This is first time i am writing a driver for linux SPI framework for ADS7846.
Found this excellent tutorial to understand the concept of linux SPI :---
http://www.jumpnowtek.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=57&Itemid=62
It also have a sample co-de.
https://github.com/scottellis/spike/blob/part3/spike.c
1> Few points which i was not able to get why we are using semaphore
befor accessing -- spike_dev.user_buff.
do we really need semaphore ? Because at a time my application program willonly read() or write() or open() the driver ?
2> Also to select the chip select we are using :--
/* specify a chip select line */
SPI_BUS_CS1
Here why we are not specifing which PORT will the CS - line be connected to ?
3> As what i have read spinlock should be used with interupt handler. Also what is the use of this spinlock in the driver.
Here we do not have spi Interupt handler.But while accessing -- spi_async & spi_device -- we are using spinlock ?
spin_lock_irqsave
spi_async
spin_unlock_irqrestore
4> Also can we have multiple "protocol drivers" registered to same SPI device ?
Any suggestion will be appreciated.
2> it is could be mentioned in .controllerdata the bus num and chipselect is to enumerate the SPI devices
3> it is used for taks which can sleep
Related
I'm trying to run Zephyr Logging by using DMA on UART on STM32L432KC.
That's simple main loop:
#include <zephyr/kernel.h>
#include <zephyr/logging/log.h>
LOG_MODULE_REGISTER(example, LOG_LEVEL_DBG);
int main(void)
{
while (1) {
LOG_INF("main loop");
k_msleep(1000);
}
}
That's full configuration:
CONFIG_SOC_SERIES_STM32L4X=y
CONFIG_SOC_STM32L432XX=y
# Enable MPU
CONFIG_ARM_MPU=y
# Enable HW stack protection
CONFIG_HW_STACK_PROTECTION=y
# enable uart driver
CONFIG_SERIAL=y
# enable GPIO
CONFIG_GPIO=y
# Enable Clocks
CONFIG_CLOCK_CONTROL=y
# console
CONFIG_CONSOLE=y
CONFIG_UART_CONSOLE=y
CONFIG_UART_ASYNC_API=y
# enable DMA
CONFIG_DMA=y
# enable pin controller
CONFIG_PINCTRL=y
# config logging
CONFIG_LOG=y
CONFIG_LOG_BACKEND_UART_ASYNC=y
CONFIG_LOG_MODE_IMMEDIATE=y
Then build it and flash:
west flash -b nucleo_l432kc
In logs I see following output:
*** Booting Zephyr OS build zephyr-v3.2.0-863-g78809549ee4c ***
[00:00:01.001,000] <inf> example: main loop
When I change CONFIG_LOG_MODE_IMMEDIATE=y to CONFIG_LOG_MODE_DEFERRED=y it prints log every second like I expect.
I discovered that code stops here on k_sem_take(&sem, K_FOREVER) and this uart_callback is never called to release this mutex.
Also discovered when following options are enabled it's working fine with CONFIG_LOG_MODE_DEFERRED=y option:
CONFIG_LOG_PROCESS_THREAD=y
CONFIG_LOG_PROCESS_THREAD_SLEEP_MS=100
But that makes me wondering why another thread must be created? DMA is no blocking. Really confusing.
What am I missing? I would like to delegate all logging to DMA buffer with Logging subsystem features, without additional threads and buffering. Is there someone experienced who can point what is wrong?
I am writing a C program with the aim of configuring a peripheral device (the CS5368 ADC) via the I2C interface of a Dante Brooklyn II, a board based on a Microblaze soft-core processor running uClinux 2.4.
I have implemented the configuration following the Dante OEM docs for guidance, however when running my program I am encountering an "Operation not permitted" (EPERM) error when attempting to write data to I2C using i2c_smbus_write_byte_data.
Here is the section of code containing the culprit call to i2c_smbus_write_byte_data:
// Set ADC I2S to "Slave mode all speeds".
printf("Set the CS5368 I2S mode to slave\n");
unsigned char adc_dif = 0x01; // I2S mode
unsigned char adc_mode = 0x03; // Slave mode all speeds
unsigned char data = 0x90 | (adc_dif << 2) | adc_mode;
result = i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(i2c_fd, CS5368_GCTL_MDE, data);
if (result < 0) {
perror("Failed to write to the 'Global Mode Control' register");
return -1;
}
Here is the code within context of the full source of the small program. The program begins by resetting the CS5368 via a GPIO pin before doing the configuration via I2C.
EPERM is returned whether or not I have the CS5368 wired up. I've been able to successfully configure the CS5368 using the I2C interface of an Arduino Uno, so the issue does not appear to be related to the CS5368.
To run the program I login to the board via telnet as root, so I doubt the error has anything to do with user permissions.
The OEM docs state:
The Brooklyn II module can operate as an I2C controller running at
100Khz and using 7 bit addressing mode. It supports multi-master
operation. I2C devices can be accessed from user application running
on the Brooklyn II module. The interface supports the SMBus (System
Management Bus) protocol, which is a subset from the I2C protocol.
It goes on to list the supported i2c_smbus_* functions including i2c_smbus_write_byte_data, so the issue does not appear to be related to lack of support for SMBus or I2C.
I came across a related issue where a user was getting an EPERM error code when attempting to use the I2C write API, however the solution appears to have been to use the i2c_smbus_* API instead which I am already doing.
Any advice on what could be causing this error code to be returned or how to debug the issue further would be greatly appreciated!
Edit: In case it helps, here is the full output, starting from logging onto the board via telnet after having moved the exe to /tmp via ftp:
$ telnet 169.254.72.245
Trying 169.254.72.245...
Connected to 169.254.72.245.
Escape character is '^]'.
login: root
Password:
BusyBox v1.23.2 (2018-05-31 11:33:18 AEST) hush - the humble shell
/ # cd /tmp
/var/tmp # ./cs5368-i2c-config
Open GPIO device
Set GPIO tristate outputs
Set GPIO pins low
Sleep for 10 secs
Set GPIO pins high
Close GPIO file descriptor
Searching for I2C device
Opening /dev/i2c-0
Setting I2C_SLAVE 4c...
I2C Interface found: /dev/i2c-0
Set the CS5368 as the slave
Set the CS5368 I2S mode to slave
Failed to write to the 'Global Mode Control' register: Operation not permitted
tl;dr: flashed firmware to 0x00000000 instead of 0x08000000, am I lost?
Hello,
my device is based on a STM32F103CBTx which came with a proprietary firmware and had readout protection on.
I connect to it with a ST-Link v2 SWDIO and SWCLK connected to PA13 and PA14 and this command:
sudo openocd -f /usr/share/openocd/scripts/interface/stlink-v2.cfg -f /usr/share/openocd/scripts/target/stm32f1x.cfg
I don't remember how I removed flash protection, but it worked as the original firmware didn't work anymore. Then I created a simple hello world firmware which pulls up and down three gpios and flashed it. The gpios are pulled up and down in 700ms intervals.
After flashing, I can't connect with openocd anymore. I forgot to specify the offset, the manual says the offset defaults to 0 and as it worked, I suppose instead of the boot loader my shitty hello world is pulling up and down some random pins happily… Is this possible? All other threads I found say the boot loader is write protected.
This is the last contact I had:
> halt
halt
target halted due to debug-request, current mode: Handler HardFault
xPSR: 0x01000003 pc: 0xfffffffe msp: 0xffffffdc
> flash write_image erase fw.hex
flash write_image erase fw.hex
auto erase enabled
target halted due to breakpoint, current mode: Handler HardFault
xPSR: 0x61000003 pc: 0x2000003a msp: 0xffffffdc
wrote 4096 bytes from file fw.hex in 0.285697s (14.001 KiB/s)
> reset
reset
jtag status contains invalid mode value - communication failure
Polling target stm32f1x.cpu failed, trying to reexamine
Examination failed, GDB will be halted. Polling again in 100ms
Any directions highly appreciated.
Edit:
What I get now, also tried another st-link:
% sudo openocd -f /usr/share/openocd/scripts/interface/stlink-v2.cfg -f /usr/share/openocd/scripts/target/stm32f1x.cfg
Open On-Chip Debugger 0.10.0
Licensed under GNU GPL v2
For bug reports, read
http://openocd.org/doc/doxygen/bugs.html
Info : auto-selecting first available session transport "hla_swd". To override use 'transport select '.
Info : The selected transport took over low-level target control. The results might differ compared to plain JTAG/SWD
adapter speed: 1000 kHz
adapter_nsrst_delay: 100
none separate
Info : Unable to match requested speed 1000 kHz, using 950 kHz
Info : Unable to match requested speed 1000 kHz, using 950 kHz
Info : clock speed 950 kHz
Info : STLINK v2 JTAG v17 API v2 SWIM v4 VID 0x0483 PID 0x3748
Info : using stlink api v2
Info : Target voltage: 3.244356
Error: init mode failed (unable to connect to the target)
in procedure 'init'
in procedure 'ocd_bouncer'
flashed firmware to 0x00000000 instead of 0x08000000, am I lost?
No, it doesn't matter at all, they are the same.
After reset, the MCU loads the word at address 0 in SP, and the next one at address 4 in PC. The BOOT0 and BOOT1 pins control which memory gets mapped to 0x00000000. Usually, BOOT0 is tied low, and flash memory at 0x08000000 gets mirrored at 0x00000000.
instead of the boot loader my shitty hello world is pulling up and down some random pins happily… Is this possible? All other threads I found say the boot loader is write protected.
The factory bootloader is indeed write protected, openocd can't overwrite it.
However, your application could have reconfigured the SWD pins, by writing a wrong value in GPIOA->CRH or AFIO->MAPR, thereby preventing openocd from working. It's the most common cause of this problem.
Fortunately, there is a way to recover.
Connect under Reset
If the reset pin of the controller is held low for a while when openocd is started, the application is prevented from starting, and messing up the GPIO configuration.
Openocd can do this automatically, when
It's told to do so, the line reset_config srst_only srst_nogate is present somewhere in the configuration script.
The MCU reset pin is connected to the debugger hardware, pin 15 on an official ST-Link/V2.
Or you can do it manually, by whatever means your board provides. If you are lucky, it has a reset button, if not, you must find a way to somehow ground the MCU reset pin.
Pull the reset pin low
Start openocd
Wait until the Info : Target voltage line appears. Maybe a second longer.
Release the reset pin.
It requires a bit of trial and error, you'll get better with practice.
Then you can flash your improved application, which carefully avoids reconfiguring the SWD pins.
I bought a HotPi a while ago, and decided to use it. So I followed the procedure to configure the IR and after a few hours I was able to IR signals on my Raspberry 1.
But my purpose here is to send IR signals, which I tried, without any luck.
So this is the command I try to do (just for test):
irsend SEND_START devinput KEY_POWER ; sleep 3
And this is what lircd tells me:
lircd-0.9.4c[907]: Notice: accepted new client on /var/run/lirc/lircd
lircd-0.9.4c[907]: Info: Cannot configure the rc device for /dev/lirc0
lircd-0.9.4c[907]: Error: invalid send buffer
lircd-0.9.4c[907]: Error: this remote configuration cannot be used to transmit
lircd-0.9.4c[907]: Error: error processing command: SEND_START devinput KEY_POWER
lircd-0.9.4c[907]: Error: transmission failed
lircd-0.9.4c[907]: Info: removed client
Edit:
It seems I'm not using the good drivers. According to the HotPi documentation, I'm suppose to use lirc-rpi, which I'm suppos to install with
sudo modprobe lirc-rpi
Which, at least, doesn't return an error. But trying to configure the interface tells me that the driver doesn't exist:
pi#raspberrypi:~ $ mode2 --driver lirc-rpi --device /dev/lirc0
Driver `lirc-rpi' not found. (Missing -U/--plugins option?)
Available drivers:
accent
alsa_usb
asusdh
atilibusb
atwf83
audio
audio_alsa
awlibusb
bte
bw6130
commandir
creative
creative_infracd
default
devinput
dfclibusb
dsp
dvico
ea65
file
ftdi
ftdi-exp
ftdix
girs
i2cuser
irlink
irtoy
livedrive_midi
livedrive_seq
logitech
macmini
mouseremote
mouseremote_ps2
mp3anywhere
mplay
mplay2
pcmak
pinsys
pixelview
samsung
sb0540
silitek
slinke
sonyir
srm7500libusb
tira
tira_raw
udp
uirt2
uirt2_raw
usb_uirt_raw
usbx
zotac
Here is no info what lirc version you are using. There are vast differences between the legacy 0.9.0 still used in some distros and modern lirc.
That said, the logs seems pretty clear. You are using the devinput driver, right? This driver does not support sending data, reflecting the fact that also the kernel doesn't.
You then need to use another driver - first stop might be the default one. If/when using this other driver, you need another lircd.conf.
Please refer to http://lirc.org/html/configuration-guide.html
EDIT: Ah, lirc-0.9.4c says the log. Sorry, my bad. The reply should still be valid, though.
When you record the remote, use:
irrecord -d /dev/lirc0 -f name.conf
The -f uses raw mode. This then worked for me on the transmit side, before I got same error as you.
I'm a new user on RTnet and try to make Rtnet work on Freescale Sabre Lite iMX6Q board. But I got an issue, RTnet can't use rt_fec.ko module driver to register rt_eth0 even though non real time driver is disable.
I'm using:
Linux kernel 3.0.43 download from Xenomai git://git.xenomai.org/ipipe-gch.git/?h=ipipe-3.0-imx6q
Xenomai 2.6 download from git.xenomai.org/xenomai-2.6.git/
RTnet 0.9.13 download from rtnet.org/download.html
Please see my kernel configuration and boot log in attached link.
Xenomai is loaded:
"*I-pipe: Domain Xenomai registered.
Xenomai: hal/arm started.
Xenomai: scheduling class idle registered.
Xenomai: scheduling class rt registered.
Xenomai: real-time nucleus v2.6.3 (Lies and Truths) loaded.
Xenomai: debug mode enabled.
Xenomai: starting native API services.
Xenomai: starting POSIX services.
Xenomai: starting RTDM services.* "
And FEC ethernet driver (non real-time driver) is loaded when kernel is booting
*"FEC Ethernet Driver
fec_enet_mii_bus: probed "*
Xenomai is built following install guideline for ARM platform from Xenomai:
http://xenomai.org/installing-xenomai-2-x/
RTnet is built by below command, because SABRE Lite use FEC ethernet card with Micrel KSZ9021 Gigabit chip so I put "--enable-fec" in configure command to build real-time driver for FEC ethernet card:
"./configure --host=armv7l-timesys-linux-gnueabi --with-rtext-config=/home/sonnguyen/rtnet-xenomai-rootfs/usr/xenomai/bin/xeno-config --with-linux=/home/sonnguyen/build/rtnet-xenomai-ipipe-imx6q --enable-rtcfg-dbg --enable-rtwlan --enable-net-routing --enable-router --enable-nomac --enable-rtcap --enable-proxy --enable-checks --enable-fec "
Then
"make DESTDIR=/home/sonnguyen/rtnet-xenomai-rootfs install"
I also changed RT_DRIVER from default value to "rt_fec" in rtnet.conf.
After kernel is booted, I ran "./rtnet start" and got this:
"RTnet: initialising real-time networking
RT FEC Ethernet Driver
./rtnet: line 385: can't create /sys/bus/pci/drivers/rt_fec/bind: nonexistent directory
initializing loopback...
RTnet: registered rtlo
RTcap: real-time capturing interface
ifconfig: SIOCGIFFLAGS: No such device
ifconfig: SIOCGIFFLAGS: No such device
RTcfg: init real-time configuration distribution protocol
RTmac: init realtime media access control
RTmac/TDMA: init time division multiple access control mechanism
ioctl: No such device
ioctl: No such device
ioctl: No such device
ioctl: No such device
ioctl (add): No such device
ioctl (add): No such device
ioctl (add): No such device
ifconfig: SIOCGIFFLAGS: No such device
Waiting for all slaves...ioctl: No such device
ioctl: No such device "
Then I tried:
"# lspci
lspci: /sys/bus/pci/devices: No such file or directory
ls /sys/bus/
ac97 hid mdio_bus platform sdio spi
event_source i2c mmc scsi serio usb "
No pci directory under /sys/bus/. Then I thought because the script can't find the ethernet physical bus, it can't register rteth0.
Then I looked into rtnet script and did some minor change. In the script it requires physical ethernet device ID (mentioned in REBIND_RT_NICS), so I tried to find out what it is and got this when make eth0 up with non real-time driver:
"eth0: Freescale FEC PHY driver [Micrel KSZ9021 Gigabit PHY] (mii_bus:phy_addr=1:06, irq=-1)
PHY: 1:06 - Link is Up - 1000/Full "
I think 1:06 is my physical bus ID, then I change the code in rtnet from:
for dev in $REBIND_RT_NICS; do
if [ -d /sys/bus/pci/devices/$dev/driver ]; then
echo $dev > /sys/bus/pci/devices/$dev/driver/unbind
fi
echo $dev > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/$RT_DRIVER/bind
done
To
echo 1:06 > /sys/bus/mdio_bus/drivers/Micrel\ KSZ9021\ Gigabit\ PHY/unbind
echo 1:06 > /sys/bus/platform/drivers/rt_fec/bind
And I tried again with "./rtnet start", this time I got this:
RTnet: initialising real-time networking
RT FEC Ethernet Driver
sh: write error: No such device
initializing loopback...
RTnet: registered rtlo
RTcap: real-time capturing interface
ifconfig: SIOCGIFFLAGS: No such device
ifconfig: SIOCGIFFLAGS: No such device
RTcfg: init real-time configuration distribution protocol
RTmac: init realtime media access control
RTmac/TDMA: init time division multiple access control mechanism
ioctl: No such device
ioctl: No such device
ioctl: No such device
ioctl: No such device
ioctl (add): No such device
ioctl (add): No such device
ioctl (add): No such device
ifconfig: SIOCGIFFLAGS: No such device
Waiting for all slaves...ioctl: No such device
ioctl: No such device
But it still said "No such device"
This is lsmod after I ran ./rtnet start
lsmod
Module Size Used by Not tainted
tdma 25691 0
rtmac 9724 1 tdma
rtcfg 58071 0
rtcap 7151 0
rt_loopback 1279 2
rtpacket 6365 0
rtudp 10738 0
rt_fec 12742 0
rtipv4 29987 2 rtcfg,rtudp
rtnet 40746 9 tdma,rtmac,rtcfg,rtcap,rt_loopback,rtpacket,rtudp,rt_fec,rtipv4
./rtifconfig
rtlo Medium: Local Loopback
IP address: 127.0.0.1
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU: 1500
Only rtlo is registered.
I also tried with kernel linux without non real-time FEC driver (please refer in another config file in attached Skydrive link), but still the same issue happened.
Do you have any idea how to solve this issue? I did many search but still can not figure out how to fix it.
Because I can't attach the files to my post, so I put all of my configuration files in the link below:
https://onedrive.live.com/redir?resid=162EDF85AEBD2EFE!717&authkey=!AJ1Fjd_XiohUwes&ithint=file%2czip
Best Regards,
Nguyen Hung Son