In an automated Emacs Lisp --batch/--script script I need to process the command line arguments given to the script.
I've gotten as far as getting the arguments into a list of the the form:
("--aaa=bbb" "--ccc=ddd=eee" "--blah")
Now, I need to convert them to a list of the form:
(("aaa" "bbb") ("ccc" "ddd=eee") ("blah"))
In Python I'd write something like;
output = []
for v in input:
output.append(v[2:].split("=", 1))
But have been unable to convert that code to Emacs Lisp. I found Elisp split-string function to split a string by . character but wasn't able to figure out how to make it only split on the first equals.
I was heading down a route of using (substring "abcdefg" x x) with (search) from the cl package but it felt like there should be a better way? I think also want to use (mapc '<function> input) where function does the v[2:].split("=",1) part.
You can use split-string. See the following code example.
(setq cmd-line '("--aaa=bbb" "--ccc=ddd=eee" "--blah"))
(setq cmd-line (mapcar (lambda (argstr)
(when (string-match "^--" argstr)
(split-string (substring argstr 2) "=")))
cmd-line))
The output is (("aaa" "bbb") ("ccc" "ddd" "eee") ("blah")).
That is not exactly what you want because of "eee". Maybe you can use that and just neglect "eee".
If the "eee" is really a problem a small modification helps:
(setq cmd-line '("--aaa=bbb" "--ccc=ddd=eee" "--blah"))
(setq cmd-line (mapcar (lambda (arg)
(when (string-match "^--" arg)
(setq arg (split-string (substring arg 2) "="))
(if (cdr arg)
(setcdr (cdr arg) nil))
arg))
cmd-line))
The output is:
(("aaa" "bbb") ("ccc" "ddd") ("blah"))
Variant for the new requirement in the question:
(setq cmd-line '("--aaa=bbb" "--ccc=ddd=eee" "--blah"))
(setq cmd-line (mapcar (lambda (arg)
(when (string-match "^--\\([^=]*\\)\\(?:=\\(.*\\)\\)?" arg)
(let ((opt (match-string 1 arg))
(val (match-string 2 arg)))
(if val
(list opt val)
(list opt)))))
cmd-line))
The output is:
(("aaa" "bbb") ("ccc" "ddd=eee") ("blah"))
Related
After wandering off in frustration from before, I've decided to try Haskell in Emacs org-mode again. I'm using Haskell stack-ghci (8.6.3), Emacs 26.2, org-mode 9.2.3 set up with intero. This code block
#+begin_src haskell :results raw :session *haskell*
pyth2 :: Int -> [(Int, Int, Int)]
pyth2 n =
[ (x, y, z)
| x <- [1 .. n]
, y <- [x .. n]
, z <- [y .. n]
, x ^ 2 + y ^ 2 == z ^ 2
]
#+end_src
produces this RESULTS:
*Main| *Main| *Main| *Main| *Main|
<interactive>:59:16: error: Variable not in scope: n
<interactive>:60:16: error: Variable not in scope: n
<interactive>:61:16: error: Variable not in scope: n
However, this
#+begin_src haskell :results raw
tripleMe x = x + x + x
#+end_src
works fine. I've added the :set +m to both ghci.conf and the individual code block to no effect. This code works fine in a separate hs file run in a separate REPL. The pyth2 code in a separate file also can be called from the org-mode started REPL and run just fine as well. Not sure how to proceed. Can include Emacs init info if necessary.
Over on the org-mode mailing list I got an answer that basically is saying the same as you, D. Gillis. He had a similar work-around that actually is more org-mode-centric. Under a heading where your code blocks will be put this "drawer"
:PROPERTIES:
:header-args:haskell: :prologue ":{\n" :epilogue ":}\n"
:END:
and then (possibly in a local variable) run
#+begin_src haskell :results output
:set prompt-cont ""
#+end_src
For reasons unknown I've had to include the :results output otherwise a cryptic error of "expecting a string" happens.
On a few other notes, haskell babel doesn't respond/care about the :session option, i.e., when you run a code block, a REPL *haskell* starts and that will be the sole REPL. Also, a haskell-mode started REPL doesn't play well with an existing org-mode initiated REPL, i.e., if you start a REPL from haskell-mode, it kills the original org-mode *haskkell*REPL, and any new attempt to run org-mode code blocks can't see this new, non-*haskell*REPL. Then if you kill the haskell-mode REPL and try to run org-mode blocks, you get
executing Haskell code block...
inferior-haskell-start-process: List contains a loop: ("--no-build" "--no-load" "--ghci-options=-ferror-spans" "--no-build" "--no-load" . #2)
... you're hosed -- and nothing seems to shake it, not any restart/refresh, nor killing, reloading the file, i.e., a complete restart of Emacs is necessary. Anyone knowing a better solution, please tells usses.
This is a GHCi issue.
The same error occurs when your code is copied directly into GHCi, which also gives a parse error when it encounters the new line after the equal sign. This first error isn't showing up here because org-babel only shows the value of the last expression (in this case, the error caused by the list comprehension).
I'm not entirely familiar with how Haskell-mode sends the code to GHCi, but it looks like it involves loading in the buffer into GHCi as a file, which may be why you didn't have this problem working from the hs file.
There are a few options to fix this, none of which are completely ideal:
Move some portion of the list into the first line (e.g. the first line could be pyth2 n = [).
Wrap the entire function definition with :{ and :}.
Write an Elisp function to modify what is being sent to GHCi and then changes it back after it is evaluated.
The first two options require you to format your code in a form that the GHCi will accept. In your example case, the first option may not be too bad, but this won't always be so trivial for all multi-line declarations (e.g. pattern-matching function declarations). The downside to the second option is that it requires adding brackets to the code that shouldn't be there in real source code.
To fix the issue of extraneous brackets being added, I've written an Elisp command (my-org-babel-execute-haskell-blocks) that places these brackets around code blocks that it finds, evaluates the region, and then deletes the brackets. Note that this function requires that blocks be separated from all other code with at least one empty line.
Calling my-org-babel-execute-haskell-blocks on your example declares the function without any errors.
EDIT: The previous function I gave failed to work on pattern matching declarations. I've rewritten the function to fix this issue as well as to be comment aware. This new function should be significantly more useful. However, it's worth noting that I didn't handle multi-line comments in a sophisticated manner, so code blocks with multi-line comments may not be wrapped properly.
(defun my-org-babel-execute-haskell-blocks ()
"Wraps :{ and :} around all multi-line blocks and then evaluates the source block.
Multi-line blocks are those where all non-indented, non-comment lines are declarations using the same token."
(interactive)
(save-excursion
;; jump to top of source block
(my-org-jump-to-top-of-block)
(forward-line)
;; get valid blocks
(let ((valid-block-start-ends (seq-filter #'my-haskell-block-valid-p (my-get-babel-blocks))))
(mapcar #'my-insert-haskell-braces valid-block-start-ends)
(org-babel-execute-src-block)
(mapcar #'my-delete-inserted-haskell-braces (reverse valid-block-start-ends)))))
(defun my-get-blocks-until (until-string)
(let ((block-start nil)
(block-list nil))
(while (not (looking-at until-string))
(if (looking-at "[[:space:]]*\n")
(when (not (null block-start))
(setq block-list (cons (cons block-start (- (point) 1))
block-list)
block-start nil))
(when (null block-start)
(setq block-start (point))))
(forward-line))
(when (not (null block-start))
(setq block-list (cons (cons block-start (- (point) 1))
block-list)))))
(defun my-get-babel-blocks ()
(my-get-blocks-until "#\\+end_src"))
(defun my-org-jump-to-top-of-block ()
(forward-line)
(org-previous-block 1))
(defun my-empty-line-p ()
(beginning-of-line)
(= (char-after) 10))
(defun my-haskell-type-declaration-line-p ()
(beginning-of-line)
(and (not (looking-at "--"))
(looking-at "^.*::.*$")))
(defun my-insert-haskell-braces (block-start-end)
(let ((block-start (car block-start-end))
(block-end (cdr block-start-end)))
(goto-char block-end)
(insert "\n:}")
(goto-char block-start)
(insert ":{\n")))
(defun my-delete-inserted-haskell-braces (block-start-end)
(let ((block-start (car block-start-end))
(block-end (cdr block-start-end)))
(goto-char block-start)
(delete-char 3)
(goto-char block-end)
(delete-char 3)))
(defun my-get-first-haskell-token ()
"Gets all consecutive non-whitespace text until first whitespace"
(save-excursion
(beginning-of-line)
(let ((starting-point (point)))
(re-search-forward ".*?[[:blank:]\n]")
(goto-char (- (point) 1))
(buffer-substring-no-properties starting-point (point)))))
(defun my-haskell-declaration-line-p ()
(beginning-of-line)
(or (looking-at "^.*=.*$") ;; has equals sign
(looking-at "^.*\n[[:blank:]]*|")
(looking-at "^.*where[[:blank:]]*$")))
(defun my-haskell-block-valid-p (block-start-end)
(let ((block-start (car block-start-end))
(block-end (cdr block-start-end))
(line-count 0))
(save-excursion
(goto-char block-start)
(let ((token 'nil)
(is-valid t))
;; eat top comments
(while (or (looking-at "--")
(looking-at "{-"))
(forward-line))
(when (my-haskell-type-declaration-line-p)
(progn
(setq token (my-get-first-haskell-token)
line-count 1)
(forward-line)))
(while (<= (point) block-end)
(let ((current-token (my-get-first-haskell-token)))
(cond ((string= current-token "") ; line with indentation
(when (null token) (setq is-valid nil))
(setq line-count (+ 1 line-count)))
((or (string= (substring current-token 0 2) "--") ;; skip comments
(string= (substring current-token 0 2) "{-"))
'())
((and (my-haskell-declaration-line-p)
(or (null token) (string= token current-token)))
(setq token current-token
line-count (+ 1 line-count)))
(t (setq is-valid nil)
(goto-char (+ 1 block-end))))
(forward-line)))
(and is-valid (> line-count 1))))))
I'm using org-mode for organizing myself (very useful so far!). However, it is kind of annoying writting
#+begin_comment
...
#+end_comment
each time I'd like to insert an environment.
Question
Is there a shortcut to insert the #+begin_ and #+end_ for a given environment?
In the same way C-c C-o comment RET would insert
\begin{comment}
\end{comment}
in latex-mode.
Org has a facility called "Easy templates": http://orgmode.org/manual/Easy-Templates.html
A template for comment is missing but you can add it with:
(add-to-list 'org-structure-template-alist '("C" "#+begin_comment\n?\n#+end_comment"))
And use it by typing <C followed by TAB.
Alternatively, you could use yasnippet.
Now the corresponding template section is called Structure Template and the insertion sequence is invoked by C-c C-,. I didn't (require 'org-tempo) which is described to support insertion keys like <s TAB.
The comment environment is already defined in org-structure-template-alist. So the comment would be inserted by
C-c C-, C
It's still possible to add a user defined sequence by, for example,
C-c C-, [TAB|RET|SPC] src python :results output :session
delivering
#+begin_src python :results output :session
#+end_src
(emacs 25.2.2, org-mode 9.2)
You could have a look at "org-auctex-keys.el", a minor mode which I created to offer AUCTeX key bindings within Org documents.
In this case, you'd use C-c C-e to insert an environment (prompt to enter the environment name), as what AUCTeX does.
If you're interested, check it out at https://github.com/fniessen/org-auctex-key-bindings.
Not as elegant as the answer of Michael Markert but maybe more expandable.
1) You can select a region and put the block around it or you can just put the block at point.
2) Keyword expansion and history.
3) Keystrokes: C-c b
The command could be further expanded. E.g., for the src block the various switches like -n -r and export to files could be supported.
(defun list-major-modes ()
"Returns list of potential major mode names (without the final -mode).
Note, that this is guess work."
(interactive)
(let (l)
(mapatoms #'(lambda (f) (and
(commandp f)
(string-match "-mode$" (symbol-name f))
;; auto-loaded
(or (and (autoloadp (symbol-function f))
(let ((doc (documentation f)))
(when doc
(and
(let ((docSplit (help-split-fundoc doc f)))
(and docSplit ;; car is argument list
(null (cdr (read (car docSplit)))))) ;; major mode starters have no arguments
(if (string-match "[mM]inor" doc) ;; If the doc contains "minor"...
(string-match "[mM]ajor" doc) ;; it should also contain "major".
t) ;; else we cannot decide therefrom
))))
(null (help-function-arglist f)))
(setq l (cons (substring (symbol-name f) 0 -5) l)))))
(when (called-interactively-p 'any)
(with-current-buffer (get-buffer-create "*Major Modes*")
(clear-buffer-delete)
(let ((standard-output (current-buffer)))
(display-completion-list l)
(display-buffer (current-buffer)))))
l))
(defvar org-insert-block-hist nil
"History for command `org-insert-block'")
(defvar org-insert-block-hist/src:major nil
"History for major mode in org src blocks.")
(defvar org-insert-block-list (append org-protecting-blocks
'("comment" ""))
"List of block types offered as completion for command `org-insert-block'")
;; block_src switches: -n () -r (references) -l "((%s))" (label format) -k (keep labels)
(defvar org-insert-block-list-specials
"Assoc list of Commands for reading additional specification of org-blocks.")
(setq org-insert-block-list-specials
'(("src" . (concat " " (completing-read "Major mode:"
(list-major-modes)
nil nil
(car org-insert-block-hist/src:major)
'(org-insert-block-hist/src:major . 1)
)))))
(defun org-insert-block (bl &optional b e attributes)
"Put region between b and e into org-block of kind bl.
If b or e is nil then put org-block limiters around point.
The string attributes is inserted behind the string #+begin_... "
(interactive
(let ((usereg (use-region-p))
(blKind (completing-read "Input block kind (tab: completion, uparrow: history):"
org-insert-block-list nil nil (car org-insert-block-hist) '(org-insert-block-hist . 1))))
(list
blKind
(when usereg (region-beginning))
(when usereg (region-end))
(let ((spec (assoc blKind org-insert-block-list-specials)))
(when spec (eval (cdr spec)))
))))
(let ((begBlock (concat "\n#+begin_" bl attributes "\n"))
(endBlock (concat "\n#+end_" bl "\n")))
(if (and b e)
(save-restriction
(narrow-to-region b e)
(goto-char (point-min))
(insert begBlock)
(goto-char (point-max))
(insert endBlock)
(indent-region (point-min) (point-max)))
(let ((p (point)))
(insert endBlock)
(goto-char p)
(insert begBlock))
)))
(add-hook 'org-mode-hook '(lambda ()
(local-set-key (kbd "C-c b") 'org-insert-block)))
I'm trying to open a file and read through the sexps. If the form has setq in its first position then traverse the rest of the form adding the in the setq form to an alist.
;;; File passwords.el.gpg
(setq twitter-password "Secret"
github-password "Sauce")
My goal is to able to construct an alist from the pairs in the setq forms in teh file. How I even start?
First, I second the recommendation that you store the passwords in an actual alist and, if necessary, set whatever variables you need to based on that.
That aside, here's another solution that tries to break things out a bit. The -partition function is from the dash.el library, which I highly recommend.
You don't really need to "walk" the code, just read it in and check if its car is setq. The remainder of the form should then be alternating symbols and strings, so you simply partition them by 2 and you have your alist. (Note that the "pairs" will be proper lists as opposed to the dotted pairs in Sean's solution).
(defun setq-form-p (form)
(eq (car form) 'setq))
(defun read-file (filename)
(with-temp-buffer
(insert-file-literally filename)
(read (buffer-substring-no-properties 1 (point-max)))))
(defun credential-pairs (form)
(-partition 2 (cdr form)))
(defun read-credentials-alist (filename)
(let ((form (read-file filename)))
(credential-pairs form)))
;; usage:
(read-credentials-alist "passwords.el")
Alternatively, here's how it would work if you already had the passwords in an alist, like so
(defvar *passwords*
'((twitter-password "Secret")
(github-password "Sauce")))
And then wanted to set the variable twitter-password to "Sauce" and so on. You would just map over it:
(mapcar #'(lambda (pair)
(let ((name (car pair))
(value (cadr pair)))
(set name value)))
*passwords*)
You can use streams to read in the files (read-from-string) and then do the usual elisp hacking. The below isn't robust, but you get the idea. On a file, pwd.el that has your file, it returns the alist ((github-password . "Sauce") (twitter-password . "Secret"))
(defun readit (file)
"Read file. If it has the form (sexp [VAR VALUE]+), return
an alist of the form ((VAR . VALUE) ...)"
(let* (alist
(sexp-len
(with-temp-buffer
(insert-file-contents file)
(read-from-string (buffer-substring 1 (buffer-size)))))
(sexp (car sexp-len)))
(when (equal (car sexp) 'setq)
(setq sexp (cdr sexp))
(while sexp
(let* ((l (car sexp))
(r (cadr sexp)))
(setq alist (cons (cons l r) alist)
sexp (cddr sexp)))))
alist))
(readit "pwd.el")
An mplayer tool (midentify) outputs "shell-ready" lines intended to be evaluated by a bash/sh/whatever interpreter.
How can I assign these var-names to their corresponding values as elisp var-names in emacs?
The data is in a string (via shell-command-to-string)
Here is the data
ID_AUDIO_ID=0
ID_FILENAME=/home/axiom/abc.wav
ID_DEMUXER=audio
ID_AUDIO_FORMAT=1
ID_AUDIO_BITRATE=512000
ID_AUDIO_RATE=0
ID_AUDIO_NCH=1
ID_LENGTH=3207.00
ID_SEEKABLE=1
ID_CHAPTERS=0
ID_AUDIO_BITRATE=512000
ID_AUDIO_RATE=32000
ID_AUDIO_NCH=1
ID_AUDIO_CODEC=pcm
ID_EXIT=EOF
Here's a routine that takes a string containing midentify output, and returns an association list of the key-value pairs (which is safer than setting Emacs variables willy-nilly). It also has the advantage that it parses numeric values into actual numbers:
(require 'cl) ; for "loop"
(defun midentify-output-to-alist (str)
(setq str (replace-regexp-in-string "\n+" "\n" str))
(setq str (replace-regexp-in-string "\n+\\'" "" str))
(loop for index = 0 then (match-end 0)
while (string-match "^\\(?:\\([A-Z_]+\\)=\\(?:\\([0-9]+\\(?:\\.[0-9]+\\)?\\)\\|\\(.*\\)\\)\\|\\(.*\\)\\)\n?" str index)
if (match-string 4 str)
do (error "Invalid line: %s" (match-string 4 str))
collect (cons (match-string 1 str)
(if (match-string 2 str)
(string-to-number (match-string 2 str))
(match-string 3 str)))))
You'd use this function like so:
(setq alist (midentify-output-to-alist my-output))
(if (assoc "ID_LENGTH" alist)
(setq id-length (cdr (assoc "ID_LENGTH" alist)))
(error "Didn't find an ID_LENGTH!"))
EDIT: Modified function to handle blank lines and trailing newlines correctly.
The regexp is indeed a beast; Emacs regexps are not known for their easiness on the eyes. To break it down a bit:
The outermost pattern is ^(?:valid-line)|(.*). It tries to match a valid line, or else matches the entire line (the .*) in match-group 4. If (match-group 4 str) is not nil, that indicates that an invalid line was encountered, and an error is raised.
valid-line is (word)=(?:(number)|(.*)). If this matches, then the name part of the name-value pair is in match-string 1, and if the rest of the line matches a number, then the number is in match-string 2, otherwise the entire rest of the line is in match-string 3.
There's probably a better way but this should do it:
(require 'cl)
(let ((s "ID_AUDIO_ID=0
ID_FILENAME=/home/axiom/abc.wav
ID_DEMUXER=audio
ID_AUDIO_FORMAT=1
ID_AUDIO_BITRATE=512000
ID_AUDIO_RATE=0
ID_AUDIO_NCH=1
ID_LENGTH=3207.00
ID_SEEKABLE=1
ID_CHAPTERS=0
ID_AUDIO_BITRATE=512000
ID_AUDIO_RATE=32000
ID_AUDIO_NCH=1
ID_AUDIO_CODEC=pcm
ID_EXIT=EOF"))
(loop for p in (split-string s "\n")
do
(let* ((elements (split-string p "="))
(key (elt elements 0))
(value (elt elements 1)))
(set (intern key) value))))
Here's a function you can run on the output buffer:
(defun set-variables-from-shell-assignments ()
(goto-char (point-min))
(while (< (point) (point-max))
(and (looking-at "\\([A-Z_]+\\)=\\(.*\\)$")
(set (intern (match-string 1)) (match-string 2)))
(forward-line 1)))
I don't think regexp is what really need. You need to split your string by \n and =, so you just say exactly the same to interpreter.
I think you can also use intern to get symbol from string(and set variables). I use it for the first time, so comment here if i am wrong. Anyways, if list is what you want, just remove top-level mapcar.
(defun set=(str)
(mapcar (lambda(arg)
(set
(intern (car arg))
(cadr arg)))
(mapcar (lambda(arg)
(split-string arg "=" t))
(split-string
str
"\n" t))))
(set=
"ID_AUDIO_ID=0
ID_FILENAME=/home/axiom/abc.wav
ID_DEMUXER=audio
ID_AUDIO_FORMAT=1
ID_AUDIO_BITRATE=512000
ID_AUDIO_RATE=0
ID_AUDIO_NCH=1
ID_LENGTH=3207.00
ID_SEEKABLE=1
ID_CHAPTERS=0
ID_AUDIO_BITRATE=512000
ID_AUDIO_RATE=32000
ID_AUDIO_NCH=1
ID_AUDIO_CODEC=pcm
ID_EXIT=EOF")
I am using the openwith package in emacs. I would like to open .fig files with xfig with some additional options, for example:
xfig -specialtext -latexfont -startlatexFont default file.fig
openwith is working for me with other file associations where I don't need to pass additional options. I tried the following in my .emacs file
(setq
openwith-associations
'(("\\.fig\\'" "xfig" (file))))
which works, but
(setq
openwith-associations
'(("\\.fig\\'" "xfig -specialtext -latexfont -startlatexFont default" (file))))
does not work (error: Wrong type argument: arrayp, nil), also
(setq
openwith-associations
'(("\\.fig\\'" "xfig" (" -specialtext -latexfont -startlatexFont default " file))))
does not work, although here I don't get any error. It says "Opened file.fig in external program" but nothing happens. In this case, I notice that there is an xfig process running with all these options.
Could someone let me know how to fix this?
Thanks for the help.
I have no clue how this works, so I just document how one can figure it by reading the code:
The important code in openwith.el is the call to start-process in:
(dolist (oa openwith-associations)
(let (match)
(save-match-data
(setq match (string-match (car oa) (car args))))
(when match
(let ((params (mapcar (lambda (x)
(if (eq x 'file)
(car args)
(format "%s" x))) (nth 2 oa))))
(apply #'start-process "openwith-process" nil
(cadr oa) params))
(kill-buffer nil)
(throw 'openwith-done t))))
The in your case oa would have the following structure, and the cadr is "xfig":
(cadr '("\.fig\'" "xfig" (file))) ;; expands to => xfig
This is the definition and doc of start-process:
Function: start-process name buffer-or-name program &rest args
http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/elisp/html_node/Asynchronous-Processes.html
args, are strings that specify command line arguments for the program.
An example:
(start-process "my-process" "foo" "ls" "-l" "/user/lewis/bin")
Now we need to figure out how params is constructed. With your example the argument to the mapcar is:
(nth 2 '("\.fig\'" "xfig" (file))) ;=> (file)
By the way you can write such lines in the scratch buffer in emacs and run them with C-M-x.
The (car args) refers to the parameter you give to openwith-association, note how the occurance of 'file in (nth 2 oa) is replaced by that. I'll just replace it with "here.txt" for now:
(mapcar (lambda (x)
(if (eq x 'file)
"here.txt"
(format "%s" x))) (nth 2 '("\.fig\'" "xfig" (file)))) ;=> ("here.txt")
Okay, now we see how the argument should be constructed:
(mapcar (lambda (x)
(if (eq x 'file)
"here.txt"
(format "%s" x)))
(nth 2 '("\.fig\'" "xfig"
("-specialtext" "-latexfont" "-startlatexFont" "default" file))))
; => ("-specialtext" "-latexfont" "-startlatexFont" "default" "here.txt")
Try this:
(setq openwith-associations
'(("\\.fig\\'" "xfig" ("-specialtext" "-latexfont" "-startlatexFont" "default" file))))
You have to supply each word as a single string in the list of parameters.