Sharding on single machine - mongodb

Question

I want to run shard on my local server.
please help me step by step.
I want to create multi instance of mongod on my cpu(16 core).
By the way, I'm Collection that consist of 7 million documents, whether they went missing when I run shard?
I use this script for creating 3 shard on one replicaSet:
# clean everything up
echo "killing mongod and mongos"
killall mongod
killall mongos
echo "removing data files"
rm -rf /media/mongo/data/config
rm -rf /media/mongo/data/shard*
rm -rf /data/config
rm -rf /data/shard*
# For mac make sure rlimits are high enough to open all necessary connections
ulimit -n 2048
# start a replica set and tell it that it will be shard0
mkdir -p /media/mongo/data/shard0/rs0
mongod --replSet s0 --logpath "/var/log/mongodb/s0-r0.log" --dbpath /media/mongo/data/shard0/rs0 --port 37017 --fork --shardsvr --smallfiles
sleep 5
# connect to one server and initiate the set
mongo --port 37017 << 'EOF'
config = { _id: "s0", members:[
{ _id : 0, host : "localhost:37017" },
]};
rs.initiate(config)
EOF
# start a replicate set and tell it that it will be a shard1
mkdir -p /media/mongo/data/shard1/rs0
mongod --replSet s1 --logpath "/var/log/mongodb/s1-r0.log" --dbpath /media/mongo/data/shard1/rs0 --port 47017 --fork --shardsvr --smallfiles
sleep 5
mongo --port 47017 << 'EOF'
config = { _id: "s1", members:[
{ _id : 0, host : "localhost:47017" },
]};
rs.initiate(config)
EOF
# start a replicate set and tell it that it will be a shard2
mkdir -p /media/mongo/data/shard2/rs0
mongod --replSet s2 --logpath "/var/log/mongodb/s2-r0.log" --dbpath /media/mongo/data/shard2/rs0 --port 57017 --fork --shardsvr --smallfiles
sleep 5
mongo --port 57017 << 'EOF'
config = { _id: "s2", members:[
{ _id : 0, host : "localhost:57017" },
]};
rs.initiate(config)
EOF
# now start 3 config servers
rm cfg-a.log cfg-b.log cfg-c.log
mkdir -p /media/mongo/data/config/config-a /media/mongo/data/config/config-b /media/mongo/data/config/config-c
mongod --logpath "/var/log/mongodb/cfg-a.log" --dbpath /media/mongo/data/config/config-a --port 57040 --fork --configsvr --smallfiles
mongod --logpath "/var/log/mongodb/cfg-b.log" --dbpath /media/mongo/data/config/config-b --port 57041 --fork --configsvr --smallfiles
mongod --logpath "/var/log/mongodb/cfg-c.log" --dbpath /media/mongo/data/config/config-c --port 57042 --fork --configsvr --smallfiles
# now start the mongos on port 27018
rm mongos-1.log
sleep 5
mongos --port 27018 --logpath "/var/log/mongodb/mongos-1.log" --configdb localhost:57040,localhost:57041,localhost:57042 --fork
echo "Waiting 60 seconds for the replica sets to fully come online"
sleep 60
echo "Connnecting to mongos and enabling sharding"
# add shards and enable sharding on the test db
mongo --port 27018 << 'EOF'
db.adminCommand( { addshard : "s0/"+"localhost:37017" } );
db.adminCommand( { addshard : "s1/"+"localhost:47017" } );
db.adminCommand( { addshard : "s2/"+"localhost:57017" } );
db.adminCommand({enableSharding: "IBSng"});
EOF
sleep 5
echo "Done setting up sharded environment on localhost"
But I don't know that how to add shard key on my collection.
I speed write/read(I/O) is very important.

Answer 1

Sharding will not help improve query performance if it is done on a single machine which has huge number of documents(7 million is not small).
Reason : MongoDB uses memory mapped files which means copy of your data and indexes is stored in RAM and whenever there is a query it fetches it from the RAM itself. In the current scenario your queries are slower because your data + indexes size is so large that it will not fit in RAM , hence there will be lot of I/O activity to get data from disk which is the bottleneck.
What else can be done to improve query performance (incase Sharding is not an option):
Increase RAM on your machine
Use indexes
Redesign schema
Note - Even if you implement the above points, there is a limit to how much query performance can be improved, with sharding linear scaling of read/write throughput can be expected.