Rails Tutorial (3rd Ed) Integration tests not running because of invalid css selector (c9.io ?) - railstutorial.org

Question

I'm going through the Rails Tutorial (using the cloud9 ide)
(3rd Edition https://www.railstutorial.org/book/)
and I'm running into something odd.
I've just finished chapter 7, and I'm just now noticing that some of my assertions from chapter 5 are not running because "The assertion was not run because of an invalid css selector."
Here's the contents of my test/integration/site_layout_test.rb
require 'test_helper'
class SiteLayoutTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest
test "layout links" do
get root_path
assert_template 'static_pages/home'
assert_select "a[href=?", root_path, count: 2
assert_select "a[href=?", help_path
assert_select "a[href=?", about_path
assert_select "a[href=?", contact_path
assert_select "a[href=?", signup_path
end
end
It seems to be a character for character match to the code found in
https://github.com/mhartl/sample_app_3rd_edition/blob/master/test/integration/site_layout_test.rb
the errors that I'm getting are as follows
DEPRECATION WARNING: The assertion was not run because of an invalid css selector.======= ] 66% Time: 00:00:00, ETA: 00:00:00
unexpected '$' after '[:equal, "\"/\""]' (called from block in <class:SiteLayoutTest> at /home/ubuntu/workspace/sample_app/test/integration/site_layout_test.rb:7)
DEPRECATION WARNING: The assertion was not run because of an invalid css selector.
unexpected '$' after '[:equal, "\"/help\""]' (called from block in <class:SiteLayoutTest> at /home/ubuntu/workspace/sample_app/test/integration/site_layout_test.rb:8)
DEPRECATION WARNING: The assertion was not run because of an invalid css selector.
unexpected '$' after '[:equal, "\"/about\""]' (called from block in <class:SiteLayoutTest> at /home/ubuntu/workspace/sample_app/test/integration/site_layout_test.rb:9)
DEPRECATION WARNING: The assertion was not run because of an invalid css selector.
unexpected '$' after '[:equal, "\"/contact\""]' (called from block in <class:SiteLayoutTest> at /home/ubuntu/workspace/sample_app/test/integration/site_layout_test.rb:10)
DEPRECATION WARNING: The assertion was not run because of an invalid css selector.
unexpected '$' after '[:equal, "\"/signup\""]' (called from block in <class:SiteLayoutTest> at /home/ubuntu/workspace/sample_app/test/integration/site_layout_test.rb:11)
What I find really interesting is that if I delete all of the content from my stylesheets, I still get the same errors.
I have no clue as to where the term "about_path" (or any of the other path symbols) is picking up a $ char.
Am I missing something obvious, I can't find any references when I google the the warning text that has helps me track things back.

Answer 1

You are missing closing square brackets in your a[href] arguments. Your code should be as follows:
require 'test_helper'
class SiteLayoutTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest
test "layout links" do
get root_path
assert_template 'static_pages/home'
assert_select "a[href=?]", root_path, count: 2
assert_select "a[href=?]", help_path
assert_select "a[href=?]", about_path
assert_select "a[href=?]", contact_path
assert_select "a[href=?]", signup_path
end
end