How would one approach adding support for https://github.com/tianocore/edk2-libc, say I want to include stdio and use printf in my edk2 application? I followed StdLib/Readme.txt, and am able to successfully build examples in the AppPkg, however, when I try to add StdLib to my project I get errors like these:
LibString.lib(Searching.obj) : error LNK2005: strspn already defined in LibString.lib(Searching.obj)
LibCtype.lib(CClass.obj) : error LNK2005: isspace already defined in LibCtype.lib(CClass.obj)
(...)
LibC.lib(Main.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol main
I do have the boilerplate (!include StdLib/StdLib.inc) added to my dsc file and in inf, I have StdLib.dec added to Packages and LibC and LibStdio added to LibraryClasses. I am using VS2017 toolchain for compilation and am using edk2-stable202108 release.
I was able to achieve this using below configuration for Hello Application of AppPkg.
Hello.inf
[Defines]
INF_VERSION = 0x00010006
BASE_NAME = Hello
FILE_GUID = a912f198-7f0e-4803-b908-b757b806ec83
MODULE_TYPE = UEFI_APPLICATION
VERSION_STRING = 0.1
ENTRY_POINT = ShellCEntryLib
#
# VALID_ARCHITECTURES = IA32 X64
#
[Sources]
Hello.c
[Packages]
MdePkg/MdePkg.dec
ShellPkg/ShellPkg.dec
StdLib/StdLib.dec
[LibraryClasses]
UefiLib
ShellCEntryLib
BaseLib
BaseMemoryLib
MemoryAllocationLib
LibStdLib
LibStdio
LibString
DevConsole
Hello.c
#include <Uefi.h>
#include <Library/UefiLib.h>
#include <Library/ShellCEntryLib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int
main (
IN int Argc,
IN char **Argv
)
{
printf("Hello, world!\n");
return 0;
}
What I have understood is that LibC has ShellAppMain() defined in it which internally calls extern main(). So You need to provide definition of main() in your source just like I did in Hello.c
With a regular class BOOST_PYTHON_MEMBER_FUNCTION_OVERLOADS works :
>> more dummy.cpp
#include <boost/python.hpp>
using namespace boost::python;
class X
{
public:
X() {};
int twice(int x=5, float y=2.) {return (int)(x*y);};
};
BOOST_PYTHON_MEMBER_FUNCTION_OVERLOADS(X_twice_overloads, X::twice, 0, 2)
BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(dummy)
{
class_<X>("X").def("twice", &X::twice, X_twice_overloads(args("x", "y")));
}
>> make
g++ -I /usr/include/python2.7 -o dummy.so -fPIC -shared dummy.cpp -lboost_python -lpython2.7
>> python
Python 2.7.17 (default, Oct 19 2019, 23:36:22)
[GCC 9.2.1 20191008] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import dummy; dx = dummy.X(); print dx.twice(), dx.twice(2,-1.)
10 -2
OK, that works.
Now I need to "templatize" a class with one (only) type T :
>> more dummyT.cpp
#include <string>
#include <boost/python.hpp>
using namespace boost::python;
template<typename T>
class Y
{
public:
Y() {};
T twice(T x=5, float y=2.) {return (T)(x*y);};
};
BOOST_PYTHON_MEMBER_FUNCTION_OVERLOADS(Yint_twice_overloads, Y<int>::twice, 0, 2)
template<typename T, typename O>
void exportY(std::string type)
{
class_<Y<T>>(type.c_str()).def("twice", &Y<T>::twice, O(args("x", "y")));
};
BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(dummyT)
{
exportY<int, Yint_twice_overloads>("Yint");
}
>> make dummyT
g++ -I /usr/include/python2.7 -o dummyT.so -fPIC -shared dummyT.cpp -lboost_python -lpython2.7
>> python
Python 2.7.17 (default, Oct 19 2019, 23:36:22)
[GCC 9.2.1 20191008] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import dummyT; dy = dummyT.Yint(); print dy.twice(), dy.twice(2,-1.)
10 -2
OK: works fine.
But, now I need to "templatize" a class with 2 types T and U:
>> more dummyTU.cpp
#include <string>
#include <boost/python.hpp>
#include <boost/preprocessor.hpp>
using namespace boost::python;
template<typename T, typename U>
class Z
{
public:
Z() {};
T twice(T x=5, U y=2.) {return (T)(x*y);};
};
#define SEVERAL_ARGS_AS_ONE_EXPAND(a,b) Z<a,b>::twice
#define SEVERAL_ARGS_AS_ONE_EXPAND_EXPAND(a,b) SEVERAL_ARGS_AS_ONE_EXPAND(a,b)
#define SEVERAL_ARGS_AS_ONE(a,b) SEVERAL_ARGS_AS_ONE_EXPAND_EXPAND(a,b)
#define ARGS int, float
BOOST_PYTHON_MEMBER_FUNCTION_OVERLOADS(Zintfloat_twice_overloads, SEVERAL_ARGS_AS_ONE(ARGS), 0, 2)
template<typename T, typename U, typename O>
void exportZ(std::string type)
{
class_<Z<T,U>>(type.c_str()).def("twice", &Z<T,U>::twice, O(args("x", "y")));
};
BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(dummyTU)
{
exportZ<int, float, Zintfloat_twice_overloads>("Zintfloat");
}
>> make dummyTU
g++ -I /usr/include/python2.7 -o dummyTU.so -fPIC -shared dummyTU.cpp -lboost_python -lpython2.7
dummyTU.cpp:19:98: error: macro "SEVERAL_ARGS_AS_ONE" requires 2 arguments, but only 1 given
19 | BOOST_PYTHON_MEMBER_FUNCTION_OVERLOADS(Zintfloat_twice_overloads, SEVERAL_ARGS_AS_ONE(ARGS), 0, 2)
This breaks.
As far as I understand the "double macro expand" trick should make "several args as one", but, this seems to fail. Can't get BOOST_PP_XXX to work either. Is there a way to get this to work ?
Solution:
>> more dummyTU.cpp
#include <string>
#include <boost/python.hpp>
using namespace boost::python;
template<typename T, typename U>
class Z
{
public:
Z() {};
T twice(T x=5, U y=2.) {return (T)(x*y);};
};
#define SEVERAL_ARGS_AS_ONE_EXPAND(a,b) Z<a,b>
#define SEVERAL_ARGS_AS_ONE_EXPAND_EXPAND(...) SEVERAL_ARGS_AS_ONE_EXPAND(__VA_ARGS__)
#define SEVERAL_ARGS_AS_ONE(...) SEVERAL_ARGS_AS_ONE_EXPAND_EXPAND(__VA_ARGS__)
#define N_ARGS() int,float
typedef SEVERAL_ARGS_AS_ONE(N_ARGS()) ZintfloatTD;
BOOST_PYTHON_MEMBER_FUNCTION_OVERLOADS(Zintfloat_twice_overloads, ZintfloatTD::twice, 0, 2)
template<typename T, typename U, typename O>
void exportZ(std::string type)
{
class_<Z<T,U>>(type.c_str()).def("twice", &Z<T,U>::twice, O(args("x", "y")));
};
BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(dummyTU)
{
exportZ<int, float, Zintfloat_twice_overloads>("Zintfloat");
}
>> make dummyTU
g++ -I /usr/include/python2.7 -o dummyTU.so -fPIC -shared dummyTU.cpp -lboost_python -lpython2.7
>> python
Python 2.7.17 (default, Oct 19 2019, 23:36:22)
[GCC 9.2.1 20191008] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import dummyTU; dz = dummyTU.Zintfloat(); print dz.twice(), dz.twice(2,-1.)
10 -2
def my_function(country = "Norway"):
print("I am from " + country)
my_function("Sweden")
my_function("India")
my_function()
my_function("Brazil")
Syntax Error: invalid syntax
Your code should be working.
I tried below in PyCharm IDE, It worked for me.
def my_function(country = "Norway"):
print("I am from " + country)
my_function("Sweden")
# Output = I am from Sweden
Tried below code from Command line:
C:\Users\OmkarJ>python
Python 3.6.2 (v3.6.2:5fd33b5, Jul 8 2017, 04:57:36) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> def my_function(country = "Norway"):
... print("I am from " + country)
...
>>> my_function("Sweden")
I am from Sweden
>>> my_function("India")
I am from India
>>>
I have a quite simple Swig Module for Demo purposes but can't get the wrapper/stub to get compiled.
Swigtest.h:
#pragma once
class Swigtest {
public:
Swigtest() {};
int func1(int param1);
};
Swigtest.cpp
#include "Swigtest.h"
int Swigtest::func1(int param1)
{
return param1 + 1;
}
Swigtest.i
%module Swigtest
%{
#include "Swigtest.h"
%}
%include "Swigtest.h"
The wrapper ist generated with swig.exe -c++ -perl5 Swigtest.i and then the compilation of the wrapper Swigtest_wrap.cxx fails with the following first error:
[path_to_perl_lib]\lib\core\win32.h(371): error C2061: syntax error: identifier 'STRLEN'
I'm using VisualStudio 2015 Toolset (acutally running on VS17) with Target Platform Version 8.1 and Swigwin 3.0.12.
Thank's for your help!
I'm trying to install pycuda on Linux Mint with a GeForce 960M and Cuda 8.0 installed. When I run the test_driver.py script it outputs the following error:
============================= test session starts ==============================
platform linux2 -- Python 2.7.12, pytest-3.0.3, py-1.4.31, pluggy-0.4.0
rootdir: /home/milton/Downloads/pycuda-2016.1.2, inifile:
collected 28 items
test_driver.py ...................x.....F..
=================================== FAILURES ===================================
________________________ TestDriver.test_multi_context _________________________
args = (,), kwargs = {}
pycuda = <module 'pycuda' from '/home/milton/miniconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pycuda-2016.1.2-py2.7-linux-x86_64.egg/pycuda/init.pyc'>
ctx = <pycuda._driver.Context object at 0x7f540e39d758>
clear_context_caches = <function clear_context_caches at 0x7f540ee26758>
collect =<built-in function collect>
def f(*args, **kwargs):
import pycuda.driver
# appears to be idempotent, i.e. no harm in calling it more than once
pycuda.driver.init()
ctx = make_default_context()
try:
assert isinstance(ctx.get_device().name(), str)
assert isinstance(ctx.get_device().compute_capability(), tuple)
assert isinstance(ctx.get_device().get_attributes(), dict)
inner_f(*args, **kwargs)
../../../miniconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pycuda-2016.1.2-py2.7-linux-x86_64.egg/pycuda/tools.py:460:
self = <test_driver.TestDriver instance at 0x7f540c21fc20>
#mark_cuda_test
def test_multi_context(self):
if drv.get_version() < (2,0,0):
return
if drv.get_version() >= (2,2,0):
if drv.Context.get_device().compute_mode == drv.compute_mode.EXCLUSIVE:
E AttributeError: type object 'compute_mode' has no attribute 'EXCLUSIVE'
test_driver.py:638: AttributeError
================ 1 failed, 26 passed, 1 xfailed in 6.92 seconds ================
python driver compute mode only supports following modes:
DEFAULT,
PROHIBITED,
EXCLUSIVE_PROCESS
so please change this:
if drv.Context.get_device().compute_mode == drv.compute_mode.EXCLUSIVE:
to
if drv.Context.get_device().compute_mode == drv.compute_mode.EXCLUSIVE_PROCESS:
in your test_driver.py file