The 'e' language has a 'ilog2' function but I need a 'ceiling of log2' type function - what's the best way to do this?
I could invoke a Perl through the system command and use POSIX::ceil...
Invoking perl script might be computational expensive. Instead add 0.5 to log2 and typecast (not sure if e-language supports it) to integer.
Another try:
Let y = ilog2(x);
if ((x & x-1) == 0) //Check if x is power of 2
return y;
else
return y+1;
I would have done something like this:
ceil_log2(in : uint): uint is {
var bottom := ilog2(in);
result = (in == ipow(2,bottom)) ? bottom : bottom + 1;
};
If you don't mind doing it in real:
ceil_log2(in: uint): uint is {
result = ceil(log10(in)/log10(2)).as_a(uint);
};
Related
My doubt is about the basic theory of "or logical operator". Especifically, logical OR returns true only if either one operand is true.
For instance, in this OR expression (x<O || x> 8) using x=5 when I evalute the 2 operand, I interpret it as both of them are false.
But I have an example that does not fit wiht it rule. On the contrary the expression works as range between 0 and 8, both included.
Following the code:
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
int x ; //This is the variable for being evaluated
do
{
printf("Imput a figure between 1 and 8 : ");
scanf("%i", &x);
}
while ( x < 1 || x > 8); // Why this expression write in this way determinate the range???
{
printf("Your imput was ::: %d ",x);
printf("\n");
}
printf("\n");
}
I have modified my first question. I really appreciate any helpo in order to clarify my doubt
In advance, thank you very much. Otto
It's not a while loop; it's a do ... while loop. The formatting makes it hard to see. Reformatted:
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) {
int x;
// Execute the code in the `do { }` block once, no matter what.
// Keep executing it again and again, so long as the condition
// in `while ( )` is true.
do {
printf("Imput a figure between 1 and 8 : ");
scanf("%i", &x);
} while (x < 1 || x > 8);
// This creates a new scope. While perfectly valid C,
// this does absolutely nothing in this particular case here.
{
printf("Your imput was ::: %d ",x);
printf("\n");
}
printf("\n");
}
The block with the two printf calls is not part of the loop. The while (x < 1 || x > 8) makes it so that the code in the do { } block runs, so long as x < 1 or x > 8. In other words, it runs until x is between 1 and 8. This has the effect of asking the user to input a number again and again, until they finally input a number that's between 1 and 8.
Introduction: Hi, everyone! I'm new to VB6! How can I make a code that tells VB6 that tells VB6 that you're inputting something other than Whole numbers?
Details: I'm making an arithmetic progression calculator (I think the code is not needed? but I'll just provide just in case.) Here is my code:
Option Explicit
Private Sub btCalc_Click()
Dim A As Long
Dim N As Long
Dim D As Long
Dim R As Long
Dim F As Long
A = Val(txtInitterm.Text)
N = Val(txtTermint.Text)
D = Val(txtFinterm.Text)
R = Val(txtTermint.Text)
F = N / 2 * (2 * A + (N - 1) * D)
lblOutput.Caption = F
End Sub
and I wanna notify or tell VB6 that I'm putting in a fraction, not an integer and uses that fraction to do operations.
NOTE: String Fraction to Value in VBA this doesn't answer my question... :D
Thank you for helping me, everyone! it's much appreciated.
There is no Application.Evaluate(...) in Vb6 like in VBA, so you have to do it like the "question" in "String Fraction to Value in VBA". Extract the logic to a function for re-use, and replace the Val(...) calls with the function for use.
Something like below would likely work, although you may want to provide better error handling in the obvious bad-math cases. I simply return zero and mark them with a comment.
Option Explicit
Private Sub btCalc_Click()
Dim A As Long, N As Long, D As Long, R As Long, F As Long
A = GetFrac(txtInitterm)
N = GetFrac(txtTermint)
D = GetFrac(txtFinterm)
R = GetFrac(txtTermint)
F = N / 2 * (2 * A + (N - 1) * D)
lblOutput.Caption = F
End Sub
Public Function GetFrac(ByVal S As String) As Double
GetFrac = 0 ' default return on error
If InStr(S, "/") = 0 Then GetFrac = Val(S): Exit Function
Dim P() As String, N As Double, D As Double
P = Split(S, "/")
If UBound(P) <> 1 Then Exit Function ' bad input -- multiple /'s
N = Val(P(0))
D = Val(P(1))
If D = 0 Then Exit Function ' div by 0
GetFrac = N / D
End Function
In simulink, I made some model using "MATLAB function"block
but I met error message here.
here is code and error message.
function [VTAS,postVTAS]=fcn(mode,initialVTAS,a,t,preVTAS)
if mode == 1
VTAS = initialVTAS + (a * t) ;
postVTAS = VTAS;
elseif mode == 2
datasize = length(preVTAS);
lastvalue = preVTAS(datasize);
VTAS = lastvalue + 0;
postVTAS = VTAS;
end
end
Output argument 'VTAS' is not assigned on some execution paths.
Function 'MATLAB Function' (#36.25.28), line 1, column 26:
"fcn"
Launch diagnostic report.
I think there is no problem about output "VTAS"
please teach me what is a problems.
As the compiler tells you, under some circumstances there is no output value assigned to VTAS. The reason is that you only assign values to that output if mode is 1 or 2. The compiler doesn't know what values are feasible for mode. To remedy this, you need to make sure that VTAS is assigned under any and all circumstances.
This could be accomplished by, e.g. adding an else construct, like so:
function [VTAS,postVTAS]=fcn(mode,initialVTAS,a,t,preVTAS)
if mode == 1
VTAS = initialVTAS + (a * t) ;
postVTAS = VTAS;
elseif mode == 2
datasize = length(preVTAS);
lastvalue = preVTAS(datasize);
VTAS = lastvalue + 0;
postVTAS = VTAS;
else
VTAS = NaN;
postVTAS = NaN;
end
end
Edit:
Additionally, it would be good practice for the else case to throw an error. This would be helpful for debugging.
As a minor note, for every case, postVTAS is equal to VTAS, so essentially it is superfluous to return both from the function.
I am developing an application in which I want to add echo effect in recorded audio files using objective-c.
I am using DIRAC to add other effect e.g. man to women, slow, fast.
now I have to make Robot voice of recorded voice. for robot voice I need to add echo effect
Please help me to do this
Echo is pretty simple. You need a delay line, and little multiplication. Assuming one channel and audio already represented in floating point, a delay line would look something like this (in C-like pseudo-code):
int LENGTH = samplerate * seconds; //seconds is the desired length of the delay in seconds
float buffer[ LENGTH ];
int readIndex = 0, writeIndex = LENGTH - 1;
float delayLine.readNext( float x ) {
float ret = buffer[readIndex];
++readIndex;
if( readIndex >= LENGTH )
readIndex = 0;
return ret;
}
void delayLine.writeNext( float x ) {
buffer[ writeIndex ] = x;
++writeIndex;
if( writeIndex >= LENGTH )
writeIndex = 0;
}
Don't forget to initialize the buffer to all zeros.
So that's your delay line. Basic usage would be this:
float singleDelay( float x ) {
delayLine.writeNext(x);
return delayLine.readNext( x );
}
But you won't hear much difference: it'll just come out later. If you want to hear a single echo, you'll need something like this:
float singleEcho( float x, float g ) {
delayLine.writeNext(x);
return x + g * delayLine.readNext( x );
}
where g is some constant, usually between zero and one.
Now say you want a stream of echos: "HELLO... Hello... hello... h..." like that. You just need to do a bit more work:
float echo( float x, float g ) {
float ret = x + g * delayLine.readNext( x );
delayLine.writeNext( ret );
return ret;
}
Notice how the output of the whole thing is getting fed back into the delay line this time, rather than the input. In this case, it's very important that |g| < 1.
You may run into issues of denormals here. I can't recall if that's an issue on iOS, but I don't think so.
I'm new to Matlab and now learning the basic grammar.
I've written the file GetBin.m:
function res = GetBin(num_bin, bin, val)
if val >= bin(num_bin - 1)
res = num_bin;
else
for i = (num_bin - 1) : 1
if val < bin(i)
res = i;
end
end
end
and I call it with:
num_bin = 5;
bin = [48.4,96.8,145.2,193.6]; % bin stands for the intermediate borders, so there are 5 bins
fea_val = GetBin(num_bin,bin,fea(1,1)) % fea is a pre-defined 280x4096 matrix
It returns error:
Error in GetBin (line 2)
if val >= bin(num_bin - 1)
Output argument "res" (and maybe others) not assigned during call to
"/Users/mac/Documents/MATLAB/GetBin.m>GetBin".
Could anybody tell me what's wrong here? Thanks.
You need to ensure that every possible path through your code assigns a value to res.
In your case, it looks like that's not the case, because you have a loop:
for i = (num_bins-1) : 1
...
end
That loop will never iterate (so it will never assign a value to res). You need to explicitly specify that it's a decrementing loop:
for i = (num_bins-1) : -1 : 1
...
end
For more info, see the documentation on the colon operator.
for i = (num_bin - 1) : -1 : 1