When I have imported the SDWebImage framework into my project.
I get 2 warning messages.
They all say 'Duplicate definition of category "WebCache" on interface "UIImageView" '
Besides, there is one also shown 'In module "WebImage" import from <built-in>:1: '
How to hide or make sure it won't show out anymore?
Note:
The Framework imported, and linked with binary files. And I'am using swift so that I linked the bridge as well -> "#import 《SDWebImage/UIImageView+WebCache.h》 "
Use #import SDWebImage; instead of #import <SDWebImage/UIImageView+WebCache.h> (not just in the bridge file but anywhere in your project).
I simply want to include my Swift class from another file, like its test
PrimeNumberModel.swift
import Foundation
class PrimeNumberModel { }
PrimeNumberModelTests.swift
import XCTest
import PrimeNumberModel // gives me "No such module 'PrimeNumberModel'"
class PrimeNumberModelTests: XCTestCase {
let testObject = PrimeNumberModel() // "Use of unresolved identifier 'PrimeNumberModel'"
}
Both swift files are in the same directory.
I had the same problem, also in my XCTestCase files, but not in the regular project files.
To get rid of the:
Use of unresolved identifier 'PrimeNumberModel'
I needed to import the base module in the test file. In my case, my target is called 'myproject' and I added import myproject and the class was recognised.
UPDATE Swift 2.x, 3.x, 4.x and 5.x
Now you don't need to add the public to the methods to test then.
On newer versions of Swift it's only necessary to add the #testable keyword.
PrimeNumberModelTests.swift
import XCTest
#testable import MyProject
class PrimeNumberModelTests: XCTestCase {
let testObject = PrimeNumberModel()
}
And your internal methods can keep Internal
PrimeNumberModel.swift
import Foundation
class PrimeNumberModel {
init() {
}
}
Note that private (and fileprivate) symbols are not available even with using #testable.
Swift 1.x
There are two relevant concepts from Swift here (As Xcode 6 beta 6).
You don't need to import Swift classes, but you need to import external modules (targets)
The Default Access Control level in Swift is Internal access
Considering that tests are on another target on PrimeNumberModelTests.swift you need to import the target that contains the class that you want to test, if your target is called MyProject will need to add import MyProject to the PrimeNumberModelTests:
PrimeNumberModelTests.swift
import XCTest
import MyProject
class PrimeNumberModelTests: XCTestCase {
let testObject = PrimeNumberModel()
}
But this is not enough to test your class PrimeNumberModel, since the default Access Control level is Internal Access, your class won't be visible to the test bundle, so you need to make it Public Access and all the methods that you want to test:
PrimeNumberModel.swift
import Foundation
public class PrimeNumberModel {
public init() {
}
}
In the Documentation it says there are no import statements in Swift.
Simply use:
let primNumber = PrimeNumberModel()
Check target-membership of PrimeNumberModel.swift in your testing target.
In Objective-C, if you wanted to use a class in another file you had to import it:
#import "SomeClass.h"
However, in Swift, you don't have to import at all. Simply use it as if it was already imported.
Example
// This is a file named SomeClass.swift
class SomeClass : NSObject {
}
// This is a different file, named OtherClass.swift
class OtherClass : NSObject {
let object = SomeClass()
}
As you can see, no import was needed. Hope this helps.
According To Apple you don't need an import for swift files in the Same Target. I finally got it working by adding my swift file to both my regular target and test target. Then I used the bridging header for test to make sure my ObjC files that I referenced in my regular bridging header were available. Ran like a charm now.
import XCTest
//Optionally you can import the whole Objc Module by doing #import ModuleName
class HHASettings_Tests: XCTestCase {
override func setUp() {
let x : SettingsTableViewController = SettingsTableViewController()
super.setUp()
// Put setup code here. This method is called before the invocation of each test method in the class.
}
override func tearDown() {
// Put teardown code here. This method is called after the invocation of each test method in the class.
super.tearDown()
}
func testExample() {
// This is an example of a functional test case.
XCTAssert(true, "Pass")
}
func testPerformanceExample() {
// This is an example of a performance test case.
self.measureBlock() {
// Put the code you want to measure the time of here.
}
}
}
SO make sure PrimeNumberModel has a target of your test Target. Or High6 solution of importing your whole module will work
I was able to solve this problem by cleaning my build.
Top menu -> Product -> Clean
Or keyboard shortcut: Shift+Cmd+K
As of Swift 2.0, best practice is:
Add the line #testable import MyApp to the top of your tests file, where "MyApp" is the Product Module Name of your app target (viewable in your app target's build settings). That's it.
(Note that the product module name will be the same as your app target's name unless your app target's name contains spaces, which will be replaced with underscores. For example, if my app target was called "Fun Game" I'd write #testable import Fun_Game at the top of my tests.)
Check your PrimeNumberModelTests Target Settings.
If you can't see PrimeNumberModel.swift file in Build Phases/Compile Sources, add it.
You need to add a routine for the compiler to reference as an entry point, so add a main.swift file, which in this case simply creates an instance of your test file:
main.swift
PrimeNumberModelTests()
Then compile on the command line (I am using El Capitan and Swift 2.2):
xcrun -sdk macosx swiftc -emit-executable -o PrimeNumberMain PrimeNumberModel.swift PrimeNumberModelTests.swift main.swift
In this case, you will get a warning: result of initializer is unused, but the program compiles and is executable:
./PrimeNumberMain
CAVEAT: I removed the import XCTest and XCTestCase type for simplicity.
So, you need to
Import external modules you want to use
And make sure you have the right access modifiers on the class and methods you want to use.
In my case I had a swift file I wanted to unit test, and the unit test file was also a swift class. I made sure the access modifiers were correct, but the statement
import stMobile
(let's say that stMobile is our target name)
still did not work (I was still getting the 'No such module' error), I checked my target, and its name was indeed stMobile. So, I went to Build Settings, under packaging, and found the Product Module Name, and for some reason this was called St_Mobile, so I changed my import statement
import St_Mobile
(which is the Product Module Name), and everything worked.
So, to sum up:
Check your Product Module Name and use the import statement below in you unit test class
import myProductModuleName
Make sure your access modifiers are correct (class level and your methods).
Instead of requiring explicit imports, the Swift compiler implicitly searches for .swiftmodule files of dependency Swift libraries.
Xcode can build swift modules for you, or refer to the railsware blog for command line instructions for swiftc.
As #high6 and #erik-p-hansen pointed out in the answer given by #high6, this can be overcome by importing the target for the module where the PrimeNumberModel class is, which is probably the same name as your project in a simple project.
While looking at this, I came across the article Write your first Unit Test in Swift on swiftcast.tv by Clayton McIlrath. It discusses access modifiers, shows an example of the same problem you are having (but for a ViewController rather than a model file) and shows how to both import the target and solve the access modifier problem by including the destination file in the target, meaning you don't have to make the class you are trying to test public unless you actually want to do so.
I added the Facebook sdk code to my project then I got this error because I already had a json library, so I deleted the Facebook json library from my computer and from the project but I still get this error. I search the whole project for "#interface SBJsonBase" and I only get one result. How can it say it's a duplicate when I only have one interface? Is it including the file twice? Does the search not always find everything?
May be this helps? Delete your derived data and do a clean project, then try to build again
I had a simular problem. It was a small search, but I could solve it without creating a new project etc...
The thing was I had a Class B that was importing Class A.
Then I had a class that imported Class B and also Class A.
When I did this, these problems occured.
Eg. A SOAP webservice Class imports all the Entities that are passed over the web.
Class goToSchoolWebservice.
import "person.h"
import "school.h"
...
Then I had a Singleton class used for caching that had the Logged in Person and also a ref to the webservice class.
import "person.h"
import "goToSchoolWebservice.h"
--> this is where is went wrong!!
So watch out for these circular references. ITs not so easy to detect them!
if your using #include instead of import then use this technique to minimize duplicates: at the begining of your interface (actually right before it) do check for a definition and if not defined then define it and proceed to define your interface. here is an example:
#ifndef __NetworkOptionsViewController__H // check if this has every been imported before
#define __NetworkOptionsViewController__H
#import "blahblah.h"
#interface NetworkOptionsViewController : UITableViewController
{
NSMutableArray* somevariable1;
int somevariable2;
}
#end
#endif
-- for me personally, i got this error though because the file path to my class was wrong. I checked file inspector and my class file was not defined in Classes folder even though the IDE said it was. I deleted them and copied them over again.
For those that still get this error, despite following header import conventions: I got this error from importing a header that had been deleted from the project. The missing header was instead found in an old backup of my project in dropbox (That I made before doing some destructive stuff in Git), and that file caused the circular import.
I solved a similar problem by moving all the imports to the prefix header file.
I wanted to try out PLActorKit for iPhone: http://code.google.com/p/plactorkit/
but I still get the error, that classes from this framework can't be found.
I downloaded the the .dmg file and added the ActorKit.framework to my project. In the class I want to use the framework I wrote
#import <ActorKit/ActorKit.h>
in the .h file.
When I try to use classes from the ActorKit framework in my .m file I still get the error
*_OBJC_CLASS_$_PLActorKit*, referenced from: Objc-class-ref-to-PLActorKit in myClass.o
Symbol(s) not found
I don't know what I did wrong.
where are the headers located? if they are in your classes directory then try using:
#import "ActorKit/ActorKit.h"
else you need to add the directory containing the headers to the headers search path. for whatever reason it can't currently find the headers, or the static framework/project isn't being built. you may have to set it up as a direct dependency.
When I compile my iPhone app, xCode gives "duplicate symbol" error for my variables in MyConstants.h
I thought if I used:
#import "MyConstants.h"
it would avoid that?
But I still have the problem.
Added info:
The error occurs during "linking".
(I'm just using xCode's "Build and Go" button.)
I also tried the (unnecessary with #import) #ifndef/def method, too.
Maybe I should just ask this:
If you needed to access a constant in EVERY part of ALL your source code files... what would you put in your .h file? What would you use to include that constant in other parts of your code.
I thought (but I guess it's not) it was simple as:
MyConstants.h> int thisIsGlobal = 123;
(No where am I re-defining thisIsGlobal anywhere in any code.)
And then just "#import MyConstants.h" at the top of each of my other source files.
What you can do is put in your header (MyConstants.h):
extern const int MyConstant;
extern NSString * const MyStringConstant;
And in a source file, include the header above but define the constants (MyConstants.m):
const int MyConstant = 123;
NSString * const MyStringConstant = #"SomeString";
Then, you simply need to include the header in any other source file that uses either of these constants. The header is simply declaring that these constants exist somewhere, so the compiler won't complain, because it's the linker's job to resolve these constant names. The source file that contains your constant definitions gets compiled, and the linker sees that this is where the constants are, and resolves all of the references found in the other source files.
The problem with declaring and defining a constant in a header (that is not declared as static) is that the compiler treats it as an independent global for each file that includes that header. When the linker tries to link all of your compiled sources together it encounters the global name as many times as you have included MyConstants.h.
Two options:
static const int thisIsGlobal = 123;
or
#define thisIsGlobal 123
I use like this, and works: (in a .h outside #interface)
static NSString * const mkLocaleIdentifierUS = #"en_US";
static NSString * const mkLocaleUserSystemSettings = nil;
This is because the symbol name in question (thisIsGlobal) is being emitted into every object file created, where the header containing the declaration for thisIsGlobal is included and visible.
The examples provided by another poster: 'extern const int MyConstant;' is the best way, unless you need the value to be visible, in which case you can use an enum:
int thisIsGlobal = 123; // bad
enum { thisIsGlobal = 123 }; // ok
using static will emit a lot of hidden symbols in a large program -- don't use it. Using a define is scary as well (considering there are safer alternatives available, why not use them?).
I usually put my application constants file in the Xcode project's MyApplication_Prefix.pch file, usually located within the Other Sources group. Any header file included in this pch file will be included from all files in your project.
After adding this include statement, you would then no longer need to include your MyConstants.h file from every file in your project — it will be included automatically.