In Cocos2d I would implement - (void)applicationDidEnterBackground:(UIApplication *)application inside of the AppDelegate, but in Kobold2d (I haven't worked with it much) that is all handled by config.lua, which is great, but how do I handle these exit/enter/background state changes of the application?
Do I have to to override something, or is there some specific place? I'm not sure what the best practice is here and either I am having a lot of trouble finding a resource online.
Thanks!
You can simply add these methods to your project's AppDelegate class. AppDelegate derives from KKAppDelegate which implements the UIApplicationDelegate.
Make sure to call [super method] for every method since KKAppDelegate implements basic behavior and relies on receiving some of the UIApplicationDelegate methods.
Related
easy question to ask, but not really sure what to search for to find an answer for this one.
do I have to declare the method
- (void) applicationWillResignActive:(NSNotification *) notification;
in my header file? I'm trying to build my first app and im just going through trying to clean up my code.
Thanks!
No you don't have to. These are methods that will allow you to perform certain actions in some conditions, in the case of this one is when your application is about to go to the background. If you don't implement it nothing will happen. It is the same as with "viewWillAppear" and so on.
Also those methods only have to be implemented in the .m file since they come from the parent class. Since you are probably placing it in an object that comes from an UIViewController subclass.
The method applicationWillResignActive: is an optional method in the UIApplicationDelegate protocol. Your app delegate should already have declared that it conforms to that protocol in its header. So since it is already declared you don't have to declare it again.
To be honest I don't know how to call it, so I'll try to describe it.
UIApplicationDelegate protocol has "application:handleOpenURL:" method. And if I implement this method in my ApplicationDelegate class, it will be called when somebody opens my urls.
details:
http://developer.apple.com/iphone/library/documentation/uikit/reference/UIApplicationDelegate_Protocol/Reference/Reference.html#//apple_ref/occ/intfm/UIApplicationDelegate/application:handleOpenURL:
However, I'd like my other class (uiviewcontroller) to receive this call. To make a different example - you can create a few classes and each of them can get GPS position. Is it possible to do the same with UIApplicationDelegate protocol?
I searched a lot for this topic here, but I couldn't find any answer on how to do it. I know how to get my application delegate ([[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate]), but it's not the case in this situation.
You can always tell somebody who came to objective-c from some other object oriented language, because their first instinct is to subclass, subclass, subclass. There's not a lot of subclassing in obj-c. You CAN, obviously, but it's not how things are conventionally done, especially with things that are as one-shot-ish as UIApplicationDelegate. The more Cocoaish Way is to use categories, or sometimes to create a new NSObject subclass that contains the would-be parent class as a property.
In this case, for sure subclassing is a bad idea. the UIApplication singleton can only have one delegate property. So if you create a new UIApplicationDelegate, you've got no place to hook to it.
Instead, smarten up your one delegate's application:handleOpenURL: method to catch the URL call and load up whichever UIViewController subclass (I know, I know: exceptions) is going to handle it.
The simplest solution would be to use an NSNotification. This will allow you to handle the handleOpenURL call wherever you need to without creating any unnecessary coupling between your application delegate and the class you want to handle it.
In your app delegate, handle the delegate method and forward the data on using NSNotificationCenter.
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application handleOpenURL:(NSURL *)URL
{
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:#"MyApplicationHandleOpenURLNotification" object:self userInfo:[NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:URL forKey:#"URL"]];
}
Now, wherever you need to handle this, simply register as an observer for the notification and pull the URL out of the notification user info dictionary.
Judging by your comments to Dan Ray's answer, it sounds like you are looking for something like Three20's URL-based navigation
When creating a UIViewController derived class in objective-C, what goes into the init method, what should go into loadView and what into viewDidLoad - and more importantly why, and what benefit (performance?) does this have?
Also, how does this relate to UIView derived classes where the only option you have is the init method?
I know the template code already has comments for what goes into each method, but it unclear to me why each thing goes where they say.
Clarification
I would like to know maybe at a lower level, what is the actual difference between things being done in the 'init', 'loadView' and 'viewDidLoad'. What does the framework do in between these calls that may affect the way/time I set up my views and do other work? How are these methods affected by threading?
You want to know some lower-level stuff.
init: This method gets called on ANY NSObject subclass. It is what sets up the object, which you probably already know. In many model (as in the MVC pattern) classes, init is directly used. As for the UIKit classes, very few requires init to be called directly. It should not be used. In the UIViewController, you initialize it using initWithNibNamed:. You can override this method, but in most cases this is not needed. This method is the VERY first method to EVER get called on the class (before any view setup, or such).
loadView:and viewDidLoad: read this article iPhone SDK: what is the difference between loadView and viewDidLoad? .
The only really important thing to know is that -init is the NSObject standard initialization method. -loadView and -viewDidLoad are UIViewController's methods for initialization.
I'm working through an iPhone tutorial (link text and it has me put in some code (a few times throughout the various tutorials) but it doesn't explain it at all.
In this code:
todoAppDelegate *appDelegate = (todoAppDelegate *)[[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate];
What exactly is an appDelegate? What does the "delegate" at the end of the instantiation mean? Actually, what does the whole thing mean? (UIIapplication sharedApplication)?
I am a .Net programmer if that helps someone explain it better. I hate learning through tutorials because I always need to know what EVERYTHING does and no one explains everything.
Let's back up a little bit.
The square brackets ([ ]) are Objective-C's method calling syntax. So if Cocoa had a C# syntax, the equivalent syntax would be:
TodoAppDelegate appDelegate = UIApplication.sharedApplication.delegate;
In C#, you would use a static class for a class that only has a single instance. In Cocoa, the Singleton pattern is used to accomplish this. A class method (in this case, sharedApplication) is used to retrieve the single instance of that class.
Delegates in Cocoa are not like the delegate keyword in C#, so don't be confused by that. In C#, you use the delegate keyword to reference a method. The delegate pattern in Cocoa is provided as an alternative to subclassing.
Many objects allow you to specify another object as a delegate. Delegates implement methods that those objects will call to notify them of certain events. In this case, UIApplication is the class that represents the current running application (similar to System.Windows.Forms.Application, for example). It sends messages to its delegate when things that affect the application happen (e.g. when the application launches, quits, gains or loses focus, and so on.)
Another Objective-C concept is the protocol. It is similar in principle to a .NET interface, except that methods can be marked as #optional, meaning they classes are not required to implement the methods marked that way. Delegates in the iPhone SDK are simply objects that conform to a specific protocol. In the case of UIApplication, the protocol delegates must conform to is UIApplicationDelegate.
Because it's not required to implement every method, this gives the delegate flexibility to decide which methods are worth implementing. If you wanted to, for example, perform some actions when the application finishes launching, you can implement a class that conforms to the UIApplicationDelegate protocol, set it as the UIApplication instance's delegate, and then implement applicationDidFinishLaunching:.
UIApplication will determine if its delegate implements this method when the application finishes launching and, if it does, call that method. This gives you a chance to respond to this event without having to subclass UIApplication.
In iPhone applications, developers also frequently use the app delegate as a kind of top-level object. Since you don't usually subclass UIApplication, most developers keep their global application data in the app delegate.
A delegate is just an object that implements certain methods (basically callbacks). The NSApplication docs explain what its delegate is supposed to do and what messages it needs to respond to to.
And this isn't instantiation. The snippet you posted above doesn't create anything. It accesses whatever object is set as the application's delegate. [UIApplication sharedApplication] gets the object representing the application, and sending delegate to the application gets its delegate (if any).
to add more to the mix of responses and another point of view, delegates are objects that can (but don't necessarily need to) do work for another object.
So let's say you have objectA, and can assign to it a delegate (let's call it delegateObject).
From objectA's point of view, there are certain bits of work that may need to be done. Depending on the context, the actual work and the results of such work can be different.
So instead of having objectA implementing a method for all these instances, we'll say... let's have another object, delegateObject, do the work... and as long as the results are returned in the proper format, we don't care what delegateObject did to get there.
objectA will first check that delegateObject exists and that delegateObject has implemented a method to do the work asked of it.
To accomplish this, NSObject (which every Cocoa object inherits from) has this method:
- (BOOL)respondsToSelector:(SEL)aSelector
and objectA would do a simple test before sending a message to delegateObject, for example:
if ([delegate respondsToSelector: #selector(someMethod:sender:)])
{
[delegate someMethod:#"stuff" sender:self];
}
and because objectA only sends a message to its delegate if one's been assigned, delegate is not retained by objectA.
if we were to use UITableView as an example, it has a lot of UITableViewDelegate methods. One of them is:
- (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView didSelectRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath
every time the user touches a row in a table, the UITableView object will first check that there's a delegate, if there's a delegate, it'll then check that the delegate has implemented the above method. If it does, then it'll send the message to the delegate. This method expects no return value, and UITableView will go about its merry way, regardless of what the delegate does. And if there is no delegate that implements that method, then nothing happens.
While fixing third-party code I've discovered a really brilliant idea) Guy was using 2 appDelegate objects in project xibs. I assume he thought that this would be some kind of singletone or such. But after some rethinking of that piece of code, I found that there is no technical restrictions on it.
Here is my example: simple project with navController and 2 views. Each with it's viewController. When app launched, first view is on screen. When user taps button, second view is pushed to navController. For now there is appDelegate object in MainWindow.xib. Now, if you'll add just the same appDelegate object to second view's xib. Now right when second view is pushed, you can see that one more instance of appDelegate is created and destroyed (if you'll override init and dealloc methods and insert log there).
Here I'm very surprised. Does it mean that only one appDelegte instance can be created? If yes, then why? appDelegate is just a NSObject subclass implementing UIApplicationDelegate protocol.
The appDelegate object created by xCode on every iphone project is the entry and exit point of an application. It does not make sence to have more than one instance of this class, if you do (besides perhaps some application settings being lost) which class does the applicaiton delegate to? Why can you only make one? Most probably this is because the class is implementing a Singleton patterns under covers so ensure only one instance of the app delegate is made, i bet that even when you try to alloc another one of these, the original app delegate is the only one kept. You can probably dig around the docs and find more info on apples site at http://developer.apple.com/iphone
UIApplicationDelegate is a protocol and doesn't have state in itself, thus there's nothing that prevents you to have several of them. Contrast this with UIApplication that has state and
provides sharedApplication singleton accessor
It should be totally possible to replace UIApplication's delegate property on the fly. I don't see much of the benefit, though.
I think what's happening here is that there is an instance of the AppDelegate class in the second Nib, but no other objects are retaining it. Therefore it gets created and immediately released. If you added a retained property to the view controller that connected to the AppDelegate, then it wouldn't get released immediately.
You can have multiple objects that implement the UIApplicationDelegate protocol, but it's not usually done because 90% of the behavior would be identical in all cases.
I think you could do something along these lines:
Note the old UIApplication.delegate.
Create your instance of UIApplicationDelegate with the old delegate as parameter.
Make sure to call the old delegate in each method you implement.
Make it return the old delegate in the - (id)forwardingTargetForSelector:(SEL)aSelector method.
Replace the [UIApplication sharedApplication].delegate with yours.
It replaces the original app delegate with your, making sure that the old delegate will still be called, especially if you did not override each and every method the UIApplicationDelegate protocol defines.