Here is my code:
function [im,sindx,end1]=alln(im,i,j,secret,sindx,end1)
slen=length(secret);
p=im(i,j);
neigh= [im(i-1,j) im(i+1,j) im(i,j-1) im(i,j+1) im(i-1,j-1) im(i+1,j-1) im(i-1,j+1) im(i+1,j+1)];
minpix = min (neigh)
maxpix = max (neigh)
if minpix < p < maxpix
lowlim = minpix+1;
highlim = maxpix-1;
range = highlim-lowlim+1;
nbits=floor(log2(abs(range)));
if sindx+nbits-1>slen
end1=1;
return
end
for k=1:nbits
bin(k)=secret(sindx+k-1);
end
b = bin2dec(bin);
newvalue1 = abs (minpix + b);
newvalue2 = abs (maxpix - b);
if abs(p-newvalue1)<= abs(p-newvalue2)
im(i,j) = newvalue1;
else
im(i,j) = newvalue2;
end
sindx=sindx+nbits;
end
end
My main program calls this function. When I run the program, I get the following error message:
??? Undefined function or variable "bin".
Error in ==> alln at 34
b = bin2dec(bin);
I know there are many experts for whom this is not a problem at all. I am new to MATLAB. Please guys, show me the way, which type of modification in the code can overcome this problem?
First of all, are there some lines missing from the file? Perhaps you've stripped some comments from the top? Because the error message says that
b = bin2dec(bin);
is line 34, but it's line 22 in the code you present.
OK, that aside...
The error message says that 'bin' isn't defined, but I see that it's being set on the line...
bin(k)=secret(sindx+k-1);
That suggests to me that THAT line isn't being run.
I see that that bin = ... line is inside of a 'for' loop, so I suspect that the for loop is run zero times, meaning that 'bin' never gets defined. What is nbits? Is it 1, or perhaps less than 1? THAT would prevent the loop from running at all.
Try removing the semicolon from the end of the
nbits=floor(log2(abs(range)));
line and run your code again.
Leaving off the semicolon will force the value of nbits to be printed in the Command Window. I bet you'll find that it's 1 or less. If that's the case, then start looking at HOW nbits is calculated, and I bet you'll find the problem.
At what input arguments to the function alln, are you getting the error?
Lets suppose that nbits is 0, then the following loop will not run:
for k=1:nbits
bin(k)=secret(sindx+k-1);
end
So, bin will be undefined. So, the error happens. This is one of the cases where the error can happen. There are many such possible cases.
Related
I don't understand why the for cycle does not execute the last cycle, i.e. the field 'PX_TO_BOOK_RATIO'.
javaaddpath('C:\DocumentsandSettings\cascari\Desktop\API\APIv3\JavaAPI\v3.7.1.1\lib\blpapi3.jar')
connection = blp;
FileName='ScopeEconomies';
list={'OPM LN Equity';'FCTY US Equity';'FCCY US Equity'}
bbgfields={'TOT_LOAN_TO_TOT_ASSET'; 'PX_TO_BOOK_RATIO' };
nfields=length(bbgfields);
for i=1:nfields
[data,sec] = history(connection, list, bbgfields(i), '01/01/1993', '12/31/2013',...
{'quarterly','all_calendar_days','nil_value'},'USD');
temp=[data{:,:}];
eval([char(bbgfields(i)) '=temp']);
name=char(bbgfields(i));
xlswrite(FileName, temp, name, 'B1');
end;
When instead I leave only one element in bbgfields, I get
Attempted to access j(1); index out of bounds because numel(j)=0.
Error in blp/history>eventHandler (line 417)
outInd(i) = j(1);
Error in blp/history (line 245)
[d,sec] = eventHandler(b,s,f);
I am guessing it is because you are using a cell as an input into history. Have you tried converting it to char as follows?
[data,sec] = history(connection, list, char(bbgfields(i)), '01/01/1993', '12/31/2013',...
{'quarterly','all_calendar_days','nil_value'},'USD');
This question already has an answer here:
MATLAB error: "previously appeared to be used as a function or command"
(1 answer)
Closed 8 years ago.
In my command window, I can execute find([0 1 0]), but when I run find in a function, as in x = find([0 1 0]), the compiler tells me that find isn't defined. Why might that be?
The error is:
??? Error: File: frequentTuples.m Line: 12 Column: 21
"find" previously appeared to be used as a function or command, conflicting with its
use here as the name of a variable.
A possible cause of this error is that you forgot to initialize the
variable, or you have initialized it implicitly using load or eval.
and here's the code. The error occurs on the second line of the for loop.
function [ tuples ] = frequentTuples( k, candidates, transactions, min_support )
%FREQUENTTUPLES Get frequent itemsets of size k
% Detailed explanation goes here
candidate_tuple_is_frequent = zeros(size(candidates, 1));
for i = 1:size(candidates, 1)
columns_of_candidate_items = transactions(:, candidates(i, :));
indices_of_transactions_containing_all_items = find(sum(columns_of_candidate_items') == k);
candidate_tuple_is_frequent(i) = size(indices_of_transactions_containing_all_items) >= min_support;
end
tuples = candidates(find(candidate_tuple_is_frequent, :));
end
Ah, I see your problem now. You have a misplaced bracket on line 13. You have
tuples = candidates(find(candidate_tuple_is_frequent, :));
When you should have
tuples = candidates(find(candidate_tuple_is_frequent), :);
You're trying to call find(candidate_tuple_is_frequent, :), which is trying to treat find as a variable. This means that any other call to find in the function will treat it as a variable, hence your error.
I'm working with someone else's code and I am unfamiliar with try/catch so I made a small, similar example. On line 11, if I write error(''), it doesn't seem to catch the error and increase the index j. However, writing error(' ') or error('bad!') does.
So does having an error with an empty string ignore the error, or am I doing something wrong?
% Just a file to understand the Matlab command try/catch
M = 3;
j = 1;
k = [Inf, 5, 4];
while M>0
try
M = M-1
u = k(j)
if (isinf(u)||isnan(u)), error(''), end;
catch
j = j+1
end
end
Yes, error('') and error([]) and error(struct([])) all do not actually display an error message and abort running code. I personally consider the use of the single string argument version of error to be bad practice in any real code. You should use always use both a 'MSGID' and a 'ERRMSG' when writing errors for your functions, e.g.
error('FunctionName:SubFunctionName:ErrorMSGID','Error message to be printed.')
Alternatively, you can use MException objects in conjuction with throw, rethrow, and throwAsCaller, which allow you to reuse error information. More here.
It is odd, but it's in the documentation for error, for the error('msgString') syntax:
All string input arguments must be enclosed in single quotation marks. If msgString is an empty string, the error command has no effect.
Similarly, if using the error(msgStruct) syntax:
If msgStruct is an empty structure, no action is taken and error returns without exiting the function.
if you have a look to the try documentation you can have an example.
Else want you want for your code it :
M = 3;
j = 1;
k = [Inf, 5, 4];
while M>0
try
M = M-1
u = k(j)
if (isinf(u)||isnan(u)), error(''), end;
catch
disp('I catch an error!');
j = j+1
end
end
Because If you never get an error in your code, it will never go in the catch. So by including error('');, it just to say, go execute the statement in the catch.
But you can just modify your code by replacing the error() by the statements into your catch like this :
while M>0
M = M-1
u = k(j)
if (isinf(u)||isnan(u)), j = j+1, end;
end
EDIT
If you take a look in the documentation, you can found this :
% ERROR(MSGSTRUCT) reports the error using fields stored in the scalar
% structure MSGSTRUCT. This structure can contain these fields:
%
% message - Error message string
% identifier - See MESSAGE IDENTIFIERS, below
% stack - Struct similar to the output of the DBSTACK function
%
% If MSGSTRUCT is an empty structure, no action is taken and ERROR
% returns without exiting the program. If you do not specify the
% stack, the ERROR function determines it from the current file and line.
So no action is taken as you can read. And nothing, so catch don't get any informations.
Not sure why you need it, but here is how it works.
error function does not throw an error with empty string or empty vector ([]) as an argument.
If you don't specify argument at all the error function itself generates the error "Not enough arguments". So it will go to catch.
Another way is to specify an empty structure as an argument.
s = struct();
error(s)
In this case, the error will be generated, but the code will not stop and in general flow you will hear no beep. In your case it should go to catch.
temp(i,1) = rand(1)*(pb(1,num).pos(i,1) - pw(1,num).pos(i,1));
This line gives the following error:
Error using ==> minus
Not enough input arguments.
The following are the definitions of pb and pw.
pw=struct('fitness',[],'pos',{});
pb=struct('fitness',[],'pos',{});
pos is a 2 x 1 array.
When tracking down errors like this, I break the problem up into smaller bits. Especially when the logic isn't readily apparent. Not only does it provide a path that can be used to step through your function using the debugger, but it also makes it more readable.
I've taken liberty with the intermediate variable names.
thisPb = pb(1,num);
thisPw = pw(1,num);
initialPos= pw.pos(i,1);
finalPos = pb.pos(i,1);
whos initialPos finalPos
temp(i,1) = rand(1) * (finalPos - initialPos);
The line with whos will print out the values. Make sure that finalPos and initialPos are both numbers.
One way that you can get this error is when num is an empty matrix.
The expression
>> s(x).a
can return a variable number of outputs, depending on the size of x.
If x = [1,2,3] for example, it will return three values (as long as s has at least three elements).
If x = [] on the other hand, then s(x).a will return no outputs, so the expression
>> disp(s(x).a)
will give you a Not enough input arguments error, which is almost certainly what you're seeing. You should check that num is not empty.
Are you sure, that all values are really initialised? Try to check this before your codeline.
disp(pb(1,num).pos(i,1))
disp(pw(1,num).pos(i,1))
temp(i,1) = rand(1)*(pb(1,num).pos(i,1) - pw(1,num).pos(i,1));
So, we are trying to execute the following code. The two if statements are executing, however, the inside if statements are failing to execute (we verified this by not suppressing the output). Is there a reason why? Or are we just not able to reach this state?
Specifications
The input is as follows: v is a vector of int values and c is a integer. c must be less than or equal to one of the values within v
The problem that we are trying to solve with this algorithm is as follows:
Given a cash register, how does one make change such that the fewest coins
possible are returned to the customer?
Ex: Input: v = [1, 10, 25, 50], c = 40. Output O = [5, 1, 1, 0]
We are just looking for not a better solution but more of a reason why that portion of the code is not executing.
function O = changeGreedy(v,c)
O = zeros(size(v,1), size(v,2));
for v_item = 1:size(v,2)
%locate largest term
l_v_item = 1
for temp = 2:size(v,2)
if v(l_v_item) < v(temp)
l_v_item = temp
end
end
%"Items inside if statement are not executing"
if (c > v(l_v_item))
v(l_v_item) = -1 %"Not executing"
else
O(l_v_item) = idivide(c, v(l_v_item)) %"Not executing"
c = mod(c, v(l_v_item)) %"Not executing"
end
end
If c or v are not integers, i.e. class(c) evaluates to double, then I get the following error message
??? Error using ==> idivide>idivide_check at 66
At least one argument must belong to an integer class.
Error in ==> idivide at 42
idivide_check(a,b);
and the program stops executing. Thus, the inside of the second statement never executes. In contrast, if, say, c is an integer, for example of class uint8, everything executes just fine.
Also: what are you actually trying to achieve with this code?
Try to do this operation on your input data:
v = int32([1, 10, 25, 50]), c = int32(40)
and run again, at least some portions of your code will execute. There is an error raised by idivide, which apparently you missed:
??? Error using ==> idivide>idivide_check at 67
At least one argument must belong to an integer class.
Error in ==> idivide at 42
idivide_check(a,b);
Indeed, idivide seems to require that you have actual integer input data (that is, class(c) and class(v) both evaluate to an integer type, such as int32).