Good day,
Currently I use MS Access at home for several Databases (for personal use).
At work, I use PostgreSQL, which is infinity times better. I want to start using postgres for my personally used databases, but I don't know where to start.
I've tried reading the documentation, but still don't know how to start. I don't have a server at home; is it possible I can just make a local database/tablespace? Or would I have to host a virtual server?
Note that I am willing to use other open source databases if there is an easy option out there - MS access is just so... terrible.
Thanks,
So, it seems you have Windows at home. You just need to download full installer for PostgreSQL:
http://www.postgresql.org/download/windows/
After installation it will automatically add starting postgres server as a service on local machine. That means, server will always run in background, but you can disable that later, or just uninstall.
After that, you can use pgAdmin (included in default installation package) or other client tools to access the DB engine.
UPD in pgadmin, create connection with this settings:
'localhost' as hostname;
port - 5432;
user, database - postgres (for testing purpose only - you should create your own user and tables with restricted rights later).
Password for postgres (that is DB admin user) must be entered during installation process.
Server settings are stored somewhere here:
"C:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\9.3\data"
pg_hba.conf - Client Authentication Configuration File
postgresql.conf - Configuration File
Related
I'm working on many projects simultaneously, and some have some passwords defined as default, which can vary along projects. I've got postgresql installed on my (Ubuntu) laptop and of course I'm only using it locally for devving.
I know it's horribly insecure, but I don't expose postgres remotely. So to make things easier I would like the postgresql server to accept ANY password it is given for the postgres user. Is there any way that I could do this?
Set trust for all you local connections in pg_hba.conf like e.g
local all all trust
After editing, restart the postgresql service.
Two days ago, i started learning postgresql. Most tutorials I followed online were either old or the codes wont just work on my mac. I followed a lot of tutorials that did a lot of totally different things.
When i switched on my system today. I noticed Postgresql created a user on my mac. I don't know what this is or maybe i used the wrong CLI code.
When I tried viewing the user, I saw this
should I delete this user or it has a function?
postgres user account
Creating a user account specifically for Postgres, commonly named postgres, is a normal part of a Postgres installation. Your installer app likely prompted you for a password to assign to this new user account.
One reason for this is security: The database’s data files and security configuration files are stored in folders owned by the postgres user. So if your main user account is hijacked, the intruder does not yet have access to the database (often the most valuable thing in storage). The intruder must jump through more hoops to compromise Postgres. Also, the separate ownership prevents other apps from inadvertently stomping on the Postgres files.
You will find Postgres is much more enterprise-oriented than other products such as MySQL. This means locking-down for security. Another example: Postgres by default is configured to not accept connections over the network. To enable connections from other computers, you must change the configuration. Inconvenient for the beginner, but more secure. Like a bar on your car steering wheel and deadbolts on your doors, more security always means more steps to take and more annoyance.
Use a virtual machine
Installing the postgres user account is one of the things that makes Postgres a rather heavyweight installation. I suggest to those learning Postgres to use a virtual machine for Postgres. Something like:
Parallels or Fusion or VirtualBox on your own computer
Cloud server such as FreeBSD on DigitalOcean.com.
To remove Postgres, simply discard the vm.
Postgres.app for macOS
Another option for a Mac user is Postgres.app, created by the person who built one of the first Postgres-as-a-Service implementations (on Heroku). I have not used Postgres.app, but I understand it wraps Postgres, so it does not install the postgres user account. Also, Postgres starts and stops when launch and quit the app, rather than running in the background all the time.
Be aware: you may have conflicts with Postgres.app on a Mac where you already have a conventional installation. I suggest you first carefully remove the conventional Postgres from your Mac before installing Postgres.app. Uninstalling involves finding and deleting various files and folders in various places.
Database-as-a-Service (DBaaS)
Another option to avoid local installation is the increasing choices for running Postgres as a service. This is sometimes referred to as “managed Postgres” because the vendor maintains the installation of Postgres on your behalf. You simply use Postgres to create your database, but you do not fully control Postgres in such a service.
Some examples:
Heroku
Digital Ocean
Azure
Amazon Web Services (AWS)
ElephantSQL
My experience
Personally, I often install Postgres on a Mac using the installer by EnterpriseDB.com. That company sells added-value versions of Postgres, but kindly provides an installer for plain-vanilla Postgres, as a service to the community.
I have also used that same installer from EnterpriseDB.com to install onto a Parallels VM running macOS as the guest OS within the VM on a MacBook Pro running macOS as the host OS. You can easily configure the VM to share the host Mac’s IP address on the network, or you can give the VM its own network address which might be handy for demo/dev/test work.
Thirdly, I have installed Postgres on FreeBSD on DigitalOcean.com.
All three of these options have worked quite well for me. Which is preferable depends on the scenario. For example, the DigitalOcean.com approach is good if I want colleagues to be able to reach the database 24x7 without my own MacBook being available.
This discussion is for development work. For mission-critical deployment, I strongly recommend using heavy-duty server equipment with error-correcting memory and redundant storage such as RAID or ZFS pool. Postgres is extremely reliable but depends, of course, on reliable hardware.
Your tag says Postgres 9.1. That version is quite old now. I suggest using the latest version. By the way, the version numbering system has changed for postgres. The first number is now the roughly-annual release number likely requiring you to dump and reload data to upgrade, and the second number is compatible updates.
As pointed out by #basil-bourque, the account is required for several reasons.
That said, if it annoys you to have the PostgreSQL showing up in the login screen -as it did me-, you can remove it as long as you have admin user rights in MacOS.
Apple Support gives the following command to hide a user from the login screen:
$ sudo dscl . create /Users/hiddenuser IsHidden 1
However, since the PostgreSQL user was not included listed in the login window at installation, that command will yield no result -at least in Catalina, which is my OS.
You should use the following two commands instead, as suggested by josemarluedke:
## add postgres to the list of hidden users on login screen
$ sudo defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow HiddenUsersList -array-add 'postgres'
## instruct not to show any hidden accounts at login
$ sudo defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow SHOWOTHERUSERS_MANAGED -bool FALSE
Worked for me!
I have a rails app on heroku that is using a Postgre database. My database has > 40 tables and > 10,000 rows. I would like to delete a lot of data, but it would be much easier if I was able to view and interact with it in a GUI table. I can access my data in rails console, but it's taking too long.
pgweb is a great cross-platform GUI, and it's easy to connect to your Heroku Postgres when launching from the command line.
I installed via Homebrew on a Mac (brew install pgweb), but instructions for other platforms are listed on the site. Here's how I launch pgweb connected to a Heroku Postgres DB:
heroku config:get DATABASE_URL | xargs pgweb --url
And if you want to connect to your localhost:
pgweb --host localhost
I'm a little late here, but this may help someone else who stumbles across this thread...
If you go to your Heroku app's dashboard (through the website) > settings > "Reveal Config Vars" > DATABASE_URL, and paste that URL into the browser.
I use TablePlus for database management, when I paste the link into the browser it asks if it can open TablePlus and then I can edit my production database in real time just like I would in development.
I'm not sure what pasting the URL into the browser will do if you don't have TablePlus. I assume it will request to open any other SQL management app you might have.
As slumdog wrote in the comment to your question, you can use pgAdmin, which comes with your local Postgres installation.
This article explains how to connect your remote heroku db with pgAdmin, using heroku credentials: https://medium.com/#vapurrmaid/getting-started-with-heroku-postgres-and-pgadmin-run-on-part-2-90d9499ed8fb
From the article:
"pgAdmin is a GUI for postgresql databases that can be used to access and modify databases that not only exist locally, but also remotely. For a fresh install of pgAdmin, the dashboard likely contains only one server. This is your local server...
We have to configure a new remote server with its credentials.
right click server(s) > create > server …
Fill out the following:
Name: This is solely for you. Name it whatever you want, I chose ‘Heroku-Run — On’
Under the connection tab: hostname/address. If you go back to your datastores ‘reveal credentials’, this is the host credential. It should look like --**...amazonaws.com
Keep the port at 5432, unless your credentials list otherwise
Maintenance database — this is the database field in the credentials
Username — this is the user field in the credentials
Password — the password field in the credentials. I highly advise checking save password so that you don’t have to copypasta this every time you want to connect.
In the SSL tab, mark SSL mode as require
At this point, if we were to hit ‘save’ (please don’t), something very strange would happen. You’d see hundreds if not thousands of databases appear in pgAdmin. This has to do with how Heroku configures their servers. You’ll still only have access to your specific database, not those of others. In order to avoid parsing so many databases, we have to white list only those databases we care about.
go to the Advanced tab and under db restriction copy the database name (it’s the same value as the Maintenance database field filled earlier)."
Article contains other usefull guidelines and screenshots.
Try GUI of DBWeaver.
https://dbeaver.io/
Download it, after that you can connect your heroku postgres using Database Credentials data.
You can use Heroku's hosted DB viewer on the Overview pane of your dashboard:
Create and click the Dataclip:
Dataclip GUI is fairly easy to use, we can type and customize SQL queries at the top etc.
I cannot add a connection in oracle SQL developer installed.
The error I am getting is:
IO Error :The network adapter could not establish connection.
Also can anyone help me as to what user name and password it is asking?
Is there anything else I need to install.
SQL Developer is a tool which enables you to connect to the database - let's presume an Oracle one. Did you install it? If not, is there any available on the network? If not, you'll have to do that first (i.e. install a database - 11g Express Edition might be your choice, download it here), and then let SQL Developer connect to it.
As of username and password you'd use: database owner is SYS, but - you shouldn't use it for coding training - you'd rather create a new user, or unlock one of pre-installed; unless I'm wrong, 11gXE contains the HR schema (Human Resources). In order to unlock it, establish a connection to the previously mentioned SYS user (remember which password you choose for it during the installation process) and choose the SYSDBA role. Then unlock the HR user and modify its password by issuing the following statements:
alter user hr account unlock;
alter user hr identified by hr;
Now create a new connection to HR user (this time choose the "default" role); you should be able to see its tables, run queries, etc.
Make sure your oracle database is up and running.. if you are using docker you need to restart the oracle docker image in this case.
I had similar issue then i tried to restart the oracle using
docker-compose -f docker-image-oracle.yml -d up (in this case you might have a diff name).
or you can start docker image directly from cmd .
Make sure that your hostname, listener port, sid/service name, username/password are correct.
You can use lsnrctl status to get the port number.
There are four things that come to my mind:
Is your Oracle Database installed and running? If not, install it and make sure it works.
Have you entered the correct username and password? Have you entered the correct hostname and/ or port number? If hostname and port number are wrong, check the listener.ora file (if you have the permission). Alternatively, you can look into the tnsnames.ora file.
Maybe your listener is not working after all. With the command "C:> lsnrctl status" (on cmd), you can check, if the listener works. If it doesn't, run the command "C:> lsnrctl start".
Are you using the right URL?
The following link may help you:
https://community.oracle.com/tech/welcome/discussion/2547624/io-error-the-network-adapter-could-not-establish-the-connection
I am trying to setup PostgreSQL and allow only certain Windows users to access the data from the database. Setting up Windows Authentication is Quite easy with MS SQL, but I can't figure out how to set it up in PostgreSQL.
I have gone through the documentation at http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/auth-methods.html
and edited the pg_hba file. But after doing so, the PostgreSQL service fails to start.
Is the Postgresql server running on Windows as well as the clients then you might test with this to see if this works:
host all all 0.0.0.0/0 sspi
Magnus Hagander, a Postgresql developer, elaborates on this:
"All users connecting from the local machine, your domain, or a trusted domain will be automatically authenticated using the SSPI configured authentication (you can enable/disable things like NTLMv2 or LM using Group Policy - it's a Windows configuration, not a PostgreSQL one). You still need to create the login role in PostgreSQL, but that's it. Note that the domain is not verified at all, only the username. So the user Administrator in your primary and a trusted domain will be considered the same user if they try to connect to PostgreSQL. Note that this method is not compatible with Unix clients."
If you mix Unix-Windows then you have to resort to kerberos using GSSAPI which means you have to do some configuration. This article on deploying Pg in Windows environments may perhaps lead you in the right path.
If anyone else encouters this like I did so starting from 9.5 you wil need to add an optional parameter both to the ipv4 and ipv6 in order for this to work
include_realm=0
so the whole thing will look like
host all your_username 127.0.0.1/32 sspi include_realm=0