In f90 I need to encode a 30 character string as real/double and recover it in a different place from this real/double number. How to do that?
Thanks,
Mark
I wouldn't use doubles, I'd use integers. Specifically an array of integers. And the intrinsic functions ichar and achar that convert a character to its ASCII equivalent and back (respectively).
You could whip this up easily:
program string_to_int
implicit none
integer :: mystring_int(30), i
character(len=30) :: mystring
mystring = "Fortran is the best language!!"
do i=1,30
mystring_int(i) = ichar(mystring(i:i))
enddo
print *,mystring_int
call read_back_int(mystring_int)
contains
subroutine read_back_int(cvar)
integer, intent(in) :: cvar(:)
character(len=size(cvar)) :: substring
integer :: i
do i=1,size(cvar)
substring(i:i) = achar(cvar(i))
enddo
print *,substring
end subroutine read_back_int
end program string_to_int
Using the (intrinsic) function sizeof, it shows me that the character string is 30 bytes while integer array is 120 bytes. If you really want to use double, then replacing integer with real(kind=c_double) (which requires the iso_c_binding module) would do the trick too.
Related
String to Integer (atoi)
This problem is implement atoi to convert a string to an integer.
When test input = " +0 123"
My code return = 123
But why expected answer = 0?
======================
And if test input = " +0123"
My code return = 123
Now expected answer = 123
So is that answer wrong?
I think this is expected result as it said
Requirements for atoi:
The function first discards as many whitespace characters as necessary until the first non-whitespace character is found. Then, starting from this character, takes an optional initial plus or minus sign followed by as many numerical digits as possible, and interprets them as a numerical value.
Your first test case has a space in between two different digit groups, and atoi only consider the first group which is '0' and convert into integer
Could someone explain why I can not use int() to convert an integer number represented in string-scientific notation into a python int?
For example this does not work:
print int('1e1')
But this does:
print int(float('1e1'))
print int(1e1) # Works
Why does int not recognise the string as an integer? Surely its as simple as checking the sign of the exponent?
Behind the scenes a scientific number notation is always represented as a float internally. The reason is the varying number range as an integer only maps to a fixed value range, let's say 2^32 values. The scientific representation is similar to the floating representation with significant and exponent. Further details you can lookup in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating_point.
You cannot cast a scientific number representation as string to integer directly.
print int(1e1) # Works
Works because 1e1 as a number is already a float.
>>> type(1e1)
<type 'float'>
Back to your question: We want to get an integer from float or scientific string. Details: https://docs.python.org/2/reference/lexical_analysis.html#integers
>>> int("13.37")
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: '13.37'
For float or scientific representations you have to use the intermediate step over float.
Very Simple Solution
print(int(float(1e1)))
Steps:-
1- First you convert Scientific value to float.
2- Convert that float value to int .
3- Great you are able to get finally int data type.
Enjoy.
Because in Python (at least in 2.x since I do not use Python 3.x), int() behaves differently on strings and numeric values. If you input a string, then python will try to parse it to base 10 int
int ("077")
>> 77
But if you input a valid numeric value, then python will interpret it according to its base and type and convert it to base 10 int. then python will first interperet 077 as base 8 and convert it to base 10 then int() will jsut display it.
int (077) # Leading 0 defines a base 8 number.
>> 63
077
>> 63
So, int('1e1') will try to parse 1e1 as a base 10 string and will throw ValueError. But 1e1 is a numeric value (mathematical expression):
1e1
>> 10.0
So int will handle it as a numeric value and handle it as though, converting it to float(10.0) and then parse it to int. So Python will first interpret 1e1 since it was a numric value and evaluate 10.0 and int() will convert it to integer.
So calling int() with a string value, you must be sure that string is a valid base 10 integer value.
int(float(1e+001)) will work.
Whereas like what others had mention 1e1 is already a float.
I need code for removing all unicode characters in a vb6 string.
If this is UTF-16 text (as normal VB6 String values all are) and you can ignore the issue of surrogate pairs, then this is fairly quick and reasonably concise:
Private Sub DeleteNonAscii(ByRef Text As String)
Dim I As Long
Dim J As Long
Dim Char As String
I = 1
For J = 1 To Len(Text)
Char = Mid$(Text, J, 1)
If (AscW(Char) And &HFFFF&) <= &H7F& Then
Mid$(Text, I, 1) = Char
I = I + 1
End If
Next
Text = Left$(Text, I - 1)
End Sub
This has the workaround for the unfortunate choice VB6 had to make in returning a signed 16-bit integer from the AscW() function. It should have been a Long for symmatry with ChrW$() but it is what it is.
It should beat the pants off any regular expression library in clarity, maintainability, and performance. If better performance is required for truly massive amounts of text then SAFEARRAY or CopyMemory stunts could be used.
Public Shared Function StripUnicodeCharactersFromString(ByVal inputValue As String) As String
Return Regex.Replace(inputValue, "[^\u0000-\u007F]", String.Empty)
End Function
Vb6 - not sure will
sRTF = "\u" & CStr(AscW(char))
work? - You could do this for all char values above 127
StrConv is the command for converting strings.
StrConv Function
Returns a Variant (String) converted as specified.
Syntax
StrConv(string, conversion, LCID)
The StrConv function syntax has these named arguments:
Part Description
string Required. String expression to be converted.
conversion Required. Integer. The sum of values specifying the type of conversion to perform. `128` is Unicode to local code page (or whatever the optional LCID is)
LCID Optional. The LocaleID, if different than the system LocaleID. (The system LocaleID is the default.)
This is driving me nuts... there must be a way to strip out all non-digit characters (or perform other simple filtering) in a String.
Example: I want to turn a phone number ("+72 (93) 2342-7772" or "+1 310-777-2341") into a simple numeric String (not an Int), such as "729323427772" or "13107772341".
I tried "[\\d]+".r.findAllIn(phoneNumber) which returns an Iteratee and then I would have to recombine them into a String somehow... seems horribly wasteful.
I also came up with: phoneNumber.filter("0123456789".contains(_)) but that becomes tedious for other situations. For instance, removing all punctuation... I'm really after something that works with a regular expression so it has wider application than just filtering out digits.
Anyone have a fancy Scala one-liner for this that is more direct?
You can use filter, treating the string as a character sequence and testing the character with isDigit:
"+72 (93) 2342-7772".filter(_.isDigit) // res0: String = 729323427772
You can use replaceAll and Regex.
"+72 (93) 2342-7772".replaceAll("[^0-9]", "") // res1: String = 729323427772
Another approach, define the collection of valid characters, in this case
val d = '0' to '9'
and so for val a = "+72 (93) 2342-7772", filter on collection inclusion for instance with either of these,
for (c <- a if d.contains(c)) yield c
a.filter(d.contains)
a.collect{ case c if d.contains(c) => c }
How can I delete all special characters from a string in Progress 4GL?
I guess this depends on your definition of special characters.
You can remove ANY character with REPLACE. Simply set the to-string part of replace to blank ("").
Syntax:
REPLACE ( source-string , from-string , to-string )
Example:
DEFINE VARIABLE cOldString AS CHARACTER NO-UNDO.
DEFINE VARIABLE cNewString AS CHARACTER NO-UNDO.
cOldString = "ABC123AACCC".
cNewString = REPLACE(cOldString, "A", "").
DISPLAY cNewString FORMAT "x(10)".
You can use REPLACE to remove a complete matching string. For example:
REPLACE("This is a text with HTML entity &", "&", "").
Handling "special characters" can be done in a number of ways. If you mean special "ASCII" characters like linefeed, bell and so on you can use REPLACE together with the CHR function.
Basic syntax (you could add some information about code pages as well but that's rarely needed) :
CHR( expression )
expression: An expression that yields an integer value that you want to convert to a character value. (ASCII numberic value).
So if you want to remove all Swedish letter Ö:s (ASCII 214) from a text you could do:
REPLACE("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZÅÄÖ", "Ö", "").
or
REPLACE("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZÅÄÖ", CHR(214), "").
Putting this together you could build an array of unwanted characters and remove all those in the string. For example:
FUNCTION cleanString RETURNS CHARACTER (INPUT pcString AS CHARACTER):
DEFINE VARIABLE iUnwanted AS INTEGER NO-UNDO EXTENT 3.
DEFINE VARIABLE i AS INTEGER NO-UNDO.
/* Remove all capital Swedish letters ÅÄÖ */
iUnwanted[1] = 197.
iUnwanted[2] = 196.
iUnwanted[3] = 214.
DO i = 1 TO EXTENT(iUnwanted):
IF iUnwanted[i] <> 0 THEN DO:
pcString = REPLACE(pcString, CHR(iUnwanted[i]), "").
END.
END.
RETURN pcString.
END.
DEFINE VARIABLE cString AS CHARACTER NO-UNDO INIT "AANÅÅÖÖBBCVCÄÄ".
DISPLAY cleanString(cString) FORMAT "x(10)".
Other functions that could be useful to look into:
SUBSTRING: Returns a part of a string. Can be used to modify it as well.
ASC: Like CHR but the other way around - displays ASCII value from a character).
INDEX: Returns the position of a character in a string.
R-INDEX: Like INDEX but searches right to left.
STRING: Converts a value of any data type into a character value.
This function will replace chars according to the current collation.
function Dia2Plain returns character (input icTxt as character):
define variable ocTxt as character no-undo.
define variable i as integer no-undo.
define variable iAsc as integer no-undo.
define variable cDia as character no-undo.
define variable cPlain as character no-undo.
assign ocTxt = icTxt.
repeat i = 1 to length(ocTxt):
assign cDia = substring(ocTxt,i,1)
cPlain = "".
if asc(cDia) > 127
then do:
repeat iAsc = 65 to 90: /* A..Z */
if compare(cDia, "eq" , chr(iAsc), "case-sensitive")
then assign cPlain = chr(iAsc).
end.
repeat iAsc = 97 to 122: /* a..z */
if compare(cDia, "eq" , chr(iAsc), "case-sensitive")
then assign cPlain = chr(iAsc).
end.
if cPlain <> ""
then assign substring(ocTxt,i,1) = cPlain.
end.
end.
return ocTxt.
end.
/* testing */
def var c as char init "ÄëÉÖìÇ".
disp c Dia2Plain(c).
def var i as int.
def var d as char.
repeat i = 128 to 256:
assign c = chr(i) d = Dia2Plain(chr(i)).
if asc(c) <> asc(d) then disp i c d.
end.
This function will remove anything that is not a letter or number (adapt it as you wish).
/* remove any characters that are not numbers or letters */
FUNCTION alphanumeric RETURN CHARACTER
(lch_string AS CHARACTER).
DEFINE VARIABLE lch_newstring AS CHARACTER NO-UNDO.
DEFINE VARIABLE i AS INTEGER NO-UNDO.
DO i = 1 TO LENGTH(lch_string):
/* check to see if this is a number or letter */
IF (ASC(SUBSTRING(lch_string,i,1)) GE ASC("1")
AND ASC(SUBSTRING(lch_string,i,1)) LE ASC("9"))
OR (ASC(SUBSTRING(lch_string,i,1)) GE ASC("A")
AND ASC(SUBSTRING(lch_string,i,1)) LE ASC("Z"))
OR (ASC(SUBSTRING(lch_string,i,1)) GE ASC("a")
AND ASC(SUBSTRING(lch_string,i,1)) LE ASC("z"))
THEN
/* only keep it if it is a number or letter */
lch_newstring = lch_newstring + SUBSTRING(lch_string,i,1).
END.
RETURN lch_newstring.
END FUNCTION.
Or you can simply use regex
System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex:Replace("Say,Hi!", "[^a-zA-Z0-9]","")