
patch_x = [x; x+1; x+1; x];
patch_y = [y; y; y+1; y+1];
patch_z = repmat(i, size(patch_x));
patch(patch_x, patch_y, patch_z, i);
end
hold off