Below class is causing an error at line new HelloWorld :
Exception in thread "main" akka.actor.ActorInitializationException: You cannot create an instance of [HelloWorld] explicitly using the constructor (new). You have to use one of the 'actorOf' factory methods to create a new actor. See the documentation.
at akka.actor.ActorInitializationException$.apply(Actor.scala:219)
at akka.actor.Actor$class.$init$(Actor.scala:436)
at HelloWorld.<init>(HelloWorld.scala:4)
at Driver$.main(HelloWorld.scala:38)
at Driver.main(HelloWorld.scala)
So I try : val hw = actorOf(new HelloWorld)
But this causes a compiler error :
not found: value actorOf
How should HelloWorld below be implemented ?
Reading other Scala docs an act method is requried to be defined within the class that extends Actor and then invoke the start method on this class, is there a reason for using actorOf instead of defining an act method ?
Below class is taken from Scala akka docs http://doc.akka.io/docs/akka/2.2.0/scala.html :
import akka.actor.Actor
import akka.actor.Actor._
import akka.actor.Props
class HelloWorld extends Actor {
override def preStart(): Unit = {
// create the greeter actor
val greeter = context.actorOf(Props[Greeter], "greeter")
// tell it to perform the greeting
greeter ! Greeter.Greet
}
def receive = {
// when the greeter is done, stop this actor and with it the application
case Greeter.Done => context.stop(self)
}
object Greeter {
case object Greet
case object Done
}
class Greeter extends Actor {
def receive = {
case Greeter.Greet =>
println("Hello World!")
sender ! Greeter.Done
}
}
}
object Driver {
def main(args: Array[String]) {
new HelloWorld
}
}
You need to edit your main as shown below. Secondly, in line-5, you need to change it to context.actorOf(Props(new Greeter)). This is because your Greeter does not have apply function defined, hence you need to manually create Greeter object yourself.
Working code below:
import akka.actor.ActorSystem
class HelloWorld extends Actor {
override def preStart(): Unit = {
// create the greeter actor
val greeter = context.actorOf(Props(new Greeter), "greeter")//line 5
// tell it to perform the greeting
greeter ! Greeter.Greet
}
def receive = {
// when the greeter is done, stop this actor and with it the application
case Greeter.Done => context.stop(self)
}
object Greeter {
case object Greet
case object Done
}
class Greeter extends Actor {
def receive = {
case Greeter.Greet =>
println("Hello World!")
sender ! Greeter.Done
}
}
}
object Driver {
def main(args: Array[String]) {
val system = ActorSystem("Main")
val ac = system.actorOf(Props[HelloWorld])
}
}
If you want to use your main class do the following:
import akka.actor.{ActorSystem, Props}
object Driver extends App {
val system = ActorSystem("System")
val hw = system.actorOf(Props[HelloWorld], name = "hw")
}
Which will create a new actor system and then create the HelloWorld actor using that actor system.
You can also follow the akka instructions:
set Akka.Main as the main class and give the program "com.example.HelloWorld" as argument.
val greeter = context.actorOf(Props(new Greeter), "greeter")//line 5
I don't think you need to have a new keyword there for Greeter. I believe the Props does that for you already. If anything having a new should be a
Related
I have a actor hierarchy which I would like to test for error scenarios - actually test a applied supervisors strategies. I need to modify an actor's receive method - for a message to fail the actor. I found a stackable trait pattern but cannot make it work. My code follows:
trait FailActor extends Actor {
abstract override def receive = LoggingReceive {
fail.orElse(super.receive)
}
def fail:Receive = {
case "fail" => throw new RuntimeException("Test")
}
}
class AddressTranslatorFailActor(storage: ActorRef) extends AddressTranslatorActor(storage) with FailActor
And in the test passing this failing actor:
val probe = TestProbe()
val addressServiceProps = Props {
new AddressServiceActor {
override def translateAddressProps = classOf[AddressTranslatorFailActor]
}
}
where AddressService acctor is defined as follows:
class AddressServiceActor extends Actor with ActorLogging {
def translateAddressProps: Class[_<:AddressTranslatorActor] = classOf[AddressTranslatorActor]
...
But still getting the "fail" message un-handeled.
Any hints?
I have the following trait
trait MyTrait{
def printHelloWorld(){
println("hello world")
}
}
case object SayHello
class MyActor extends Actor with MyTrait{
def recieve = {
case SayHello => printHelloWorld
}
}
Now I'm trying to create Unit Test which test then Say Hello Object invokes printing hello message
"My Actor" should{
"println hello msg if SayHello sent" in{
val myTraitMock = mock[MyTrait]
val myActor = system.actorOf(Props(new MyActor))
myActor ! SayHello
Thread.sleep(500)
there was atLeastOne(myTraitMock).printHelloMessage
}
}
However this unit test is always green. Even if I replace this method with simple println method.
Is there any other method to test such case?
How about this:
trait MyActor extends Actor{self:MyTrait
def recieve = {
case SayHello => printHelloWorld
}
}
class MyMainActor extends MyActor with MyTrait
"My Actor" should{
"println hello msg if SayHello sent" in{
class MockActor extends MyActor with SomeMyTrait
val x = new MockActor
val myActor = system.actorOf(Props(x))
myActor ! SayHello
Thread.sleep(500)
there was atLeastOne(x).printHelloMessage
}
In general for actors, I am not a fan of above like testing.
Akka Test-kit is brilliant. I would highly recommend looking at it.
In which I would do :
trait MyTrait{
def printHelloWorld(){
println("hello world")
}
}
case object SayHello
case object Printed
class MyActor extends Actor with MyTrait{
def recieve = {
case SayHello => printHelloWorld
sender ! Printed
}
}
import akka.actor.ActorSystem
import akka.testkit.{ TestProbe, ImplicitSender, TestKit }
import org.scalatest.matchers.ShouldMatchers
import org.scalatest.{ BeforeAndAfterAll, FunSuite }
import scala.concurrent.duration._
class MyTest extends TestKit(ActorSystem("MyTest1"))
with FunSuite
with BeforeAndAfterAll
with ShouldMatchers
with ImplicitSender{
override def afterAll() { system.shutdown() }
test("MyTrait is called when triggered") {
val x = TestProbe()
val myActor = system.actorOf(Props(new MyActor))
myActor.send(x, SayHello)
x.expectMsg(Printed)
}
I know that it's an old question, but I had the same use case (fire and forget) and I came up with a simple solution using Probe:
case object SayHello
class MyActor(f: () => Unit) extends Actor{ // pass function as a parameter
def receive = {
case SayHello => f()
}
}
now if you want to create a test:
"test" {
val probe = TestProbe()
case object Executed
def mockF():Unit = {
println("test")
probe.ref ! Executed
}
val testActor = TestActorRef(Props(new MyActor(mockF)))
testActor ! SayHello
//probe.expectMsg blocks the thread, so it'll wait for Executed message.
probe.expectMsgPF(){case Executed => 1}
}
If you don't want to pass a function as a parameter then you can do the same thing with trait:
trait MyTraitImpl extends MyTrait{
def printHelloWorld(){
println("hello world")
}
}
trait MyTrait{
def printHelloWorld()
}
case object SayHello
class MyActor extends Actor{
myTrait:MyTrait =>
def receive = {
case SayHello => printHelloWorld
}
}
and test:
"test" {
val probe = TestProbe()
case object Executed
trait MyTraitMock extends MyTrait{
def printHelloWorld(){
println("hello world")
probe.ref ! Executed
}
}
val testActor = TestActorRef(Props(new MyActor() with MyTraitMock))
testActor ! SayHello
probe.expectMsgPF(){case Executed => 1}
}
You can test on what is printed to the EventFilter. So if your actor would print message like that:
case _ => log.info(printMessage)
you can then test
EventFilter.info(start="hello world", occurences=1).intercept {
MyActor ! SayHello
}
I have a parent actor named "manager" which creates several child actors.
These child actors then send back their response via "sender tell", i.e directly back to "manager".
I want to create a unit test for this manager actor, and therefore need to inject a probe to forward the messages from the manager to its children.
I used the following post:
http://www.superloopy.io/articles/2013/injecting-akka-testprobe.html
However i'm still having some trouble getting this done correctly.
In order to simplify the situation, attached is code describing the actors and unit test i wrote for just one child.
Manager class:
trait ManagerChildProvider {
def createTimestampPointChild: Actor
}
trait ProductionManagerChildProvider extends ManagerChildProvider {
def createTimestampPointChild = new TimeDifferenceCalculationActor
}
object Manager {
def apply() = new Manager("cid1") with ProductionManagerChildProvider
}
class Manager(name: String) extends Actor with ActorLogging {
this: ManagerChildProvider =>
#Autowired private val modelParams = new ModelParams //list of parameters
val timeDifference = context.actorOf(Props(createTimestampPointChild))
def receive = {
case p#TimePoint(tPoint) =>
timeDifference ! p
case _ =>
log.error("Unknown message type")
}
}
Child class:
class TimeDifferenceCalculationActor extends Actor with ActorLogging {
var previousTimestamp: Long = -1
def receive = {
case tPoint(timestamp) =>
if (previousTimestamp != -1) {
sender ! Result(1)
}
case _ =>
log.error("Unknown message type")
}
}
Test class:
object BarSpec {
class Wrapper(target: ActorRef) extends Actor {
def receive = {
case x => target forward x
}
}
}
trait ChildrenProvider {
def newFoo: Actor
}
class BarSpec extends TestKitSpec("BarSpec") {
import Manager._
import BarSpec._
trait TestCase {
val probe = TestProbe()
trait TestChildrenProvider extends ManagerChildProvider {
def newBar = new Wrapper(probe.ref)
}
val actor = system.actorOf(Props(new Manager(componentId = "cid1") with TestChildrenProvider))
}
"Bar" should {
"involve child in doing something" in new TestCase {
actor ! tPoint(1)
actor ! tPoint(2)
probe.expectMsg(tPoint(1))
//probe.reply("ReplyFromChild")
//expectMsg("ReplyFromParent")
}
}
}
Additional test class:
abstract class TestKitSpec(name: String) extends TestKit(ActorSystem(name)) with MustMatchers with BeforeAndAfterAll with ImplicitSender with WordSpecLike{
override def afterAll() {
system.shutdown()
}
}
Currently i get the following errors:
Error:(36, 42) object creation impossible, since method > createTimestampPointChild in trait ManagerChildProvider of > type => akka.actor.Actor is not defined
val actor = system.actorOf(Props(new Manager(componentId = "cid1") with TestChildrenProvider))
Error:(11, 16) overriding method run in trait BeforeAndAfterAll of type > (testName: Option[String], args: > org.scalatest.Args)org.scalatest.Status;
method run in trait WordSpecLike of type (testName: Option[String], > args: org.scalatest.Args)org.scalatest.Status needs `abstract override' > modifiers
abstract class TestKitSpec(name: String) extends > TestKit(ActorSystem(name))
any help with these specific errors or with the task in general would be highly appreciated
Akka and Scala newbie here, please feel free to edit the question as necessary in order to clearly articulate my intent in the domain of Scala and Akka.
Before I show code snippets, here's the problem I want to solve: I essentially want to develop a common module for my team to use when they're developing their applications using Akka actors. I want to allow them to mixin a trait which will extend their receive functionality at runtime, mainly for logging purposes. I'm running into compile errors, which I'll explain soon.
But first, take for example, a simple main:
object Test extends App {
val system = ActorSystem("system")
val myActor = system.actorOf(Props(new MyActor), "myActor")
myActor ! "Hello world!"
}
Here's an example implementation of an actor that a team member might implement in his application:
class MyActor extends Actor with ActorLogger {
override def receive: Receive = {
case msg => {
log.info("testing ...")
}
case _ => throw new RuntimeException("Runtime Ex")
}
}
And here's an example of how I would provide a common trait for them to mixin:
trait ActorLogger extends Actor {
val log: DiagnosticLoggingAdapter = Logging(this)
abstract override def receive: Receive = {
case msg: Any => {
if (msg.isInstanceOf[String]) {
println("enter")
log.mdc(Map[String, Any]("someKey" -> 123))
super.receive(msg)
log.clearMDC()
println("exit")
}
}
case _ => throw new RuntimeException("Runtime Ex")
}
}
As you can see, I'm trying to add data to an MDC if the message so happens to be String (a basic example, in reality, I would check for some custom type of our own).
The error I get is:
Error:(29, 16) overriding method receive in trait ActorLogger of type =>
MyActor.this.Receive;
method receive needs `abstract override' modifiers
override def receive: Receive = {
^
What's wrong here? And is stackable traits the right to go away to achieve something like this? If not, what is the most idiomatic way?
More generally, is there another pattern being applied here besides "interceptor" pattern?
Thanks for all the help!
A solution without a hack with akka package:
import akka.actor.{Actor, ActorSystem, Props}
trait MyActorExtension extends Actor {
def receiveExtension: Receive = PartialFunction.empty
}
abstract class MyActor extends MyActorExtension {
protected def receiveMsg: Receive
def receive: Receive = receiveExtension orElse receiveMsg
}
trait ActorLogger1 extends MyActor with MyActorExtension {
abstract override def receiveExtension = {
case msg =>
println(s"********** Logging # 1: $msg")
super.receiveExtension.applyOrElse(msg, receiveMsg)
}
}
trait ActorLogger2 extends MyActor with MyActorExtension {
abstract override def receiveExtension = {
case msg =>
println(s"########## Logging # 2: $msg")
super.receiveExtension.applyOrElse(msg, receiveMsg)
}
}
class SpecificActor extends MyActor with ActorLogger1 with ActorLogger2 {
def receiveMsg = {
case someMsg =>
println(s"SpecificActor: $someMsg")
}
}
object Test extends App {
val system = ActorSystem("system")
val mySpecificActor = system.actorOf(Props(new SpecificActor), "SpecificActor")
mySpecificActor ! "Hello world!"
}
#### Logging # 2: Hello world!
****** Logging # 1: Hello world!
SpecificActor: Hello world!
aroundReceive is for Akka internal use and the stackable trair pattern is not that comfortable for this case.
I recommend you using Receive Pipeline for easy message interception.
I think that you need something like this
package akka
import akka.MsgsProt._
import akka.actor.{ Actor, ActorSystem, Props }
import scala.concurrent.duration._
sealed trait MsgProt
object MsgsProt {
case object FooMsg extends MsgProt
case object BarMsg extends MsgProt
}
trait Foo extends Actor {
override protected[akka] def aroundReceive(receive: Actor.Receive, msg: Any): Unit = msg match {
case FooMsg => println("Foo message")
case msg => super.aroundReceive(receive, msg)
}
}
trait Bar extends Actor {
override protected[akka] def aroundReceive(receive: Actor.Receive, msg: Any): Unit = msg match {
case BarMsg => println("Bar message")
case msg => super.aroundReceive(receive, msg)
}
}
class MyActor extends Actor with Foo with Bar {
override def receive: Actor.Receive = {
case _ => println("Nothing I know")
}
}
object Foo extends App {
val system = ActorSystem("foobar")
val myActor = system.actorOf(Props[MyActor])
implicit val timeout = 2 seconds
myActor ! FooMsg
myActor ! BarMsg
myActor ! "wrong message"
system.awaitTermination(10 seconds)
}
The output of this program is:
Foo message
Bar message
Nothing I know
Most important part is that package declaration - akka. Because method aroundReceive is limited only to akka package so you have to have some.package.akka and inside you can use that method aroundReceive. I think that it looks more like a hack not a solution but works. You can see more usage of this inside Akka itself ex. akka.DiagnosticActorLogging. But this is basically solution that you want to do with stacking Actors behaviour.
I have an actor
import akka.actor.{Props, Actor}
import scala.reflect.ClassTag
class MyActor1[T<: Actor: ClassTag] extends Actor {
//....
}
import akka.actor.{Props, Actor}
import scala.reflect.ClassTag
class MyActor2[T <: Actor: ClassTag] extends Actor {
def receive = {
case Start =>
val actor1 = context actorOf Props[MyActor3] //MyActor3 is another actor
actor1 ! Get
case Result(ids: List[Int]) =>
val myActor1List = ids map { new MyActor1[T](_) }
myActor1List foreach { _ ! SomeMessage } // error: "!" is not a member of MyActor1[T]
}
}
The error is "!" is not a member of MyActor1[T]
That is because ! is a member of ActorRef, not Actor. You should always access actors via ActorRefs, not via instances of your classes that extend Actor directly.
Your myActor1List contains instances of class MyActor1, instead of ActorRefs. Create your actors by calling context.actorOf[MyActor1] instead of instantiating MyActor1 objects directly.
You're already doing it in your own code. Notice the difference between:
// Create an actor and get an ActorRef
val actor1 = context actorOf Props[MyActor3]
// Create instances of your actor class directly
val myActor1List = ids map { new MyActor1[T](_) }