Error Message Mex file Matlab - matlab

Has any one had before this error message :
Undefined function or method 'name of function' for inputs arguments of type 'double'.
I always have this error message when compiling a mex file. I have checked well the path, and it seems to be the right one.
This is my code, the mex file is amortiss.c
#include "mex.h"
/* The computational functions */
void arrayquotient(double input1, double input2, double output1)
{
output1=input1/input2;
}
/* The gateway function */
void mexFunction( int nlhs, mxArray *plhs[],
int nrhs, const mxArray *prhs[])
{
/* variable declarations here */
double input1; /* input scalar 1 */
double input2; /* input scalar 2*/
double output1; /* output scalar 1 */
/* code here */
/* get the value of the scalar input1 */
input1 = mxGetScalar(prhs[0]);
/* get the value of the scalar input2 */
input2 = mxGetScalar(prhs[1]);
/* get the value of the scalar input3 */
input3 = mxGetScalar(prhs[2]);
/* create the output scalar1 */
plhs[0] = mxCreateDoubleScalar(input1/input2);
/* get the value of the scalar output1 */
output1 = mxGetScalar(plhs[0]);
/* call the computational routines */
arrayquotient(input1,input2,output1);
}
I added the path (command add path) to make sure the mex file amortiss.c exists. Then I created a .m file called arrayquotient.m in which I just wrote the declaration of my function :
function c = arrayquotient(a,b)
But, when compiling, another error message appears:
Error in ==> arrayquotient at 1
function c=arrayquotient(a,b)
??? Output argument "c" (and maybe others) not assigned during call to
"C:\Users\hp\Documents\MATLAB\codes_Rihab\arrayquotient.m>arrayquotient".

The function amortiss.c is a c-file and CANNOT be executed as-is by Matlab.
The file, arrayquotient.m, you created is an empty function that does not assign value to its output c.
What you need to do is to mex the c-file amortiss.c to create a mex file amortiss.mexw32 (the extension differs according to your architecture. Use mexext to find out the extension you should be looking for).
In matlab, setup your mex compiler:
>> mex -setup
You will be instructed to choose from compilers installe don your machine and recognized by Matlab.
Once you setup your mex compiler you can go on and mex the c-file
>> mex -O -largeArrayDims amortiss.c
Then you'll have a mex-file amortiss.mexXXX (with 'XXX' depending on your architecture).
You can cll the function like any other function
>> c = amortiss( a, b );

Related

MATLAB, mex files, Fortran, warnings and errors

I'm not quite seeing the issue I'm having, and I've tried suggestions I've seen in other forum posts. I am trying to write a (fortran) mex file, per request of my boss. However, I was getting warnings when passing a matrix to my computational routine. If I ignored the warning, my MATLAB shut down. So now I'm trying a simpler program, an inner product. However, I am still getting the warning: "Expected a procedure at (1)" where (1) is at 'call innerProd(x,y,c)' underneath the x. I'm not sure what that means... I've included my code.
#include "fintrf.h"
C======================================================================
#if 0
C
C innerProd.F
C .F file needs to be preprocessed to generate .for equivalent
C
#endif
C
C innerProd.F
C calculates the inner product
C This is a MEX file for MATLAB.
C Copyright 1984-2011 The MathWorks, Inc.
C $Revision: 1.12.2.9 $
C======================================================================
C Gateway routine
subroutine mexFunction(nlhs, plhs, nrhs, prhs)
C Declarations
implicit none
C mexFunction arguments:
mwPointer:: plhs(*), prhs(*)
integer:: nlhs, nrhs
C Function declarations:
mwPointer:: mxCreateDoubleMatrix, mxGetPr,mxGetM, mxGetData
integer:: mxIsNumeric
C Pointers to input/output mxArrays:
mwPointer:: x_ptr, y_ptr, c_ptr
C Array information:
mwSize:: m
C Arguments for computational routine:
real*8:: x,y,c
C----------------------------------------------------------------------
C Check for proper number of arguments.
if (nrhs .ne. 2) then
call mexErrMsgTxt('Error.')
elseif (nlhs .ne. 1) then
call mexErrMsgTxt('One output required.')
endif
C Check to see if inputs are numeric.
if (mxIsNumeric(prhs(1)) .ne. 1 ) then
call mexErrMsgTxt('Input # 1 is not a numeric array.')
elseif (mxIsNumeric(prhs(2)) .ne. 1) then
call mexErrMsgTxt('Input #2 is not a numeric array.')
endif
C Find dimensions of mxArrays
m=mxGetM(prhs(1))
C create Fortran arrays from the input arguments
x_ptr=mxGetData(prhs(1))
call mxCopyPtrToReal8(x_ptr,x,m)
y_ptr= mxGetData(prhs(2))
call mxCopyPtrToReal8(y_ptr,y,m)
C create matrix for the return argument
plhs(1) =mxCreateDoubleMatrix(1,1,0)
c_ptr= mxGetPr(plhs(1))
C Call the computational subroutine.
call innerProd(x,y,c)
C Load the output into a MATLAB array.
call mxCopyReal8ToPtr(c, c_ptr, 1)
return
end subroutine mexFunction
C----------------------------------------------------------------------
C Computational routine
subroutine innerProd(x,y,c)
implicit none
real*8:: x,y,temp,c
integer:: i,m
do i=1,m
temp=temp+x(i)*y(i)
end do
c = temp
return
end subroutine innerProd
I'm just learning this for the first time, and I would appreciate any suggestions. Even if it is where to look for solutions. I've looked through MATLAB mex Fortran aids online. There isn't any help there. I can't get the function to run, so I can't use print statements which is a good way to debug. I think mex has a print function, I will try to get that to work.
Thank you!
The main problem is that you haven't anywhere declared the arguments of innerProd as arrays. That holds for the actual arguments x and y in the subroutine mexFunction and the dummy arguments x and y in innerProd itself.
So, in innerProd the expression x(i) isn't referencing the i-th element of the real*8 array x, but the real*8 result of the function x with argument i. As the x you've passed isn't a function (procedure), this is an error.
There are ways to solve this, but all involve declaring the dummy arguments as arrays. Which brings up another point.
You have in innerProd
integer:: i,m
do i=1,m
temp=temp+x(i)*y(i)
end do
where m is not defined. Crucially, from mexfunction you're expecting the compiler to know that m is the size of the arrays x and y: this isn't true. m is a variable local to innerProd. Instead you may want to pass it as an argument to the subroutine and use that to dimension the arrays:
subroutine innerProd(x,y,c,m)
implicit none
integer :: m
real*8:: x(m),y(m),temp,c
...
end subroutine
[You could, of course, use assumed-shape arrays (and the SIZE intrinsic), but that's an additional complication requiring more substantial changes.] You also need to think about how to declare arrays appropriately in mexfunction, noting that the call to mxCopyPtrToReal8 also requires an array argument.
I couldn't get the Fortran code to work for innerProd, but I did get C code to work. I recommend, if you are having issues with Fortran, to use C. It seems that Matlab is more flexible when it comes to mex files and C. Here is the code:
#include "mex.h"
/*
* innerProd.c
*
*Computational function that takes the inner product of two vectors.
*
*Mex-file for MATLAB.
*/
void innerProd(double *x, double *y,double *c,int m){
double temp;
int i;
for(i=0; i < m; i++){
temp = temp + x[i]*y[i];
}
*c=temp;
}
void mexFunction(int nlhs, mxArray *plhs[], int nrhs, const mxArray *prhs[])
{
double *x, *y, *c;
size_t m;
/*check for proper number of arguments.*/
if(nrhs != 2){
mexErrMsgIdAndTxt("MATLAB:innerProd:invalidNumInputs","Two input required.");
}
/*The input must be a noncomplex double vector.*/
m = mxGetM(prhs[0]);
if(!mxIsDouble(prhs[0]) || mxIsComplex(prhs[0]) || m==1){
mexErrMsgIdAndTxt("MATLAB:innerProd:inputNotRealDouble","Input must be noncomplex double vector");
}
/*create return argument */
plhs[0] = mxCreateDoubleMatrix(1,1,0);
c=mxGetPr(plhs[0]);
/*Assign pointers to each input and output. */
x = mxGetPr(prhs[0]);
y=mxGetPr(prhs[1]);
/*call subroutine*/
innerProd(x,y,c,m);
}
I will still take suggestions on the Fortran code above, though. I'd like to know how to get it to work. Thanks!

Return variable number of outputs from mex function

Is there any way to return a variable number of outputs from a mex function?
One might pack them into a cell, but I wondered wether there is a way, so that they are expanded directly in the output list. Something like
a = mymex(arg1, arg2);
[a, b, c] = mymex(arg1, arg2, 'all');
Of course you can, just like any other MATLAB function:
test_mex.cpp
#include "mex.h"
void mexFunction(int nlhs, mxArray *plhs[], int nrhs, const mxArray *prhs[])
{
for (int i=0; i<nlhs; i++) {
plhs[i] = mxCreateDoubleScalar(i);
}
}
MATLAB
>> [a,b,c] = test_mex()
a =
0
b =
1
c =
2
You will have to determine how many arguments to return depending on the inputs/outputs, or issue an error if the function is called incorrectly (not enough input, too many outputs, etc..). The example above just accepts any number of output arguments (including none or zero outputs)
Take comma separated lists, which allow use to call functions in interesting ways:
>> out = cell(1,20);
>> [out{:}] = test_mex()
out =
Columns 1 through 11
[0] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]
Columns 12 through 20
[11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19]
This is like calling the function with 20 output variables:
>> [x1,x2,...,x20] = test_mex()
EDIT:
Just to clarify, MEX-functions act like regular M-functions defined with variable number of inputs and outputs (think function varargout = mymex(varargin)), and the same rules apply; it is up to you to manage access to inputs and create necessary outputs.
For example the previous code can be written as a regular M-function called the same way as before:
function varargout = test_fcn(varargin)
for i=1:nargout
varargout{i} = i-1;
end
end
The difference is that in MEX-files you could crash MATLAB if you try to access something out-of-range, or try to write output beyond what is actually allocated.
Take this example:
#include "mex.h"
void mexFunction(int nlhs, mxArray *plhs[], int nrhs, const mxArray *prhs[])
{
for (int i=0; i<30; i++) { // <--- note 30 as value
plhs[i] = mxCreateDoubleScalar(i);
}
}
Calling the above as:
>> test_mex % careful!
will most likely cause an immediate MATLAB crash. While the same thing done in M-code, will just create unnecessary extra output variables that are destroyed after the call.
As #chappjc explained in his answer, for MEX-files you are always guaranteed to have space for at least one output (plhs is an array of mxArray* of length 1 at a minimum, so it's safe to assign plhs[0] no matter what). If the caller specifies a LHS variable then the output goes into it, otherwise the output is assigned to the special ans variable (of course you can still assign nothing, in case of zero outputs).
The opposite case of not assigning enough output variables is fortunately caught by MATLAB, and throws a regular catch-able error with ID MATLAB:unassignedOutputs (in both MEX and M-functions).
Also, accessing out-of-range inputs will cause an access violation (MATLAB will inform you of that with a big scary dialog, and the prompt will turn to "please restart MATLAB" message). Doing the same in regular M-code, will just throw a regular error "Index exceeds matrix dimensions.", nothing serious!
As you can see, it is very easy for things to go wrong in MEX world (in an unrecoverable way), so you have to pay special attention to validating input/output arguments.
The syntax for calling a MEX function is identical to any other MATLAB function. However, internal to the MEX function, the number of in/out arguments used is determined by the first and third arguments to mexFunction (usually named nlhs and nrhs, can be anything).
Declaration of mexFunction in mex.h (around line 141 in R2014b):
/*
* mexFunction is the user-defined C routine that is called upon invocation
* of a MEX-function.
*/
void mexFunction(
int nlhs, /* number of expected outputs */
mxArray *plhs[], /* array of pointers to output arguments */
int nrhs, /* number of inputs */
const mxArray *prhs[] /* array of pointers to input arguments */
);
This is not unlike the syntax for the standard main functions for C/C++ command line executables, but there are notable differences. Unlike the native command line version (int main(int argc, const char* argv[])), the count and pointer array does not include the name of the function (argv[0] is usually the name of the executable program file), and with mexFunction there are parameters for output arguments as well as input.
The naming for nlhs and nrhs should be clear. HINT: In mathematics, an equation has a left hand side and a right hand side.
An important but easily overlooked quality of mexFunction I/O handling pertains to MATLAB's special ans variable, the place where function outputs (often) go if you don't assign to a variable. In a MEX file, you need to remember the following when checking nlhs. If nlhs=0, you can and must still write to plhs[0] for ans to be used. It's documented, just barely, in Data Flow in MEX-Files. Consider what happens with the following code:
// test_nlhs.cpp
void mexFunction(int nlhs, mxArray *plhs[], int nrhs, const mxArray *prhs[])
{
for (int i=0; i<nlhs; ++i)
plhs[i] = mxCreateDoubleScalar(i);
}
Outputs:
>> test_nlhs
>> [a,b] = test_nlhs
a =
0
b =
1
There's no output to ans because the logic with nlhs prevents it from assigning to plhs[0]. Now this code:
// test_nlhs.cpp
void mexFunction(int nlhs, mxArray *plhs[], int nrhs, const mxArray *prhs[])
{
if (nlhs==0) {
mexPrintf("Returning special value to ""ans"".\n");
plhs[0] = mxCreateDoubleScalar(-1);
} else {
mexPrintf("Returning to specified workspace variables.\n");
for (int i=0; i<nlhs; ++i)
plhs[i] = mxCreateDoubleScalar(i);
}
}
Outputs
>> test_nlhs
Returning special value to ans.
ans =
-1
>> [a,b] = test_nlhs
Returning to specified workspace variables.
a =
0
b =
1
It's certainly doesn't have to be a special value, and it should usually be the same first output argument, but I'm illustrating how you recognize the calling syntax.

libpointer as input for MEX function in Matlab

In Matlab, I have a a process (a data acquisition that is using calllib, but this is not important) which returns me pointers (libpointer) to a large array. I would like to use these arrays in a MEX file. If I have a libpointer X to this array, how can I use it in the MEX file?
Of course, there is the possibility to assign this to a new variable, like
A = X.Value;
But I suppose that this assignment will copy the array, what I do not want.
So my question, is there a way to use the libpointer (=the array's address) as an input argument of the MEX function and to retrieve the values from this input argument in MEX? As prhs[] is supposed to be a mxArray, I don't know how this should work.
Any help would be appreciated!
Update 2014-08-11: minimal example code:
#include "mex.h"
void mexFunction(int nlhs, mxArray *plhs[], int nrhs, const mxArray *prhs[])
{
(void) plhs;
mexPrintf("%d \n",prhs[0]); // gives back e.g. "7209090"
mexPrintf("%p \n",prhs[0]); // gives back e.g. "00000142006E0082"
}
And the Matlab code would then be like:
mex cfunction.c
pv = libpointer('doublePtr',112);
cfunction(pv)

Matlab mex c: strange calculation error with long double

I've noticed a problem on some C code that I'm writing where when I multiply two long doubles I sometimes get lower than expected accuracy. I've isolated an example below, note that this is an mex file for use in matlab. Repeating exactly the same code in pure c results in the expected behaviour.
#include <mex.h>
#include <stdint.h>
typedef int32_t q0_31; // 32 bit signed fixed point number with 31 fractional bits
// conversion to long double from q0_31
long double q0_31_to_ldouble(q0_31 d) {
return d/2147483648.0L;
}
/* The gateway function */
void mexFunction( int nlhs, mxArray *plhs[],
int nrhs, const mxArray *prhs[])
{
mwSize nInputs = 0;
mwSize nOutputs = 0;
q0_31 b;
long double b_ld;
/* check for proper number of arguments */
if( nrhs!=nInputs )
mexErrMsgIdAndTxt("filter_interface:nrhs","wrong number of inputs!");
if( nlhs!=nOutputs )
mexErrMsgIdAndTxt("filter_interface:nlhs","wrong number of outputs!");
// random value for b
b = 0x81948b0e;
// convert to long double directly
b_ld = b/2147483648.0L;
mexPrintf("Inline calculation...\n");
mexPrintf("b_ld:\t%0.16LA\n",b_ld);
mexPrintf("b_ld^2:\t %0.16LA\n",b_ld*b_ld);
// repeat with sub function
b_ld = q0_31_to_ldouble(b);
mexPrintf("Exactly the same with sub function...\n");
mexPrintf("b_ld:\t%0.16LA\n",b_ld);
mexPrintf("b_ld^2:\t %0.16LA\n",b_ld*b_ld);
}
After compilation, this is the output I get from the code:
Inline calculation...
b_ld: -0XF.CD6E9E4000000000P-4
b_ld^2: 0XF.9B7D0E4BEE0D3100P-4
Exactly the same with sub function...
b_ld: -0XF.CD6E9E4000000000P-4
b_ld^2: 0XF.9B7D0E4BEE0D0000P-4
It is totally bizarre, the value returned by the function is exactly the same as the inline calculation. Yet when I square it I get a different result.
As I only get this behaviour in the mex and not when I compile the same code directly with gcc I thought it might be due to some strange compiler flag that matlab uses. But I have not been able to find anything.
Any ideas? Can anyone replicate?
MATLAB Version: 7.14.0.739 (R2012a)
gcc: 4.8.1-10ubuntu9

Mex files: how to return an already allocated matlab array

I have found a really tricky problem, which I can not seem to fix easily. In short, I would like to return from a mex file an array, which has been passed as mex function input. You could trivially do this:
void mexFunction(int nargout, mxArray *pargout [ ], int nargin, const mxArray *pargin[])
{
pargout[0] = pargin[0];
}
But this is not what I need. I would like to get the raw pointer from pargin[0], process it internally, and return a freshly created mex array by setting the corresponding data pointer. Like that:
#include <mex.h>
void mexFunction(int nargout, mxArray *pargout [ ], int nargin, const mxArray *pargin[])
{
mxArray *outp;
double *data;
int m, n;
/* get input array */
data = mxGetData(pargin[0]);
m = mxGetM(pargin[0]);
n = mxGetN(pargin[0]);
/* copy pointer to output array */
outp = mxCreateNumericMatrix(0,0,mxDOUBLE_CLASS,mxREAL);
mxSetM(outp, m);
mxSetN(outp, n);
mxSetData(outp, data);
/* segfaults with or without the below line */
mexMakeMemoryPersistent(data);
pargout[0] = outp;
}
It doesn't work. I get a segfault, if not immediately, then after a few calls. I believe nothing is said about such scenario in the documentation. The only requirement is hat the data pointer has been allocated using mxCalloc, which it obviously has. Hence, I would assume this code is legal.
I need to do this, because I am parsing a complicated MATLAB structure into my internal C data structures. I process the data, some of the data gets re-allocated, some doesn't. I would like to transparently return the output structure, without thinking when I have to simply copy an mxArray (first code snippet), and when I actually have to create it.
Please help!
EDIT
After further looking and discussing with Amro, it seems that even my first code snippet is unsupported and can cause MATLAB crashes in certain situations, e.g., when passing structure fields or cell elements to such mex function:
>> a.field = [1 2 3];
>> b = pargin_to_pargout(a.field); % ok - works and assigns [1 2 3] to b
>> pargin_to_pargout(a.field); % bad - segfault
It seems I will have to go down the 'undocumented MATLAB' road and use mxCreateSharedDataCopy and mxUnshareArray.
You should use mxDuplicateArray, thats the documented way:
#include "mex.h"
void mexFunction(int nlhs, mxArray *plhs[], int nrhs, const mxArray *prhs[])
{
plhs[0] = mxDuplicateArray(prhs[0]);
}
While undocumented, the MEX API function mxCreateSharedDataCopy iswas given as a solution by MathWorks, now apparently disavowed, for creating a shared-data copy of an mxArray. MathWorks even provides an example in their solution, mxsharedcopy.c.
As described in that removed MathWorks Solution (1-6NU359), the function can be used to clone the mxArray header. However, the difference between doing plhs[0] = prhs[0]; and plhs[0] = mxCreateSharedDataCopy(prhs[0]); is that the first version just copies the mxArray* (a pointer) and hence does not create a new mxArray container (at least not until the mexFunction returns and MATLAB works it's magic), which would increment the data's reference count in both mxArrays.
Why might this be a problem? If you use plhs[0] = prhs[0]; and make no further modification to plhs[0] before returning from mexFunction, all is well and you will have a shared data copy thanks to MATLAB. However, if after the above assignment you modify plhs[0] in the MEX function, the change be seen in prhs[0] as well since it refers to the same data buffer. On the other hand, when explicitly generating a shared copy (with mxCreateSharedDataCopy) there are two different mxArray objects and a change to one array's data will trigger a copy operation resulting in two completely independent arrays. Also, direct assignment can cause segmentation faults in some cases.
Modified MathWorks Example
Start with an example using a modified mxsharedcopy.c from the MathWorks solution referenced above. The first important step is to provide the prototype for the mxCreateSharedDataCopy function:
/* Add this declaration because it does not exist in the "mex.h" header */
extern mxArray *mxCreateSharedDataCopy(const mxArray *pr);
As the comment states, this is not in mex.h, so you have to declare this yourself.
The next part of the mxsharedcopy.c creates new mxArrays in the following ways:
A deep copy via mxDuplicateArray:
copy1 = mxDuplicateArray(prhs[0]);
A shared copy via mxCreateSharedDataCopy:
copy2 = mxCreateSharedDataCopy(copy1);
Direct copy of the mxArray*, added by me:
copy0 = prhs[0]; // OK, but don't modify copy0 inside mexFunction!
Then it prints the address of the data buffer (pr) for each mxArray and their first values. Here is the output of the modified mxsharedcopy(x) for x=ones(1e3);:
prhs[0] = 72145590, mxGetPr = 18F90060, value = 1.000000
copy0 = 72145590, mxGetPr = 18F90060, value = 1.000000
copy1 = 721BF120, mxGetPr = 19740060, value = 1.000000
copy2 = 721BD4B0, mxGetPr = 19740060, value = 1.000000
What happened:
As expected, comparing prhs[0] and copy0 we have not created anything new except another pointer to the same mxArray.
Comparing prhs[0] and copy1, notice that mxDuplicateArray created a new mxArray at address 721BF120, and copied the data into a new buffer at 19740060.
copy2 has a different address (mxArray*) from copy1, meaning it is also a different mxArray not just the same one pointed to by different variables, but they both share the same data at address 19740060.
The question reduces to: Is it safe to return in plhs[0] either of copy0 or copy2 (from simple pointer copy or mxCreateSharedDataCopy, respectively) or is it necessary to use mxDuplicateArray, which actually copies the data? We can show that mxCreateSharedDataCopy would work by destroying copy1 and verifying that copy2 is still valid:
mxDestroyArray(copy1);
copy2val0 = *mxGetPr(copy2); % no crash!
Applying Shared-Data Copy to Input
Back to the question. Take this a step further than the MathWorks example and return a share-data copy of the input. Just do:
if (nlhs>0) plhs[0] = mxCreateSharedDataCopy(prhs[0]);
Hold your breath!
>> format debug
>> x=ones(1,2)
x =
Structure address = 9aff820 % mxArray*
m = 1
n = 2
pr = 2bcc8500 % double*
pi = 0
1 1
>> xDup = mxsharedcopy(x)
xDup =
Structure address = 9afe2b0 % mxArray* (different)
m = 1
n = 2
pr = 2bcc8500 % double* (same)
pi = 0
1 1
>> clear x
>> xDup % hold your breath!
xDup =
Structure address = 9afe2b0
m = 1
n = 2
pr = 2bcc8500 % double* (still same!)
pi = 0
1 1
Now for a temporary input (without format debug):
>> tempDup = mxsharedcopy(2*ones(1e3));
>> tempDup(1)
ans =
2
Interestingly, if I test without mxCreateSharedDataCopy (i.e. with just plhs[0] = prhs[0];), MATLAB doesn't crash but the output variable never materializes:
>> tempDup = mxsharedcopy(2*ones(1e3)) % no semi-colon
>> whos tempDup
>> tempDup(1)
Undefined function 'tempDup' for input arguments of type 'double'.
R2013b, Windows, 64-bit.
mxsharedcopy.cpp (modified C++ version):
#include "mex.h"
/* Add this declaration because it does not exist in the "mex.h" header */
extern "C" mxArray *mxCreateSharedDataCopy(const mxArray *pr);
bool mxUnshareArray(const mxArray *pr, const bool noDeepCopy); // true if not successful
void mexFunction(int nlhs,mxArray *plhs[],int nrhs,const mxArray *prhs[])
{
mxArray *copy1(NULL), *copy2(NULL), *copy0(NULL);
//(void) plhs; /* Unused parameter */
/* Check for proper number of input and output arguments */
if (nrhs != 1)
mexErrMsgTxt("One input argument required.");
if (nlhs > 1)
mexErrMsgTxt("Too many output arguments.");
copy0 = const_cast<mxArray*>(prhs[0]); // ADDED
/* First make a regular deep copy of the input array */
copy1 = mxDuplicateArray(prhs[0]);
/* Then make a shared copy of the new array */
copy2 = mxCreateSharedDataCopy(copy1);
/* Print some information about the arrays */
// mexPrintf("Created shared data copy, and regular deep copy\n");
mexPrintf("prhs[0] = %X, mxGetPr = %X, value = %lf\n",prhs[0],mxGetPr(prhs[0]),*mxGetPr(prhs[0]));
mexPrintf("copy0 = %X, mxGetPr = %X, value = %lf\n",copy0,mxGetPr(copy0),*mxGetPr(copy0));
mexPrintf("copy1 = %X, mxGetPr = %X, value = %lf\n",copy1,mxGetPr(copy1),*mxGetPr(copy1));
mexPrintf("copy2 = %X, mxGetPr = %X, value = %lf\n",copy2,mxGetPr(copy2),*mxGetPr(copy2));
/* TEST: Destroy the first copy */
//mxDestroyArray(copy1);
//copy1 = NULL;
//mexPrintf("\nFreed copy1\n");
/* RESULT: copy2 will still be valid */
//mexPrintf("copy2 = %X, mxGetPr = %X, value = %lf\n",copy2,mxGetPr(copy2),*mxGetPr(copy2));
if (nlhs>0) plhs[0] = mxCreateSharedDataCopy(prhs[0]);
//if (nlhs>0) plhs[0] = const_cast<mxArray*>(prhs[0]);
}