I'm trying to set up a simple backup process for a folder on my C drive that will back that folder up to another location on the network. I know how to create a scheduled task but I'm struggling to understand why my command prompt code won't work - I'm a novice when it comes to the Command Prompt though!
So my question is two fold:
Why does echo %variableName% not return the variable value - it only returns %variableName%.
This is what I type in:
#echo off
set varA = 5
echo %varA%
%varA% <- This is what its popping out
Do I need different preceeding and succeeding characters for this?
I want to create a folder with the date for the name (I do realize that are quite a few questions out there on this but they didn't work), how do I do it?
Here is what I tried:
set folder_name = %DATE:/=_%
set folder_name <- Display value for folder_name
folder_name = Wed 11_06_2013 <- Actual value
When I try to do this:
mkdir %folder_name%
dir
Creates a folder with this %_date% as the name.
Where am I going wrong?
Thanks
Space is significant in SET statements.
SET varspace=spacevalue
will set a variable named "varspace" to "spacevalue"
Remove the spaces and it should be plain sailing...
Oh - except that if the variable contains a space, then commands such as MD or mkdir (which are synonyms) require "rabbits ears" around the value, thus:
mkdir "%folder_name%"
Related
-- Edit : Resolved. See answer.
Background:
I'm writing a shell that will perform some extra actions required on our system when someone resizes a database.
The shell is written in ksh (requirement), the OS is Solaris 5.10 .
The problem is with one of the checks, which verifies there's enough free space on the underlying OS.
Problem:
The check reads the df -k line for root, which is what I check in this step, and prints it to a file. I then "read" the contents into variables which I use in calculations.
Unfortunately, when I try to run an arithmetic operation on one of the variables, I get an error indicating it is null. And a debug output line I've placed after that line verifies that it is null... It lost it's value...
I've tried every method of doing this I could find online, they work when I run it manually, but not inside the shell file.
(* The file does have #!/usr/bin/ksh)
Code:
df -k | grep "rpool/ROOT" > dftest.out
RPOOL_NAME=""; declare -i TOTAL_SIZE=0; USED_SPACE=0; AVAILABLE_SPACE=0; AVAILABLE_PERCENT=0; RSIGN=""
read RPOOL_NAME TOTAL_SIZE USED_SPACE AVAILABLE_SPACE AVAILABLE_PERCENT RSIGN < dftest.out
\rm dftest.out
echo $RPOOL_NAME $TOTAL_SIZE $USED_SPACE $AVAILABLE_SPACE $AVAILABLE_PERCENT $RSIGN
((TOTAL_SIZE=$TOTAL_SIZE/1024))
This is the result:
DBResize.sh[11]: TOTAL_SIZE=/1024: syntax error
I'm pulling hairs at this point, any help would be appreciated.
The code you posted cannot produce the output you posted. Most obviously, the error is signalled at line 11 but you posted fewer than 11 lines of code. The previous lines may matter. Always post complete code when you ask for help.
More concretely, the declare command doesn't exist in ksh, it's a bash thing. You can achieve the same result with typeset (declare is a bash equivalent to typeset, but not all options are the same). Either you're executing this script with bash, or there's another error message about declare, or you've defined some additional commands including declare which may change the behavior of this code.
None of this should have an impact on the particular problem that you're posting about, however. The variables created by read remain assigned until the end of the subshell, i.e. until the code hits a ), the end of a pipe (left-hand side of the pipe only in ksh), etc.
About the use of declare or typeset, note that you're only declaring TOTAL_SIZE as an integer. For the other variables, you're just assigning a value which happens to consist exclusively of digits. It doesn't matter for the code you posted, but it's probably not what you meant.
One thing that may be happening is that grep matches nothing, and therefore read reads an empty line. You should check for errors. Use set -e in scripts to exit at the first error. (There are cases where set -e doesn't catch errors, but it's a good start.)
Another thing that may be happening is that df is splitting its output onto multiple lines because the first column containing the filesystem name is too large. To prevent this splitting, pass the option -P.
Using a temporary file is fragile: the code may be executed in a read-only directory, another process may want to access the same file at the same time... Here a temporary file is useless. Just pipe directly into read. In ksh (unlike most other sh variants including bash), the right-hand side of a pipe runs in the main shell, so assignments to variables in the right-hand side of a pipe remain available in the following commands.
It doesn't matter in this particular script, but you can use a variable without $ in an arithmetic expression. Using $ substitutes a string which can have confusing results, e.g. a='1+2'; $((a*3)) expands to 7. Not using $ uses the numerical value (in ksh, a='1+2'; $((a*3)) expands to 9; in some sh implementations you get an error because a's value is not numeric).
#!/usr/bin/ksh
set -e
typeset -i TOTAL_SIZE=0 USED_SPACE=0 AVAILABLE_SPACE=0 AVAILABLE_PERCENT=0
df -Pk | grep "rpool/ROOT" | read RPOOL_NAME TOTAL_SIZE USED_SPACE AVAILABLE_SPACE AVAILABLE_PERCENT RSIGN
echo $RPOOL_NAME $TOTAL_SIZE $USED_SPACE $AVAILABLE_SPACE $AVAILABLE_PERCENT $RSIGN
((TOTAL_SIZE=TOTAL_SIZE/1024))
Strange...when I get rid of your "declare" line, your original code seems to work perfectly well (at least with ksh on Linux)
The code :
#!/bin/ksh
df -k | grep "/home" > dftest.out
read RPOOL_NAME TOTAL_SIZE USED_SPACE AVAILABLE_SPACE AVAILABLE_PERCENT RSIGN < dftest.out
\rm dftest.out
echo $RPOOL_NAME $TOTAL_SIZE $USED_SPACE $AVAILABLE_SPACE $AVAILABLE_PERCENT $RSIGN
((TOTAL_SIZE=$TOTAL_SIZE/1024))
print $TOTAL_SIZE
The result :
32962416 5732492 25552588 19% /home
5598
Which are the value a simple df -k is returning. The variables seem to last.
For those interested, I have figured out that it is not possible to use "read" the way I was using it.
The variable values assigned by "read" simply "do not last".
To remedy this, I have applied the less than ideal solution of using the standard "while read" format, and inside the loop, echo selected variables into a variable file.
Once said file was created, I just "loaded" it.
(pseudo code:)
LOOP START
echo "VAR_A="$VAR_A"; VAR_B="$VAR_B";" > somefile.out
LOOP END
. somefile.out
I'd like to create a cd function which expands on the current cd function which (on my machine) lives at /usr/local/Cellar/fish/2.6.0/share/fish/functions/cd.fish. Is this possible?
So something like this:
function cd
if i_can_handle_it
do_my_thing_with $argv
else
call /usr/local/Cellar/fish/2.6.0/share/fish/functions/cd.fish $argv
end
end
You can't have two functions with the same name. You can have a builtin, function, and external command with the same name. The standard solution to this problem is to first rename the function you want to wrap: functions -c cd cd2. Then define your cd function that calls cd2. Note that this works regardless of whether cd has already been run and thus defined because changing the name first causes it to be autoloaded.
I am running a matlab-script that produces a figure. To save this figure I use:
print(h_f,'-dpng','-r600','filename.png')
What this means is that if I don't change filename for each time I run the script, the figure filename.png will be overwritten.
Is there a way to save a figure to a default name, e.g. untitled.png, and then when the script is run twice it will make a new figure untitled(1).png instead of overwriting the original one?
You could create a new filename based on the number of existing files
defaultName = 'untitled';
fileName = sprintf('%s_%d.png', defaultName, ...
length(dir([defaultName '_*.png'])));
print(h_f,'-dpng','-r600', fileName)
Add a folder path to your dir search path if the files aren't located in your current working directory.
This will create a 0-index file name list
untitled_0.png
untitled_1.png
untitled_2.png
untitled_3.png
...
You could also use tempname to generate a long random name for each iteration. Unique for most cases, see section Limitations.
print(h_f,'-dpng','-r600', [tempname(pwd) '.png'])
The input argument (pwd in the example) is needed if you do not want to save the files in your TEMPDIR
You can try something like this:
for jj=1:N
name_image=sscanf('filename','%s') ;
ext=sscanf('.png','%s') ;
%%do your stuff
filename=strcat(name_image,num2str(jj),ext);
print(h_f,'-dpng','-r600',filename)
end
If you want to execute your script multiple time (because you don't want to use a "for") just declare a variable (for example jjthat will be incremented at the end of the script:
jj=jj+1;
Be careful to don't delete this variable and, when you start again your script, you will use the next value of jj to compose the name of the new image.
This is just an idea
I apologize in advance that this question is not specific. But my goal is to take a bunch of image files, which are currently named as: 0.tif, 1.tif, 2.tif, etc... and rename them just as numbers to 000.tif, 001.tif, 002.tif, ... , 010.tif, etc...
The reason I want to do this is because I am trying to load the images into matlab and for batch processing but matlab does not order them correctly. I use the dir command as dir(*.tif) to get all the images and load them into an array of files that I can iterate over and process, but in this array element 1 is 0.tif, element 2 is 1.tif, element 3 is 10.tif, element 4 is 100.tif, and so on.
I want to keep the ordering of the elements as I process them. However, I do not care if I have to change the order of the elements BEFORE processing them (i.e. I can make it work to rename, for example, 2.tif to 10.tif if I had to) but I am looking for a way to convert the file names the way I initially described.
If there is a better way to get matlab to properly order the files when it loads them into the array using dir please let me know because that would be much easier.
Thanks!!
You can do this without having to rename the files, if you want. When you grab the files using dir, you'll have a list of files like so:
files =
'0.tif'
'1.tif'
'10.tif'
...
You can grab just the numeric part using regexp:
nums = regexp(files,'\d+','match');
nums = str2double([nums{:}]);
nums =
0 1 10 11 12 ...
regexp returns its matches as a cell-array, the second line converts it back to actual numbers.
We can now get an actual numeric order by sorting the resulting array:
[~,order] = sort(nums);
and then put the files in the correct order:
files = files(order);
This should (I haven't tested it, I don't have a folder full of numerically labelled files handy) produce a list of files like so:
files=
'0.tif'
'1.tif'
'2.tif'
'3.tif'
...
this is partially dependent on the version of matlab you have. If you have a version with findstr this should work well
num_files_to_rename = numel(name_array);
for ii=1:num_files_to_rename
%in my test i used cells to store my strings you may need to
%change the bracket type for your application
curr_file = name_array{ii};
%locates the period in the file name (assume there is only one)
period_idx = findstr(curr_file ,'.');
%takes everything to the left of the period (excluding the period)
file_name = str2num(curr_file(1:period_idx-1));
%zeropads the file name to 3 spaces using a 0
new_file_name = sprintf('%03d.tiff',file_name)
%you can uncomment this after you are sure it works as you planned
%movefile(curr_file, new_file_name);
end
the actual rename operation movefile is commented out for now. make sure the output names are as you expect before uncommenting it and renaming all the files.
EDIT there is no real error checking in this code, it just assumes every file name has one and only one period, and an actual number as the name
The Batch file below do the rename of the files you want:
#echo off
setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion
for /F "delims=" %%f in ('dir /B *.tif') do (
set "name=00%%~Nf"
ren "%%f" "!name:~-3!.tif"
)
Note that this solution preserve the same order of your original files, even if there are missing numbers in the sequence..
I'm using tshell to connect to a device and I need to check if a given path is a file or directory.
I was hoping to use the cmd-device function which runs cmd commands on the device, but there doesn't seem to be a cmd command to do this.
Does someone have a way to check whether a given path is to a directory or to a file using the standard cmd functions?
Since you have PowerShell tagged in your question, one option would be to check the object type returned by the Get-Item cmdlet.
(Get-Item C:\Windows) -is [System.IO.DirectoryInfo]
# Shorter version
(gi C:\Windows) -is [IO.DirectoryInfo]
The usual test for a folder existence is
if exist "x:\somewhere\" echo FOLDER FOUND
but, in some cases (i know the case of novell netware redirector) the previous condition will always evaluate to true, both when "x:\somewhere" is a file or when it is a folder
One alternative can be
#echo off
setlocal enableextensions
set "target=c:\windows"
set "what=NOT EXIST"
for %%a in ("%target%") do for /f "delims=r-" %%b in ("%%~aa%%~za"
) do if "%%b"=="d" ( set "what=FOLDER" ) else ( set "what=FILE" )
echo %what%
endlocal
Check for the presence of an initial d in the list of attributes of the file/folder.
Each of the attributes in the list can be a letter (depending on the attribute) or a dash.
The two first are d for directory and r for readonly. So, second for uses r- as delimiters to separate the possible d from the rest of attributes.
If the file does not have any attributes set, the tokenizer in for command will eliminate all the dashes, non assigning data to the replaceable parameter and in consecuence not executing the code inside the do clause. To avoid it, %%~za (the size of the element) is appended to the string, so, there will always be data to be processed if the file/folder exists. If it does not exist, the expresion %%~aa%%~za is evaluated to a empty string and the code in the do clause will not execute.