How can I search the first line and the last line in a text file? - powershell

Question

I need to only search the 1st line and last line in a text file to find a "-" and remove it.
How can I do it?
I tried select-string, but I don't know to find the 1st and last line and only remove "-" from there.
Here is what the text file looks like:
% 01-A247M15 G70
N0001 G30 G17 X-100 Y-100 Z0
N0002 G31 G90 X100 Y100 Z45
N0003 ; --PART NO.: NC-HON.PHX01.COVER-SHOE.DET-1000.050
N0004 ; --TOOL: 8.55 X .3937
N0005 ;
N0006 % 01-A247M15 G70
Something like this?
$1 = Get-Content C:\work\test\01.I
$1 | select-object -index 0, ($1.count-1)

Answer 1

Ok, so after looking at this for a while, I decided there had to be a way to do this with a one liner. Here it is:
(gc "c:\myfile.txt") | % -Begin {$test = (gc "c:\myfile.txt" | select -first 1 -last 1)} -Process {if ( $_ -eq $test[0] -or $_ -eq $test[-1] ) { $_ -replace "-" } else { $_ }} | Set-Content "c:\myfile.txt"
Here is a breakdown of what this is doing:
First, the aliases for those now familiar. I only put them in because the command is long enough as it is, so this helps keep things manageable:
gc means Get-Content
% means Foreach
$_ is for the current pipeline value (this isn't an alias, but I thought I would define it since you said you were new)
Ok, now here is what is happening in this:
(gc "c:\myfile.txt") | --> Gets the content of c:\myfile.txt and sends it down the line
% --> Does a foreach loop (goes through each item in the pipeline individually)
-Begin {$test = (gc "c:\myfile.txt" | select -first 1 -last 1)} --> This is a begin block, it runs everything here before it goes onto the pipeline stuff. It is loading the first and last line of c:\myfile.txt into an array so we can check for first and last items
-Process {if ( $_ -eq $test[0] -or $_ -eq $test[-1] ) --> This runs a check on each item in the pipeline, checking if it's the first or the last item in the file
{ $_ -replace "-" } else { $_ } --> if it's the first or last, it does the replacement, if it's not, it just leaves it alone
| Set-Content "c:\myfile.txt" --> This puts the new values back into the file.
Please see the following sites for more information on each of these items:
Get-Content uses
Get-Content definition
Foreach
The Pipeline
Begin and Process part of the Foreach (this are usually for custom function, but they work in the foreach loop as well)
If ... else statements
Set-Content
So I was thinking about what if you wanted to do this to many files, or wanted to do this often. I decided to make a function that does what you are asking. Here is the function:
function Replace-FirstLast {
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter( `
Position=0, `
Mandatory=$true)]
[String]$File,
[Parameter( `
Position=1, `
Mandatory=$true)]
[ValidateNotNull()]
[regex]$Regex,
[Parameter( `
position=2, `
Mandatory=$false)]
[string]$ReplaceWith=""
)
Begin {
$lines = Get-Content $File
} #end begin
Process {
foreach ($line in $lines) {
if ( $line -eq $lines[0] ) {
$lines[0] = $line -replace $Regex,$ReplaceWith
} #end if
if ( $line -eq $lines[-1] ) {
$lines[-1] = $line -replace $Regex,$ReplaceWith
}
} #end foreach
}#End process
end {
$lines | Set-Content $File
}#end end
} #end function
This will create a command called Replace-FirstLast. It would be called like this:
Replace-FirstLast -File "C:\myfiles.txt" -Regex "-" -ReplaceWith "NewText"
The -Replacewith is optional, if it is blank it will just remove (default value of ""). The -Regex is looking for a regular expression to match your command. For information on placing this into your profile check this article
Please note: If you file is very large (several GBs), this isn't the best solution. This would cause the whole file to live in memory, which could potentially cause other issues.

Answer 2

try:
$txt = get-content c:\myfile.txt
$txt[0] = $txt[0] -replace '-'
$txt[$txt.length - 1 ] = $txt[$txt.length - 1 ] -replace '-'
$txt | set-content c:\myfile.txt

Answer 3

You can use the select-object cmdlet to help you with this, since get-content basically spits out a text file as one huge array.
Thus, you can do something like this
get-content "path_to_my_awesome_file" | select -first 1 -last 1
To remove the dash after that, you can use the -Replace switch to find the dash and remove it. This is better than using System.String.Replace(...) method because it can match regex statements and replace whole arrays of strings too!
That would look like:
# gc = Get-Content. The parens tell Powershell to do whatever's inside of it
# then treat it like a variable.
(gc "path_to_my_awesome_file" | select -first 1 -last 1) -Replace '-',''

Answer 4

If your file is very large you might not want to read the whole file to get the last line. gc -Tail will get the last line very quickly for you.
function GetFirstAndLastLine($path){
return New-Object PSObject -Property #{
First = Get-Content $path -TotalCount 1
Last = Get-Content $path -Tail 1
}
}
GetFirstAndLastLine "u_ex150417.log"
I tried this on a 20 gb log file and it returned immediately. Reading the file takes hours.
You will still need to read the file if you want to keep all excising content and you want only to remove from the end. Using the -Tail is a quick way to check if it is there.
I hope it helps.

Answer 5

A cleaner answer to the above:
$Line_number_were_on = 0
$Awesome_file = Get-Content "path_to_ridiculously_excellent_file" | %{
$Line = $_
if ($Line_number_were_on -eq $Awesome_file.Length)
{ $Line -Replace '-','' }
else
{ $Line } ;
$Line_number_were_on++
}
I like one-liners, but I find that readability tends to suffer sometimes when I put terseness over function. If what you're doing is going to be part of a script that other people will be reading/maintaining, readability might be something to consider.

Answer 6

Following Nick's answer: I do need to do this on all text files in the directory tree and this is what I'm using now:
Get-ChildItem -Path "c:\work\test" -Filter *.i | where { !$_.PSIsContainer } | % {
$txt = Get-Content $_.FullName;
$txt[0] = $txt[0] -replace '-';
$txt[$txt.length - 1 ] = $txt[$txt.length - 1 ] -replace '-';
$txt | Set-Content $_.FullName
}
and it looks like it's working well now.

Answer 7

Simple process:
Replace $file.txt with your filename
Get-Content $file_txt | Select-Object -last 1

Answer 8

I was recently searching for comments in the last line of .bat files. It seems to mess up the error code of previous commands. I found this useful for searching for a pattern in the last line of files. Pspath is a hidden property that get-content outputs. If I used select-string, I would lose the filename. *.bat gets passed as -filter for speed.
get-childitem -recurse . *.bat | get-content -tail 1 | where { $_ -match 'rem' } |
select pspath
PSPath
------
Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\FileSystem::C:\users\js\foo\file.bat