I am using Perl library HTTP::Async as follows:
use strict;
use warnings;
use HTTP::Async;
use Time::HiRes;
...
my $async = HTTP::Async->new( ... );
my $request = HTTP::Request->new( GET => $url );
my $start = [Time::HiRes::gettimeofday()];
my $id = $async->add($request);
my $response = undef;
while (!$response) {
$response = $async->wait_for_next_response(1);
last if Time::HiRes::tv_interval($start) > TIME_OUT;
}
...
When while loop timeout and script ends, I experience the the following error message:
HTTP::Async object destroyed but still in use at script.pl line 0
HTTP::Async INTERNAL ERROR: 'id_opts' not empty at script.pl line 0
What are my options? How can I "clean-up" HTTP::Async object if still in use, but not needed anymore?
I would suggest that you remove incomplete requests, but the module does not provide any interface to do so.
Option 1: Add removal functionality.
Add the following to your script:
BEGIN {
require HTTP::Async;
package HTTP::Async;
if (!defined(&remove)) {
*remove = sub {
my ($self, $id) = #_;
my $hashref = $self->{in_progress}{$id}
or return undef;
my $s = $hashref->{handle};
$self->_io_select->remove($s);
delete $self->{fileno_to_id}{ $s->fileno };
delete $self->{in_progress}{$id};
delete $self->{id_opts}{$id};
return $hashref->{request};
};
}
if (!defined(&remove_all)) {
*remove_all = sub {
my ($self) = #_;
return map $self->remove($_), keys %{ $self->{in_progress} };
};
}
}
You should contact the author and see if he can add this feature. $id is the value returned by add.
Option 2: Silence all warnings from the destructor.
If you're ok with not servicing all the requests, there's no harm in silencing the warnings. You can do so as follows:
use Sub::ScopeFinalizer qw( scope_finalizer );
my $async = ...;
my $anchor = scope_finalizer {
local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub { };
$async = undef;
};
...
Note that this will silence all warnings that occur during the object's destruction, so I don't like this as much.
It's not too hard to subclass HTTP::Async for a more general solution. I use this to be able to abort all pending requests:
package HTTP::Async::WithFlush;
use strict;
use warnings;
use base 'HTTP::Async';
use Time::HiRes qw(time);
sub _flush_to_send {
my $self = shift;
for my $request (#{ $self->{to_send} }) {
delete $self->{id_opts}->{$request->[1]};
}
$self->{to_send} = [];
}
sub _flush_in_progress {
my $self = shift;
# cause all transfers to time out
for my $id (keys %{ $self->{in_progress} }) {
$self->{in_progress}->{$id}->{finish_by} = time - 1;
}
$self->_process_in_progress;
}
sub _flush_to_return {
my $self = shift;
while($self->_next_response(-1)) { }
}
sub flush_pending_requests {
my $self = shift;
$self->_flush_to_send;
$self->_flush_in_progress;
$self->_flush_to_return;
return;
}
1;
This is (maybe) easier on using the module internals than the code by #ikegami.
Related
I want to create a hash reference with code references mapped to scalars (strings) as its members.
So far I have a map reference that looks something like this:
my $object;
$object = {
'code1' => sub {
print $_[0];
},
'code2' => sub {
return 'Hello, World!';
},
'code3' => sub {
$object->{code1}->($object->{code2}->());
}
};
$object->{code3}->();
I would like to be able to "bless" the 'code3' reference in $object with $object, so I can do something like:
my $object;
$object = {
'code1' => sub {
print $_[0];
},
'code2' => sub {
return 'Hello, World!';
},
'code3' => sub {
$self = shift;
$self->{code1}->($self->{code2}->());
}
};
$object->{code3}->();
However, bless only works with packages, rather than hash tables.
Is there a way to do this in Perl 5 version 22?
Note: now that I think of it, it's better to pass $object to the method explicitly, as it solves JavaScript's "this" problem. I am just too used to Java's "this" which makes sense in Java where everything is a class and therefore all methods have a "this", but in scripting, it really helps to know if the "this" is actually passed, or is it just called as a function(and you end up accidentally polluting global scope or triggering strict warning) passing $self explicitly makes it clear that you are not calling it as a function, but as a method.
You are doing sub calls (not method calls), so you simply forgot to pass $self as a parameter.
my $object = {
code1 => sub {
print $_[0];
},
code2 => sub {
return 'Hello, World!';
},
code3 => sub {
my $self = shift;
$self->{code1}->( $self, $self->{code2}->($self) );
}
};
$object->{code3}->($object);
But I think you're trying to create JavaScript-like objects. You can start with the following:
package PrototypeObject;
sub new {
my $class = shift;
my $self = bless({}, $class);
%$self = #_;
return $self;
}
sub AUTOLOAD {
my $self = shift;
( my $method = our $AUTOLOAD ) =~ s/^.*:://s;
return $self->{$method}->($self, #_);
}
1;
use PrototypeObject qw( );
my $object = PrototypeObject->new(
code1 => sub {
print $_[1];
},
code2 => sub {
return 'Hello, World!';
},
code3 => sub {
my $self = shift;
$self->code1( $self->code2() );
}
);
$object->code3();
Note that this will slow down your method calls as it must call AUTOLOAD before calling your method. This could be addressed by overloading the method call operator.
Check on CPAN. Someone might already have a more complete implementation.
This is not the exact syntax you want, but Perl 5 supports many ways of making method calls, including method calls via strings. So you could say:
#!/usr/bin/perl
{ package Foo;
use strict;
use warnings;
sub new { bless {}, shift }
sub code1 { my $self = shift; print "$_[0]\n" };
sub code2 { "Hello, World!" }
sub code3 {
my $self = shift;
my $method1 = "code1";
my $method2 = "code2";
$self->$method1($self->$method2);
}
}
use strict;
use warnings;
my $o = Foo->new;
print "normal call\n";
$o->code3;
print "via string\n";
my $method = "code3";
$o->$method;
Also, remember that a package's symbol table is a hash: %Foo::, so you can always go spelunking in there yourself:
#!/usr/bin/perl
{ package Foo;
use strict;
use warnings;
sub new { bless {}, shift }
sub code1 { my $self = shift; print "$_[0]\n" };
sub code2 { "Hello, World!" }
sub code3 {
my $self = shift;
my $method1 = "code1";
my $method2 = "code2";
$self->$method1($self->$method2);
}
}
use strict;
use warnings;
print $Foo::{code2}->(), "\n";
However, I would suggest having a really code reason for these techniques as it can make maintenance a nightmare (eg imaging trying to find all of the code calling Foo::approved, you can't just grep for "->approved" because the actual call is ->$state()).
I just read the comments and noticed you said
my concern with packages is that I can't seem to create packages at runtime, but I can create hash tables at runtime
Perl 5 does allow you to create packages at runtime. In fact, depending on how you define runtime, you can do anything at runtime with string eval as it reenters compile time when it is called. But there is also a pure-runtime method of manipulating the symbol tables with typeglobs:
#!/usr/bin/perl
{ package Foo;
use strict;
use warnings;
sub new { bless {}, shift }
}
use strict;
use warnings;
my $o = Foo->new;
# here we add functions at runtime to the package Foo
{
no warnings "once";
*Foo::code1 = sub { my $self = shift; print "$_[0]\n" };
*Foo::code2 = sub { "Hello, World!" };
*Foo::code3 = sub {
my $self = shift;
my $method1 = "code1";
my $method2 = "code2";
$self->$method1($self->$method2);
};
}
$o->code3;
Because Perl 5 is object oriented (and not object based like JavaScript) these methods are attached to all Foo objects. If you want individual objects have their own symbol tables, then I am there are certainly ways to do that. Off the top of my head, AUTOLOAD comes to mind:
#!/usr/bin/perl
{ package Foo;
use strict;
use Carp;
use warnings;
sub new {
bless {
symtab => {}
}, shift
}
sub AUTOLOAD {
my $self = shift;
our $AUTOLOAD;
my $method = $AUTOLOAD =~ s/.*:://r;
my (undef, $file, $line) = caller();
die "$method does not exist at $file line $line"
unless exists $self->{symtab}{$method};
$self->{symtab}{$method}->($self, #_);
}
sub DESTROY {} # prevent DESTROY method from being hijacked by AUTOLOAD
}
use v5.22;
use warnings;
my $o1 = Foo->new;
my $o2 = Foo->new;
$o1->{symtab}{inc} = sub { my $self = shift; $self->{i}++; };
$o1->inc;
$o1->inc;
$o1->inc;
say "inc called on o1 $o1->{i} times";
$o2->inc; #dies because we haven't defined inc for $o2 yet
Perl 5 is very flexible and will let you do just about anything you want (after all the motto is TIMTOWTDI), but you should always keep in mind the future programmer tasked with maintaining your code who may want to hunt you down and wear your skin for doing some of these tricks.
This question has a definite XY problem feel. It seems like you are trying to solve a problem in Perl 5 the same way you would have solved it in JavaScript. While Perl 5 will let you do that (as I have demonstrated), there may be a more idiomatic way of achieving the same effect. Can you describe what you are trying to do (not how you want to do it) in a different question and we can suggest the ways in which we would solve your problem.
I am writing a quick script to munge a submitted file, and return that content to the user.
My test code looks like this:
#!/path/to/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use utf8;
use Apache2::RequestRec;
use Apache2::RequestIO;
my ( $xmlin, $accepts ) = (q{}, q{});
my $format = 'json';
# read the posted content
while (
Apache2::RequestIO::read($xmlin, 1024)
) {};
{
no warnings;
$accepts = $Apache2::RequestRec::headers_in{'Accepts'};
}
if ($accepts) {
for ($accepts) {
/application\/xml/i && do {
$format = 'xml';
last;
};
/text\/plain/i && do {
$format = 'text';
last;
};
} ## end for ($accepts)
} ## end if ($accepts)
print "format: $format; xml: $xmlin\n";
This code fails to compile with Undefined subroutine &Apache2::RequestIO::read
If I comment out the while loop, the code runs fine.
Unfortunately the Apache2::RequestIO code is pulled in via Apache2::XSLoader::load __PACKAGE__; so I can't check the actual code.... but I don't understand why this doesn't work
(and yes, I've also tried $r->read(...), to no avail)
I think I have a good idea of why your code is not working.
The module Apache2::RequestIO added new functionality to Apache2::RequestRec.
In other words to add new methods/functions to the Apache2::RequestRec namespace.
I would first change Apache2::RequestIO::read to Apache2::RequestRec::read.
If that does not work move use a handler.
I have code that works which does a similar the thing
In your httpd.conf
PerlSwitches -I/path/to/module_dir
PerlLoadModule ModuleName
PerlResponseHandler ModuleName
ModuleName.pm
package ModuleName;
use strict;
use warnings;
use Apache2::RequestIO();
use Apache2::RequestRec();
use Apache2::Const -compile => qw(OK);
sub handler {
my ($r) = #_;
{
use bytes;
my $content = '';
my $offset = 0;
my $cnt = 0;
do {
$cnt = $r->read($content,8192,$offset);
$offset += $cnt;
} while($cnt == 8192);
}
return Apache2::Const::HTTP_OK;
}
I also use Apache2::RequestIO to read the body:
sub body {
my $self = shift;
return $self->{ body } if defined $self->{ body };
$self->apr->read( $self->{ body }, $self->headers_in->get( 'Content-Length' ) );
$self->{ body };
}
In this case you should subclass original Apache2::Request. Especially pay attention to our #ISA = qw(Apache2::Request);
I do not know why, but standard body method return me:
$self->body # {}
$self->body_status # Missing parser
when Content-Type is application/json. So I work around that in such way. Then parse body myself:
sub content {
my $self = shift;
return $self->{ content } if defined $self->{ content };
my $content_type = $self->headers_in->get('Content-Type');
$content_type =~ s/^(.*?);.*$/$1/;
return unless exists $self->{ $content_type };
return $self->{ content } = $self->{ $content_type }( $self->body, $self );
}
where:
use JSON;
sub new {
my ($proto, $r) = #_;
my $self = $proto->SUPER::new($r);
$self->{ 'application/json' } = sub {
decode_json shift;
};
return $self;
}
How can I pass a reference to a module's function as parameter in a function call of another module?
I tried the following (simple example):
This is the module that has a function (process_staff) that takes as a parameter a function reference (is_ok).
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
package Objs::Processing;
sub new {
my ($class) = #_;
bless {} ;
}
sub process_staff {
my ($employee, $func) = #_;
if($func->is_ok($employee)) {
print "Is ok to process\n";
}
else {
print "Not ok to process\n";
}
}
1;
This is the module that implements the passed function (is_ok)
#!usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
package Objs::Employee;
my $started;
sub new {
my ($class) = #_;
my $cur_time = localtime;
my $self = {
started => $cur_time,
};
print "Time: $cur_time \n";
bless $self;
}
sub get_started {
my ($class) = #_;
return $class->{started};
}
sub set_started {
my ($class, $value) = #_;
$class->{started} = $value;
}
sub is_ok {
my ($emp) = #_;
print "In is ok I received:\n";
use Data::Dumper;
print Dumper($emp);
return 1;
}
This is my test script that I run:
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use Objs::Manager;
use Objs::Processing;
my $emp = Objs::Manager->new('John Smith');
use Data::Dumper;
print Dumper($emp);
my $processor = Objs::Processing->new();
$processor->process_staff(\&$emp->is_ok); #error is here
I get a:
Not a CODE reference at testScript.pl line 14.
I also tried: $processor->process_staff(\&$emp->is_ok()); but also still does not work.
What am I doing wrong here
You appear to want to pass an object and a method to call on it; the easiest way to do that would be:
$processor->process_staff( sub { $emp->is_ok } );
where process_staff looks like:
sub process_staff {
my ($self, $func) = #_;
if ( $func->() ) {
...
or you can pass the reference and the object separately:
sub process_staff {
my ($self, $emp, $method) = #_;
if ( $emp->$method() ) {
...
$processor->process_staff( $emp, $emp->can('is_ok') );
I think this could work with:
$processor->process_staff(\&Objs::Employee::is_ok);
where you pass in the method ref.
and where you currently have
if( $func->is_ok($employee) ) {
you need
if( $func->( $employee ) ) {
This is because you cannot reference named methods simply from an object, by the syntax \&$obj->method.
However, in your example code it is not at all clear why you don't do this instead:
if( $employee->is_ok() ) {
in which case you would not need to reference the method to call in process_staff at all. There are also other ways to achieve the same method indirection that might give you better encapsulation in future.
In this expression:
$processor->process_staff(\&$emp->is_ok);
You are saying "call the method $emp->is_ok, take the return value, treat it as a CODE reference, dereference it, and return a reference to that. That doesn't work, since the return value from that sub is not a CODE reference.
To do what you want, you can use a reference to an anonymous sub to wrap the call to your object method:
$processor->process_staff( sub { $emp->is_ok } );
You can pass anonymous coderef which returns result from desired method,
$processor->process_staff(sub{ $emp->is_ok(#_) });
#_ can be dropped as is_ok method doesn't take any arguments.
It's not specifically what you asked for, but I think you simply need the following:
sub process_staff {
my ($self, $emp) = #_;
if ($emp->is_ok()) {
print "Is ok to process\n";
}
else {
print "Not ok to process\n";
}
}
$processor->process_staff($emp);
Why am I not able to call testmethod of parent using child object in the following code?
use strict;
use Data::Dumper;
my $a = C::Main->new('Email');
$a->testmethod();
package C::Main;
sub new {
my $class = shift;
my $type = shift;
$class .= "::" . $type;
my $fmgr = bless {}, $class;
$fmgr->init(#_);
return $fmgr;
}
sub init {
my $fmgr = shift;
$fmgr;
}
sub testmethod {
print "SSS";
}
package C::Main::Email;
use Net::FTP;
#C::Main::Email::ISA = qw( C::Main );
sub init {
my $fmgr = shift;
my $ftp = $fmgr->{ftp} = Net::FTP->new( $_[0] );
$fmgr;
}
package C::Main::FTP;
use strict;
use Net::FTP;
#C::Main::Email::FTP = qw( C::Main );
sub init {
my $fmgr = shift;
$fmgr;
}
It is because assignment into #ISA is done at runtime, thus after you try to call the method.
You can make it work by surrounding by BEGIN, moving it to compile time:
BEGIN { our #ISA = qw( C::Main ) }
or you can do
use base qw( C::Main );
which is also done in compile time. Both variants do fix your problem.
If you're writing new OO code in Perl, use Moose!
Returning to 'use base' after having used Moose is like going back to the 1950s.
I have the following code in my class :
sub new {
my $class = shift;
my %args = #_;
my $self = {};
bless( $self, $class );
if ( exists $args{callback} ) {
$self->{callback} = $args{callback};
}
if ( exists $args{dir} ) {
$self->{dir} = $args{dir};
}
return $self;
}
sub test {
my $self = shift;
my $arg = shift;
&$self->{callback}($arg);
}
and a script containing the following code :
use strict;
use warnings;
use MyPackage;
my $callback = sub {
my $arg = shift;
print $arg;
};
my $obj = MyPackage->new(callback => $callback);
but I receive the following error:
Not a CODE reference ...
What am I missing? Printing ref($self->{callback}) shows CODE. It works if I use $self->{callback}->($arg), but I would like to use another way of invoking the code ref.
The ampersand is binding just to $self and not the whole thing. You can do curlies around the part that returns the reference:
&{$self->{callback}}($arg);
But the
$self->{callback}->($arg);
is generally considered cleaner, why don't you want to use it?