I don't understand the difference between these two. They both seem to take me to the root directory. Are there differences?
cd ~ takes you to the home directory
cd / takes you to the root directory
these will be the same if you are running it as root
"cd ~" usually takes you to the home directory of the logged user.
Related
When opening VSCode in a folder using code . using my current user, I notice that then it was started as root. The steps that I'm making are to validate this behaviour are:
$ whoami
>> franciscoserrano
$ mkdir test-dir && ll
>> drwxr-xr-x 2 franciscoserrano franciscoserrano 4.0K Jan 18 19:04 test-dir
$ cd test-dir
$ code .
(right after this, inside VSCode's terminal) $ pwd && whoami
/home/franciscoserrano/projects/test-dir
root
Another weird thing is that the VSCode terminal seems to load the .zshrc of my user, this is still inside VSCode terminal:
$ pwd
>> /home/franciscoserrano/projects/test-dir
$ whoami && cd
>> root
$ pwd
>> /home/franciscoserrano
Is this intended? Why making $ cd changes to a directory that is not from the user that outputs $ whoami? How do I force VSCode to open as the same user as in WSL?
Another detail: when creating files inside the same folder, using the VSCode GUI, those are also created as root:
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jan 18 19:18 hello.c
Running the following command on the windows side fixes this issue for me:
ubuntu2204.exe config --default-user <wsl-user>
This is basically recursively remove everything from root right?
Would this really delete everything on the device?
Do any operating systems have protections against running this – like a confirmation or something?
Seemed like a better idea to ask than to try.
The rm command means it is applied for removing file-folders based on the file path but as you have specified rm -rf / it tells to remove the files which are part of the root directory in the Linux or Unix based system, but again it will not do anything until and unless you apply the command with sudo access or super user do access with your system password.
Yes this would delete recursively.
Actually their is also a protection:
rm: it is dangerous to operate recursively on '/'
rm: use --no-preserve-root to override this failsafe
rm -rf is a dangerouse command in linux.if rm -rf run with root privilage it force to delete all files and folders even hidden file and you must install os again. this command has not confirmation question.
As a security measure, you can set rm to always get you approved for the delete operation, it uses the "-i" option whenever you want to delete a file or directory. To make this command permanent, add the following alias to the $ HOME / .bashrc file.
When you run the rm command, it will run with the "-i" option by default. (If you use the "-f" option, these settings will be overwrite)
rm -rf
this code deletes all files on linux (system ,root files include)
this is very dangerous code
I have a simple script that is unzipping a file to a mounted Windows share. It is normally launched as a Postfix alias when a new email arrives, but even when I run it as root I get a permission denied error.
The script is doing this:
if ( </tmp/*.zip> ){
unzip '</tmp/*.zip>' => '</mnt/win/#1.txt>'
or die "unzip failed: $UnzipError\n";
}
As root I can copy files to /mnt/win without a problem, but when this script is launched by Postfix it fails with permission denied.
/etc/fstab looks like:
//srvr1/tmp /mnt/win cifs credentials=/root/.smbcredentials,iocharset=iso8859-1,sec=ntlm 0 0
ls -ld looks like:
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 196608 Jul 15 17:24 /mnt/win
Files produced by the script are nobody/nogroup, but I'm not sure how I change the permissions of /mnt/win to allow nobody/nogroup to read/write.
cmhod -R ugo+RW /mnt/win
Also gives permission denied. Is there a way to change permissions in /etc/fstab to allow nobody/nogroup?
You need to use this command to change the permissions of folder & files inside it.
sudo chmod -R R+X /mnt/win
If you want to change the user of the file as well which is nobody/nogroup rightnow, you can use this commands :
sudo chown -R username.username /mnt/win/
Here you can choose any user's name e.g. mine is mukesh
sudo chown -R mueksh.mukesh /mnt/win/
xx#xx-PC ~/xampp/htdocs/sites
$ rmdir /s "yo-2"
rmdir: `/s': No such file or directory
rmdir: `yo-2': Directory not empty
xx#xx-PC ~/xampp/htdocs/sites
$ rmdir "yo-2"
rmdir: `yo-2': Directory not empty
I cant seem to get rmdir to work in git bash. Its not in a git repo and I've tried the above. Mkdir works as expected, why doesnt this?
rmdir will not work if directory is empty
Try
rm -rf yo-2
git-bash is a Linux like shell
If you are trying to remove an entire directory regardless of contents, you could use:
rm <dirname> -rf
just use the command below:
rm -rfv mydirectory
After trying out a couple of other commands, this worked for me:
rm dirname -rf
A bit late, but I believe it still can help someone with performance problems on Windows systems. It is REALLY FAST to delete on Windows using git bash comparing with just the ordinary rm -rf. The trick here is to move the file/directory to another random name in a temporary directory at the same drive (on Windows) or at the same partition (on *nix systems) and invoke the rm -rf command in background mode. At least you don't need to wait for a blocking IO task and OS will perform the deletion as soon it gets idle.
Depending on the system you are using you may need to install the realpath program (ie macOS). Another alternative is to write a bash portable function like in this post: bash/fish command to print absolute path to a file.
fast_rm() {
path=$(realpath $1) # getting the absolute path
echo $path
if [ -e $path ]; then
export TMPDIR="$(dirname $(mktemp -u))"
kernel=$(uname | awk '{print tolower($0)}')
# if windows, make sure to use the same drive
if [[ "${kernel}" == "mingw"* ]]; then # git bash
export TMPDIR=$(echo "${path}" | awk '{ print substr($0, 1, 2)"/temp"}')
if [ ! -e $TMPDIR ]; then mkdir -p $TMPDIR; fi
fi
if [ "${kernel}" == "darwin" ]; then MD5=md5; else MD5=md5sum; fi
rnd=$(echo $RANDOM | $MD5 | awk '{print $0}')
to_remove="${TMPDIR}/$(basename ${path})-${rnd}"
mv "${path}" "${to_remove}"
nohup rm -rf "${to_remove}" > /dev/null 2>&1 &
fi
}
# invoking the function
directory_or_file=./vo-2
fast_delete $directory_or_file
I have faced same issue. this is worked for me
rimraf is a Node.js package, which is the UNIX command rm -rf for node, so you will need to install Node.js which includes npm. Then you can run:
npm install -g rimraf
Then you can run rimraf from the command line.
rimraf directoryname
visit https://superuser.com/questions/78434/how-to-delete-directories-with-path-names-too-long-for-normal-delete
I found this solution because npm itself was causing this problem due to the way it nests dependencies.
Late reply, but for those who search a solution, for me the
rm <dirname> -rf
wasn't good, I always get the directory non-empty or path too long on node directories.
A really simple solution :
Move the directory you want to delete to the root of your disk (to shorten your path) and then you can delete it normally.
i am working on ubuntu server from past few months
and now suddenly ps, ifconfing commnad stop working with below error.
user1#Fb1:/usr/bin$ ps
-bash: /bin/ps: No such file or directory
any suggestions to get this command working back.
What's the output of which ps and ls /usr/bin -al (which are both in /bin also)? Does it work if you gain root privileges, either using sudo ifconfig or sudo su, then ifconfig?
This is possibly an issue with file permissions but it's hard to say without more information.
First use locate to find your ps or ifconfig program:
$ locate ps | grep bin
Also you may try whereis command:
$ whereis ps
If you don't find them, try to search as root user.
i have tried to put all the outputs of different commnads as below
root#Fb1:/usr/bin# whereis ps
ps: /bin/ps /usr/share/man/man1/ps.1.gz
root#Fb1:/usr/bin# ls -lsa ps
16 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 15859 2010-05-26 12:21 ps
Something wrong with your $PATH I suspect it doesn't have /sbin .. maybe new software overwrite your $PATH..
normal path should be include this (mebada is my user name)
mebada#T430:~$ echo $PATH
/home/mebada/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin