My input file is a csv file containing details as:
2233,anish sharma
2234,azad khan
2235,birbal singh
2236,chaitanya kumar
my expected output is display of the two details in two separate columns.
I executed following code. Full name is not getting displayed. The part after space doesn't appear. What changes should be done?
echo "Roll no updation"
tput cup 10 10
echo "Key in file name (rollno,name separated by comma)"
tput cup 12 10
read infile
for i in `cat $infile`
do
rollno=`echo $i|cut -d , -f1`
name=`echo $i|cut -d , -f2`
psql -U postgres -A -t -F, -c "update student set name = '$name' where rollno = '$rollno' current record" >bq
done
Your loop should be written in this fashion
# comma separates records
IFS=,
cat "$infile" | while read rollno name; do
psql -U postgres -A -t -F, -c \
"update student set name = '$name'
where rollno = '$rollno'" >bq
done
But you should be aware that this code is susceptible to SQL injection. Only use it if you can trust the source of the data!
Any ' in the file will cause errors and worse.
I am trying to update the format in /etc/hosts file.
sample
# more /etc/hosts
14.5.10.13 host1 host1.mydomain.com
14.5.10.14 host2 host2.mydomain.com
#
to
14.5.10.13 host1.mydomain.com host1
14.5.10.14 host2.mydomain.com host2
I tried this but didnt worked. Please suggest.
#sed 's/host{1,2} /host{1,2}.mydomain.com/' /etc/hosts
To swap the second and third fields in the file hosts but only if the second is host1 or host2:
$ awk '$2~/^host[12]$/{a=$2; $2=$3; $3=a} 1' hosts
# more /etc/hosts
14.5.10.13 host1.mydomain.com host1
14.5.10.14 host2.mydomain.com host2
#
Here, $2~/^host[12]$/ selects only those lines whose second field matches one of the hosts of interest. For those lines, the second and third field are swapped. The final 1 is awk's cryptic shorthand for print-the-line.
To do something similar with sed:
$ sed -E '/ host[12] /{s/ (host[12]) ([[:alnum:].]*)/ \2 \1/}' hosts
# more /etc/hosts
14.5.10.13 host1.mydomain.com host1
14.5.10.14 host2.mydomain.com host2
#
Here, / host[12] / selects only those lines that contain host1 or host2 surrounded by spaces. For those lines, host1 or host2 is swapped with the word that follows.
I'm trying to insert this text...
"error.emailNotActivated":"This email address has not been activated yet."
... at line number 5 using sed.
Here is my command so far
translated="This email address has not been activated yet.";
sed -i '' -e '5i\'$'\n''"error.emailNotActivated":'"\"$translated\"" local.strings;
I unfortunately keep getting the error message "invalid command code T".
It seems that sed is interpreting the colon as part of a command.
Any suggestions how i can avoid this?
EDIT:
Seems like an update error (working with old file d'oh...)
the above expression works fine as do the other suggestions.
Why are you fighting with sed for this? It's trivial in awk:
awk -v line='"error.emailNotActivated":"'"$translated"'"' '
NR==5{print line} {print}
' file
or:
awk -v line="\"error.emailNotActivated\":\"${translated}\"" '
NR==5{print line} {print}
' file
Are you looking for something like this?
$ seq 1 5 > file
$ cat file
1
2
3
4
5
$ translated="\"error.emailNotActivated\":\"This email address has not been activated yet.\""
$ echo $translated
"error.emailNotActivated":"This email address has not been activated yet."
$ sed -i "5i $translated" file
$ cat file
1
2
3
4
"error.emailNotActivated":"This email address has not been activated yet."
5
I want to send email from HP unix using mailx command.
I have to include cc and bcc in my email and have to use the specific email address as the sender.
But -r (which is to define the sender's email address) will disalbe ~ commands so if i have to define the sender's email address, i cannot use ~c and ~b commands for cc and bcc.
Is there any work around???? cos these are the requirements from the user.
Thanks.
Just re-order the arguments to mailx command. That would give the desired result
$ echo "something" | mailx -s "subject" -b bcc_user#some.com -c cc_user#some.com -r sender#some.com recipient#example.com
In my case I have to keep multiple id's in cc which has been done by giving the email-id's comma separated one by one as below:
$ echo -e "Hi Team, \n \n Action Needed \n \n Regards, \n XYZ team"| mailx -s "subject" -b bcc_user1#some.com,bcc_user2#some.com -c cc_user1#some.com,cc_user2#some.com -r sender#some.com receiver#xyz.com
Also made use of the echo command to pass multiple lines to mailx utility. Thought it will be helpful.
I have a script that runs on cron that outputs some text which we send to the 'mail' program. The general line is like this:
./command.sh | mail -s "My Subject" destination#address.com -- -F "Sender Name" -f sender#address.com
The problem is that the text generated by the script has some special characters - é, ã, ç - since it is not in english. When the e-mail is received, each character is replaced by ??.
Now I understand that this is most likely due to the encoding that is not set correctly. What is the easiest way to fix this?
My /usr/bin/mail is symlinked to /etc/alternatives/mail which is also symlinked to /usr/bin/bsd-mailx
I had to specify myself the encoding in the mail header. (The -S is not supported here.)
cat myutf8-file | mail -a "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8" -s "My Subject" me#mail.com
You're right in assuming this is a charset issue. You need to set the appropriate environment variables to the beginning of your crontab.
Something like this should work:
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8
Optionally use LC_ALL in place of LC_CTYPE.
Reference: http://opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007908799/xbd/envvar.html
Edit: The reason it displays fine when you run it in your shell is probably because the above env vars are set in your shell.
To verify, execute 'locale' in your shell, then compare to the output of a cronjob that runs the same command.
Re-Edit: Ok, so it's not an env var problem.
I am assuming you're using mailx, as it is the most common nowdays. It's manpage says:
The character set for outgoing
messages is not necessarily the same
as the one used on the terminal. If an
outgoing text message contains
characters not representable in
US-ASCII, the character set being used
must be declared within its header.
Permissible values can be declared
using the sendcharsets variable,
So, try and add the following arguments when calling mail:
-S sendcharsets=utf-8,iso-8859-1
Just to give additional information to KumZ answer:
if you need to specify more headers with the -a switch, feel free to add them up, like this (note the polyusage of -a).
echo /path/to/file | mail -s "Some subject" recipient#theirdomain.com -a "From: Human Name <noreply#mydomain.com>" -a "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8"
i've written a bash function to send an email to recipients. The function send utf-8 encoded mails and work with utf-8 chars in subject and content by doing a base64 encode.
To send a plain text email:
send_email "plain" "from#domain.com" "subject" "contents" "to#domain.com" "to2#domain.com" "to3#domain.com" ...
To send a HTML email:
send_email "html" "from#domain.com" "subject" "contents" "to#domain.com" "to2#domain.com" "to3#domain.com" ...
Here is the function code.
# Send a email to recipients.
#
# #param string $content_type Email content mime type: 'html' or 'plain'.
# #param string $from_address Sender email.
# #param string $subject Email subject.
# #param string $contents Email contents.
# #param array $recipients Email recipients.
function send_email() {
[[ ${#} -lt 5 ]] && exit 1
local content_type="${1}"
local from_address="${2}"
local subject="${3}"
local contents="${4}"
# Remove all args but recipients.
shift 4
local encoded_contents="$(base64 <<< "${contents}")"
local encoded_subject="=?utf-8?B?$(base64 --wrap=0 <<< "${subject}")?="
for recipient in ${#}; do
if [[ -n "${recipient}" ]]; then
sendmail -f "${from_address}" "${recipient}" \
<<< "Subject: ${encoded_subject}
MIME-Version: 1.0
From: ${from_address}
To: ${recipient}
Content-Type: text/${content_type}; charset=\"utf-8\"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Disposition: inline
${encoded_contents}"
fi
done
return 0
} # send_message()
You may use sendmail command directly without mail wrapper/helper.
It would allow you to generate all headers required for "raw" UTF-8 body
(UTF-8 is mentioned in asker's comments),
WARNING-1:
Non 7bit/ASCII characters in headers (e.g. Subject:,From:,To:) require special encoding
WARNING-2:
sendmail may break long lines (>990 bytes).
SENDER_ADDR=sender#address.com
SENDER_NAME="Sender Name"
RECIPIENT_ADDR=destination#address.com
(
# BEGIN of mail generation chain of commands
# "HERE" document with all headers and headers-body separator
cat << END
Subject: My Subject
From: $SENDER_NAME <$SENDER_ADDR>
To: $RECIPIENT_ADDR
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
END
# custom script to generate email body
./command.sh
# END of mail generation chain of commands
) | /usr/sbin/sendmail -i -f$SENDER_ADDR -F"$SENDER_NAME" $RECIPIENT_ADDR
rfc2045 - (5) (Soft Line Breaks) The Quoted-Printable encoding REQUIRES that encoded lines be no more than 76 characters long. For bash shell script code:
#!/bin/bash
subject_encoder(){
echo -n "$1" | xxd -ps -c3 |awk -Wposix 'BEGIN{
BASE64 = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"
printf " =?UTF-8?B?"; bli=8
}
function encodeblock (strin){
b1=sprintf("%d","0x" substr(strin,1,2))
b2=sprintf("%d","0x" substr(strin,3,2))
b3=sprintf("%d","0x" substr(strin,5,2))
o=substr(BASE64,b1/4 + 1,1) substr(BASE64,(b1%4)*16 + b2/16 + 1,1)
len=length(strin)
if(len>1) o=o substr(BASE64,(b2%16)*4 + b3/64 + 1,1); else o=o"="
if(len>2) o=o substr(BASE64,b3%64 +1 ,1); else o=o"="
return o
}{
bs=encodeblock($0)
bl=length(bs)
if((bl+bli)>64){
printf "?=\n =?UTF-8?B?"
bli=bl
}
printf bs
bli+=bl
}END{
printf "?=\n"
}'
}
SUBJECT="Relatório de utilização"
SUBJECT=`subject_encoder "${SUBJECT}"`
echo '<html>test</html>'| mail -a "Subject:${SUBJECT}" -a "MIME-Version: 1.0" -a "Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8" you#domain.net
This is probably not a command line issue, but a character set problem. Usually when sending E-Mails, the character set will be iso-8859-1. Most likely the text you are putting into the process is not iso-8859-1 encoded. Check out what the encoding is of whatever data source you are getting the text from.
Obligatory "good reading" link: The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely, Positively Must Know About Unicode and Character Sets (No Excuses!)
Re your update: In that case, if you enter the special characters manually, your terminal may be using UTF-8 encoding. You should be able to convert the file's character set using iconv for example. The alternative would be to tell mail to use UTF-8 encoding, but IIRC that is not entirely trivial.
use the option -o message-charset="utf-8", like that:
sendemail -f your_email -t destination_email -o message-charset="utf-8" -u "Subject" -m "Message" -s smtp-mail.outlook.com:587 -xu your_mail -xp your_password
I'm a bit late but none of the previous solutions worked for me.
Locating mail command (CentOS)
# locate mail | grep -v www | grep -v yum | grep -v share
# ls -l /bin/mail
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 jul 21 2016 /bin/mail -> /etc/alternatives/mail
# ls -l /etc/alternatives/mail
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 jul 21 2016 /etc/alternatives/mail -> /bin/mailx
# ls -l /bin/mailx
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 390744 dic 16 2014 /bin/mailx
So mail command is in fact mailx. This helped with the search that finally took me to this answer at Unix&Linux Stackexchange that states:
Mailx expects input text to be in Unix format, with lines separated by newline (^J, \n) characters only. Non-Unix text files that use carriage return (^M, \r) characters in addition will be treated as binary data; to send such files as text, strip these characters e. g. by tr -d '\015'
From man page and:
If there are other control characters in the file they will result on mailx treating the data as binary and will then attach it instead of using it as the body. The following will strip all special characters and place the contents of the file into the message body
So the solution is using tr command to remove those special characters. Something like this:
./command.sh \
| tr -cd "[:print:]\n" \
| mail -s "My Subject" destination#address.com -- -F "Sender Name" -f sender#address.com
I've used this solution with my command
grep -v "pattern" $file \
| grep -v "another pattern" \
| ... several greps more ... \
| tr -cd "[:print:]\n" \
| mail -s "$subject" -a $file -r '$sender' $destination_email