In Elisp, how to get path string with slash properly inserted? - emacs

Question

I am manually constructing path strings in Elisp by concatenating partial paths and directory names. Unfortunately sometimes the paths end with slash, sometimes not. Therefore, I need to insert slash before concatenating a directory name when necessary but not otherwise. What's a good way to do this?

Answer 1

(file-name-as-directory dir) will return directory path dir with a trailing slash, adding one if necessary, and not otherwise.
If you had your sequence of partial paths in a list, you could do something like:
(let ((directory-list '("/foo" "bar/" "p/q/" "x/y"))
(file-name "some_file.el"))
(concat
(mapconcat 'file-name-as-directory directory-list "")
file-name))
"/foo/bar/p/q/x/y/some_file.el"
or as an alternative, if you wanted to include the file name in the list, you could utilise directory-file-name which does the opposite of file-name-as-directory:
(let ((path-list '("/foo" "bar/" "p/q/" "x/y/some_file.el")))
(mapconcat 'directory-file-name path-list "/"))
"/foo/bar/p/q/x/y/some_file.el"
(Someone please correct me if using directory-file-name on a non-directory is not portable?)

Answer 2

The easiest way to assemble file names from parts of questionable content is with expand-file-name. For example:
(expand-file-name "foo.txt")
this common form will give you a full file name based on default-directory:
/home/me/foo.txt
but if you have a variable 'dir' whose content is "/home/them/subdir" and want to use that, do this:
(expand-file-name "foo.txt" dir)
it doesn't matter if dir ends in / or not. If you are on some other platform, and contains the other slash, it will do the right thing then too. Do you have a mix? Just stack them:
(expand-file-name "foo.txt" (expand-file-name "somesubdir" dir))

Answer 3

Something like this should work as a starting point, although you'd want to flesh it out a bit to make it platform independent, etc.
(defun append-path-component (path new-part)
(if (string-match ".*/$" path)
(concat path new-part)
(concat path "/" new-part)))
As per usual, there's probably some bit of elisp that already does this that I'm just not aware of.

Answer 4

Unless you really care about keeping relative file names as relative, then it's always much better to avoid concat and use expand-file-name instead.

Answer 5

(defun* tofilename (directorylist &optional (filename nil))
"concatenate directory names into a path, with an optional file name as last part"
(concat
(mapconcat 'directory-file-name directorylist "/")
"/"
filename))
(tofilename '("~/" "Temp/") "temp.txt")
;; => "~/Temp/temp.txt"
(tofilename '("~/" "Temp/"))
;; => "~/Temp/"
(tofilename '("~/" "Temp/" "test"))
;; => "~/Temp/temp/"

Answer 6

If you deal with file manipulation, joining and splitting filepaths, checking empty directories and such, I strongly recommend installing f.el, modern file manipulation library. You will have a huge set of file and filepath manipulation functions under one namespace and will never reinvent the wheel again.
The function you need is f-join, it concatenates parts of a path, adding slash only where needed.