I am using ilaplace transform in matlab to compute the inverse Laplace transform of a function, however, I meet a strange error I cannot handle. Here is the output from matlab command line, where >> is the prompt. (s and t are syms symbolic variables)
>> N
N =
-(2.7071747341794232778783099808678e-34*(3.5938879023008902403763863659998e33*s - 68267793397927900578281423804583.0))/s^2
>> ilaplace(N)
Error using mupadmex
Error in MuPAD command: The argument is invalid. [_concat]
Evaluating: partfrac
Error in transform (line 74)
F = mupadmex('symobj::vectorizeSpecfunc', f.s, x.s, w.s, trans_func,
'infinity');
Error in sym/ilaplace (line 31)
F = transform('ilaplace', 's', 't', 'x', L, varargin{:});
>> ilaplace(-(2.7071747341794232778783099808678e-34*(3.5938879023008902403763863659998e33*s - 68267793397927900578281423804583.0))/s^2)
ans =
(23990078920530555628928726307903*t)/1298074214633706907132624082305024 - 4933332333844707562298796153537/5070602400912917605986812821504
The prblem is, if I directly invoke ilaplace(N), I have an error. However, if I pass the expression to ilaplace, I have the right answer. I don't know why.
EDIT: The complete code file is as follows.
syms s t;
syms s positive;
syms t positive;
tau = 4.2562313045743237429846099474892;
V_fitted = 1 - 1.015*exp(-0.0825*t); % CDF function
V_fitted_right_shift = subs(V_fitted, t, t - tau); % right shift CDF by tau
lambda_out = 1 / ( tau + int((1 - V_fitted_right_shift), [tau, Inf]) ); %arrival rate of the process
K = 4; %number of processes
V_CDF_superposed = 1 - (1 - V_fitted_right_shift)*(lambda_out * int((1-V_fitted_right_shift), [t-tau, Inf]))^(K - 1); %new CDF
FV_CDF_superposed = vpa(V_CDF_superposed);
Laplace_V_CDF_superposed = laplace(FV_CDF_superposed); %laplace transform
N = Laplace_V_CDF_superposed/(1 - s * Laplace_V_CDF_superposed);
N = vpa(N);
N = simplify(N);
N_t = ilaplace(N);
Related
I am working through an example using fmincon().
I define my objective function in objFun.m
function f=objFun(x)
f = 100*(x(2) - (x(1))^2)^2 + (1 - x(1))^2;
end
and I define an initial point x0
x0=[1; -1]
And if I run the objective function with that point as a test I get
>> objFun(x0)
ans =
400
But when I try to use it in fmincon() I get
>> [x, fval] = fmincon(objFun, x0, [1;2],1,[],[],[0; -inf],[inf, 0]);
Not enough input arguments.
Error in objFun (line 2)
f = 100*(x(2) - (x(1))^2)^2 + (1 - x(1))^2;
I suspect I'm missing something very simple here, but what?
you need to pass a handle to the function #objFun not the function itself, and your A and x0 matrix need to be transposed, ie: a row with 2 columns, each row in A is another linear constraint.
x0=[1, -1];
A = [1,2];
b = 1;
[x, fval] = fmincon(#objFun, x0, A,b,[],[],[0; -inf],[inf; 0]);
function f=objFun(x)
f = 100*(x(2) - (x(1))^2)^2 + (1 - x(1))^2;
end
I get an error when taking the gradient of a symbolic function. Can anyone tell me why I get this error?
syms x1 x2 R
L0=0; %[m]
k1=8; %[N/m]
k2=4; %[N/m]
F1=5; %[N]
F2=10; %[N]
F = 0.5*k1*(sqrt(x1^2 + (L0-x2)^2) - L0)^2 + 0.5*k2*(sqrt(x1^2 + (L0+x2)^2)
- L0)^2 - F1*x1 - F2*x2;
f = matlabFunction(F);
R = 0.1;
GI = x1^2 + x2^2 - R^2;
gi = matlabFunction(GI);
epsilon=0.001;
xo=[0,0]';
k = 0;
r = (sqrt(5)-1) / 2;
rpe=0.01;
Merit_pe = #(x1,x2) f(x1,x2) + rpe*(max(0,gi(x1,x2)))^2;
g = gradient(Merit_pe, [x1 x2]);
Error:
Error using sym/max (line 97)
Input arguments must be convertible to
floating-point numbers.
Error in
Ex>#(x1,x2)f(x1,x2)+rpe*(max(0,gi(x1,x2)))^2
Error in sym>funchandle2ref (line 1249)
S = x(S{:});
Error in sym>tomupad (line 1154)
x = funchandle2ref(x);
Error in sym (line 163)
S.s = tomupad(x);
Error in sym/gradient (line 17)
args = privResolveArgs(sym(f));
Error in Ex (line 31)
g = gradient(Merit_pe, [x1 x2])
I think the max part is causing me trouble, but I still need to determine the gradient of this function. Any advise? (I could do it by hand I guess, but I'd rather not if I don't have to)
Directly taking the gradient of max(0,gi(x1,x2)) is not possible in matlab. Instead the function should be defined according to the following definition.
The function Merit_pe can then be defined as follows:
if gi(xo(1,1),xo(2,1)) > 0
Merit_pe = #(x1,x2) f(x1,x2) + rpe*(gi(x1,x2))^2;
else
Merit_pe = #(x1,x2) f(x1,x2);
end
The gradient can then be determined using:
g = gradient(Merit_pe, [x1 x2]);
I am having difficulty in finding roots of a nonlinear equation. I have tried Matlab and Maple both, and both give me the same error which is
Error, (in RootFinding:-NextZero) can only handle isolated zeros
The equation goes like
-100 + 0.1335600000e-5*H + (1/20)*H*arcsinh(2003.40/H)
The variable is H in the equation.
How do I find the roots (or the approximate roots) of this equation?
Matlab Code:
The function file:
function hor_force = horizontal(XY, XZ, Lo, EAo, qc, VA)
syms H
equation = (-1*ZZ) + (H/qc)*(cosh((qc/H)*(XZ- XB))) - H/qc + ZB;
hor_force = `solve(equation);`
The main file:
EAo = 7.5*10^7;
Lo = 100.17;
VA = 2002;
XY = 0;
ZY = 0;
XB = 50;
ZB = -2;
XZ = 100;
ZZ = 0;
ql = 40;
Error which Matlab shows:
Error using sym/solve (line 22)
Error using maplemex
Error, (in RootFinding:-NextZero) can only handle isolated zeros
Error in horizontal (line 8)
hor_force = solve(equation);
Error in main (line 34)
h = horizontal(XY, XZ, Lo, EAo, ql, VA)
http://postimg.org/image/gm93z3b7z/
You don't need the symbolic toolbox for this:
First, create an anonymous function that can take vectors at input (use .* and ./:
equation = #(H) ((-1*ZZ) + (H./qc).*(cosh((qc./H).*(XZ- XB))) - H./qc + ZB);
Second, create a vector that you afterwards insert into the equation to find approximately when the sign of the function changes. In the end, use fzero with x0 as the second input parameter.
H = linspace(1,1e6,1e4);
x0 = H(find(diff(sign(equation(H))))); %// Approximation of when the line crosses zero
x = fzero(equation, x0) %// Use fzero to find the crossing point, using the initial guess x0
x =
2.5013e+04
equation(x)
ans =
0
To verify:
You might want to check out this question for more information about how to find roots of non-polynomials.
In Maple, using the expression from your question,
restart:
ee := -100 + 0.1335600000e-5*H + (1/20)*H*arcsinh(2003.40/H):
Student:-Calculus1:-Roots(ee, -1e6..1e6);
[ 5 ]
[-1.240222868 10 , -21763.54830, 18502.23816]
#plot(ee, H=-1e6..1e6, view=-1..1);
I am not so much experiences with Matlab. I just need it for the sake of solving some lengthy non-linear equations. Instead of using fzero, I wanna use Newton-Raphson's to solve the equation.
newton.m file contains the following code.
function [ x, ex ] = newton( f, df, x0, tol, nmax )
if nargin == 3
tol = 1e-4;
nmax = 1e1;
elseif nargin == 4
nmax = 1e1;
elseif nargin ~= 5
error('newton: invalid input parameters');
end
x(1) = x0 - (f(x0)/df(x0));
ex(1) = abs(x(1)-x0);
k = 2;
while (ex(k-1) >= tol) && (k <= nmax)
x(k) = x(k-1) - (f(x(k-1))/df(x(k-1)));
ex(k) = abs(x(k)-x(k-1));
k = k+1;
end
end
And in the main file, I have called this function as follows:
ext_H = newton( exp(x) + x^3, diff(exp(x) + x^3), 9, 0.5*10^-5, 10);
When I run this function, it gives me the following error.
Error using sym/subsref (line 9)
Error using maplemex
Error, (in MTM:-subsref) Array index out of range
Error in newton (line 37)
x(1) = x0 - (f(x0)/df(x0));
Error in main (line 104)
ext_H = newton( exp(x) + x^3, diff(exp(x) + x^3), 9, 0.5*10^-5, 10);
Could anyone please help me to get through this?
You can probably use Matlab's fsolve (http://uk.mathworks.com/help/optim/ug/fsolve.html) with a couple of options
x0 = 9;
options = optimoptions('fsolve','Algorithm','levenberg-marquardt','TolFun',5*10^-6,'MaxIter',100);
x = fsolve(#(x)(exp(x) + x^3), x0,options);
or just fzero (http://uk.mathworks.com/help/optim/ug/fzero.html) which implements BD algorithm
x = fzero(#(x)(exp(x) + x^3), x0);
I want to solve equations in matlab, eg.
100+a/2=173*cos(b)
sqrt(3)*a/2=173*sin(b）
and the code would be:
[a,b]=solve('100+a/2=173*cos(b)','sqrt(3)*a/2=173*sin(b)','a','b')
However, if I want to take 100 as a variable, like
for k=1:100
[a,b]=solve('k+a/2=173*cos(b)','sqrt(3)*a/2=173*sin(b)','a','b')
end
There would be an error, how to make it?
degree=140/1000000;
p=42164000;
a=6378136.5;
b=6356751.8;
x_1=0;
y_1=p;
z_1=0;
for i=451:550
for j=451:550
alpha=(1145-i)*degree;
beta=(1145-j)*degree;
x_2=p/cos(alpha)*tan(beta);
y_2=0;
z_2=p*tan(alpha);
syms x y z x_1 x_2 y_1 y_2 z_1 z_2 a b
eq = [(x-x_1)*(y2-y_1)-(x_2-x_1)*(y-y_1),(x-x_1)*(z_2-z_1)-(x_2-x_1)*(z-z_1), b^2*(x^2+y^2)+a^2*(y^2)-a^2*b^2 ];
sol = solve(eq(1),x,eq(2),y, eq(3),z);
sol.x
sol.y
sol.z
end
end
I got the expression value, how do I get the numeric value of x,y,z?
[['x(1)=';'x(2)='],num2str(double(sol.x))]
not work ,shows
??? Error using ==> mupadmex
Error in MuPAD command: DOUBLE cannot convert the input expression into a double array.
If the input expression contains a symbolic variable, use the VPA function instead.
Error in ==> sym.sym>sym.double at 927
Xstr = mupadmex('mllib::double', S.s, 0);
Error in ==> f2 at 38
[['x(1)=';'x(2)='],num2str(double(sol.x))]
If you have access to the Symbolic Toolkit then you do the following:
syms a b k
eq = [k+a/2-173*cos(b), sqrt(3)*a/2-173*sin(b)];
sol = solve(eq(1),a,eq(2),b);
sol.a = simplify(sol.a);
sol.b = simplify(sol.b);
% There are two solutions for 'a' and 'b'
% check residuals for example k=20
subs(subs(eq,{a,b},{sol.a(1),sol.b(1)}),k,20)
% ans = 0.2e-13
subs(subs(eq,{a,b},{sol.a(2),sol.b(2)}),k,20)
% ans = 0.2e-13
Edit 1
Based on new code by OP the matlab script to solve this is:
clear all
clc
syms alpha beta
degree=140/1000000;
p=42164000;
a=6378136.5;
b=6356751.8;
x_1=0;
y_1=p;
z_1=0;
x_2 = p/cos(alpha)*tan(beta);
y_2 = 0;
z_2 = p*tan(alpha);
syms x y z
eq = [(x-x_1)*(y_2-y_1)-(x_2-x_1)*(y-y_1);...
(x-x_1)*(z_2-z_1)-(x_2-x_1)*(z-z_1); ...
b^2*(x^2+y^2)+a^2*(y^2)-a^2*b^2 ];
sol = solve(eq(1),x,eq(2),y,eq(3),z);
sol.x = simplify(sol.x);
sol.y = simplify(sol.y);
sol.z = simplify(sol.z);
pt_1 = [sol.x(1);sol.y(1);sol.z(1)] % First Solution Point
pt_2 = [sol.x(2);sol.y(2);sol.z(2)] % Second Solution Point
x = zeros(100,100);
y = zeros(100,100);
z = zeros(100,100);
for i=451:550
disp(['i=',num2str(i)])
for j=451:550
res = double(subs(pt_1,{alpha,beta},{(1145-i)*degree,(1145-j)*degree}));
x(i-450, j-450) = res(1);
y(i-450, j-450) = res(2);
z(i-450, j-450) = res(3);
end
end
disp('x=');
disp(x);
disp('y=');
disp(x);
disp('z=');
disp(x);
I would try
for i=1:100
k=num2str(i)
[a,b]=solve('100+a/2=173*cos(b)','sqrt(3)*a/2=173*sin(b)','a','b')
end
and then solve the equation