I need to compare AD users permissions (one user can "unset" an attribute and another cannot, both can change it).
How can I dump/compare user account "effective permissions" which I find when I go to user account > Security > Advanced > Effective Permissions (and select an user account) with powershell?
Using Quest Free PowerShell Commands for Active Directory is simple:
Get-QadPermission useraccountname -Inherited
or better way:
Get-QADUser -Name useraccountname -SecurityMask DACL | Get-QADPermission -Inherited -SchemaDefault
This return all effective permission Inherited or Explicit assigned for the user 'useraccountname'
The comparison can be made with compare-object.
A very simple example:
compare-object (Get-QADPermission userA -Inherited | select Rights) (Get-QADPermission userB -Inherited | select rights)
We were in a similar situation once and needed to know who all could delete one of our main OUs, so we figured that maybe we should dump the ACL on the OU and look for everyone who had delete permissions on the object. Of course dsacls was very helpful in this regard and we could dump the ACL on it easily.
But then, as we started looking at the ACL, we found that it had almost 60 permission entries, including about half a dozen deny entries, some of which were direct and others inherited. We initially didn't consider the denies and came up with a list of about 200 users who could delete the OU, but that did not seem right (; it seemed too high.) Then, we realized that we had to intersect the denies with the allows!
So we flattened all deny permissions, and all allow permissions, but then we had to figure out which of these denies would apply, since some of them were inherited, and I believe the inherited ones don't negate any direct allows, so that took some more pain-staking work, and while doing it we realized that some of those inherited permissions did not apply to the object, so we had to start from scratch!
Finally, we almost gave up, and when I asked one of our Enterprise Admins, he said what we needed to do was determine Effective Permissions on our OU, and he pointed us to the Effective Permissions Tab in the Active Directory Users and Computers snap-in.
So we launched ADUC and navigated to the Effective Permissions Tab, and figured it would be a matter of clicking OK somewhere. However, we soon realized that it needed us to enter each person's name individually. Now, we have almost 2000 people in our environment, so there was no way we could put in 2000 people's names one by one. The other thing was that even for a single person, it would show us all the effective permissions for that person, and in technical terms, which we would have to further refine.
We then figured we'd give Powershell a shot, and looked at many options to do this using Powerhsell, but there was no easy to determine effective permissions in AD using Powershell, which was disappointing. In particular, we tried Quest's free PowerShell commands Get-QadPermission useraccountname and Get-QADUser -Name useraccountname, but we were disappointed to see that this only retrieved the list of all permissions specified for a given user. It did not reveal the Effective Permissions granted to a user. We found ourselves having to start with the results it brought back to then manually try and determine effective permissions, which was not worth our time.
So, we had almost given up hope, but before quitting we thought we would just Google "Active Directory Effective Permissions Tool" with the hope that there must be something out there that could do this for us. I am glad we did because we found a tool that could do exactly what we needed: figure out effective permissions on our OU and give us the ability to export these effective permissions -
http://www.paramountdefenses.com/goldfinger_capabilities_true_effective_permissions_for_active_directory.html
We found that this tool (called Gold Finger for AD) has the ability to determine Effective Permissions on Active Directory objects, and provide the output such that we could easily see the list of all users who had "effective permissions" for a specific right on an object. For instance, we were able to use it to determine and enumerate the list of all admins who had "effective delete access" rights on the OU we were interested in.
It has turned out to be quite helpful for us, and maybe it could be of help to you too. I just thought I would share this because I've been the dsacls route and I wouldn't want you to go through the same pain we did in trying to manually do this. Its just too painful to do do manually.
Related
I am very new to AD and to powershell and I can't quite figure this out.
Lets suppose I have this folder "\\server\Departament\ExampleFolder" and I don't have any permissions to read, I can't even see who the owner is. Get-Acl returns me an error UnauthorizedAccessException because well, I don't have any permission to do so.
I need to create a script that finds the owner of this folder and sends a email asking for access permissions.
My question is this: There is anyway I can find the folder owner using AD without having any permission to the folder?
The owner it's in the same ad domain as me (at least it should be)
The answer is no.
If you look at the NTFS File Permissions table, you will need at least the Special Permission: Read Permissions privilege in order to read the permissions including folder ownership. If you don't have the general Read permissions or Special Permission: Read Permissions privilege, then you can't see folder ownership at all.
There is no way around it or tricks... because security is... well... security and that's how it works.
you must first take ownership to see who has access, although overwriting means you will never who used to have ownership. if you are the network admin administering access to these files then you can click on change, navigate to the location of that server admin, and apply, then push down to all child objects (NOTE do not push the NTFS permissions JUST the owner)
i do believe that MS should allow you to view owner of a folder even without read, but not the full permissions list or of course, no files. but allowing you to view owner means you could then ask that owner for access without any security breaches to the files themselves
I am trying to unlock several accounts in Active Directory through PowerShell, but I can't figure it out how to link every condition into the query
The conditions are:
-The account should be enabled
-It shouldn't be "memberof" some groups (whose I'm not able to unlock, like Administrators)
I don't have full control over accounts, I'm not able to unlock some of them, due to my privileges, so I'll be very helpful if can you help me to know or simple discard the accounts that I'm not able to unlock
I've just tried this
Search-ADAccount -LockedOut | Unlock-ADAccount
(Very poor attempt, i know, I'm very new on this technology)
But gives me an error because of my account's privileges
It says: access rights are insufficient to perform the action.
The error is the same for different CN accounts
But gives me errors because of my account's privileges
That 's' in "errors" is key. If you're getting more than one error, that means that errors don't stop it from continuing on to the next account. That is, actually, how PowerShell works by default.
So what you are doing is already working the way you want it to: it is unlocking all the accounts that you have access to.
Of course, this is just a band-aid on the real problem. It won't eliminate calls for the problem accounts, and it undermines the added security you get by locking accounts in the first place.
I'm able to unlock some accounts, but when I run the command
Unlock-ADAccount, I think it try to unlock accounts like
administrator, some disabled acc, for which I don't have permission to
modify, but if I run that command on an individual "regular" account,
it gets unlocked
This due to the blocking of inheritance of permissions applied to domain Admins accounts & due to Security Descriptor propagator (SDPROP)....
It's not recommended, as it's a critical mechanism in my opinion, but you might :
create a specific delegation for a group
and append this group to the Access Control Entry (ACE) of this kind of template folder for admin permissions: 'CN=AdminSDHolder,CN=System,DC=example,DC=com' (with the help of LDP.exe)
I've been working on a project that allows users in our domain to edit 3 Active Directory Attributes on their own Object, this has been written in Python and the only issue I have now is user permissions on these attributes.
Two of these are custom, the third is the Location(physicalOfficeDeliveryAddress).
I have looked everywhere and only found documentation on how to give permission for users in a group for these attributes but for ALL users or limited by group.
I'm looking to apply the permission under the Identity Reference: NT AUTHORITY\SELF so that users may only edit their own attributes.
In less words, I'm looking to write a script that will delegate permissions for three specific attributes to ALL users in the domain but only for themselves(NT AUTH\SELF).
I have a loop that will perform it for each user, I just have hit a brick wall in what to include in the loop..
Any help would be appreciated.
NT AUTHORITY\SELF is one of Windows' well-known SIDs, with a SID of S-1-5-10.
So you do it the same way you would for any other account, but grant the permissions to S-1-5-10 instead.
If you show us the code you're working with, we might be able to help you with where to plug in that value, if you need.
I'm trying to answer what I hope is a simple question. I have a device enrolled in AzureAD and autopiloted. Using the IntuneManagementExtenstion I'd like to acquire the FULL user name of the user currently logged in to use elsewhere in scripts. I cannot see a way of doing it.
All the example I can find return either the short name, or the AzureAD domain and the user name for example:
Tenant is mytestdomain.onmicrosoft.com
User is mytestuser#mytestdomain.com
most methods if you just google or search stackoverflow will return either:
AzureAD\mytestuser
or
mytestuser
I need one that returns the full mytestuser#mytestdomain.com. This is because the tenant has several vanity names so I need to determine which one is logged in (for example mytestuser#mytestdomain.com is a different user account to mytestuser#mytestdomain2.com or mytestuser#mytestdomain3.com). Therefore, I can't just append my tenant name on the end of the output other methods.
Any thoughts appreciated. Methods that require installation of msol/azuread modules don't seem to work as they require user login, which defeats the point, and as it's being run by the intune management extension, the user can't interact anyway.
Thanks
I'm a little busy to test this right now, but it should do the trick.
You can have Intune run a Powershell script. This command will return the full user account name in the format you've described.
whoami.exe /UPN
Since you've stated you want the user who is logged in already. When you are configuring the settings in Intune, make sure to select the option to "Run this script using the logged on credentials".
This line will return UPN from domain join info in registry.
Must be run with admin priveleges
[string]$($1='Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\CloudDomainJoin\JoinInfo\';if(Test-Path -Path $1){(Get-ItemProperty -Path ('{0}\{1}' -f ($1,(Get-ChildItem -Path $1).Name.Split('\')[-1])) -Name 'UserEmail' | Select-Object -ExpandProperty 'UserEmail')}else{''})
I currently have a user whose Access Rights are messed up and I'd like to reset them. I could be blind but does anyone know of a way to do this?
I am not aware of a way to reset the user rights.
The only way I can think of is deleting the user and create a new one, or write a script that loops to the tree or retrieves al items that the current user has rights on and resets the rights for this user.
Security of an item is stored within the __security field on the item itself. Furthermore, security is stored by the name of the user or role, not by an ID. Deleting a user/role will not modify any item that references that user/role so you effectively get orphaned access rights.
I had created a script years ago that will report on (and reset) the security of items. It is available from my blog post and I referenced it within this similar question. You should be able to modify that script to remove a single user's rights.
So far, the only way I've been able to do this is to go into the Security Editor, select the user, then open every item in the tree and unset every access right manually to the default setting of Inherited.
For instance, there are at least a Read/Write/Rename/Create/Delete/Administer/Inheritance permission on just the Home item alone. Each permission has one of the following states: Inherited/Allowed/Denied/Item vs. Descendant Right/Protected/Not Applicable. If any of those are set, manually unset it. So, if it were set to Allowed, you'd click the green check mark which would unset it from Allowed (I guess you could argue I'm setting it to Inherited).
To get back to square one, everything should be set back to Inherited.