I have a report looks like this:
par_a
.xx
.yy
par_b
.zz
.tt
I wish to convert this format into csv format as below using sed 1 liner:
par_a,.xx
par_a,.yy
par_b,.zz
par_b,.tt
please help.
With awk:
awk '/^par_/{v=$0;next}/^ /{$0=v","$1;print}' File
Or to make it more generic:
awk '/^[^[:blank:]]/{v=$0;next} /^[[:blank:]]/{$0=v","$1;print}' File
When a line starts with par_, save the content to variable v. Now, when a line starts with space, change the line to content of v followed by , followed by the first field.
Output:
AMD$ awk '/^par_/{v=$0}/^ /{$0=v","$1;print}' File
par_a,.xx
par_a,.yy
par_b,.zz
par_b,.tt
With sed:
sed '/^par_/ { h; d; }; G; s/^[[:space:]]*//; s/\(.*\)\n\(.*\)/\2,\1/' filename
This works as follows:
/^par_/ { # if a new paragraph begins
h # remember it
d # but don't print anything yet
}
# otherwise:
G # fetch the remembered paragraph line to the pattern space
s/^[[:space:]]*// # remove leading whitespace
s/\(.*\)\n\(.*\)/\2,\1/ # rearrange to desired CSV format
Depending on your actual input data, you may want to replace the /^par_/ with, say, /^[^[:space:]]/. It just has to be a pattern that recognizes the beginning line of a paragraph.
Addendum: Shorter version that avoids regex repetition when using the space pattern to recognize paragraphs:
sed -r '/^\s+/! { h; d; }; s///; G; s/(.*)\n(.*)/\2,\1/' filename
Or, if you have to use BSD sed (as comes with Mac OS X):
sed '/^[[:space:]]\{1,\}/! { h; d; }; s///; G; s/\(.*\)\n\(.*\)/\2,\1/' filename
The latter should be portable to all seds, but as you can see, writing portable sed involves some pain.
Related
I have a file with multiple lines; but a specific line contains tons of information, with several repeated expressions. I'm trying to extract some specific values. I first tried some commands with sed, for instance, but with no success. So, I was wondering if you could give me some insights.
So, here you have one fraction of the unique line of the given document I mentioned:
[...]6[&length_range={0.19
[... a lot of more information here in between ...]
0.01},habitat.set.prob={0.01,0.03,0.56,0.01,0.01,0.34,0.01,0.01,0.01},DLOOP.rate_median=0.04131395026396427,length=
[...]
10[&length_range={0.19
[... a lot of more information here in between ...]
0.01},habitat.set.prob={0.21,0.33,0.56,0.01,0.01,0.33,0.01,0.01,0.61},DLOOP.rate_median=0.04131395026396427,length=
[...]
My aim here is first to extract all the values that is between the brackets, after "habitat.set.prob={". and put them in a single line in a text file.
Also, it would be important to extract the numbers that appears just before the expression "[&length_range=]", which in this case are "6" and "10". They are the label of the set of numbers after "prob={"
So the set of numbers I want to extract always appears between "habitat.set.prob={" and "},DLOOP.rate_median", while the other number (the label) is always rigth before "[&length_range="; but what is before the label is not the same expression; actually it is a random number.
The goal then is end up with a file with the following characteristcs:
6 0.21,0.33,0.56,0.01,0.01,0.33,0.01,0.01,0.61
10 0.21,0.33,0.56,0.01,0.01,0.33,0.01,0.01,0.61
and so on …
What do you think? Is this possible?
I started with this very basic command at least to try to extract the set of numbers, but it didn't work
sed -n "/habitat.set.prob={/,/},DLOOP.rate_median=/ p"
| Well... I got some improvement.
I was able to get the values at least:
awk '{gsub("habitat.set.prob={","\n");printf"%s",$0}' filename | awk -F'},' '{print $1"}"}' | grep -iv "TREE" > stats.txt
|
Many thanks in advance.
Cheers,
Luiz
Something like that:
sed -rn '/.*[0-9]+\[&length_range=\{/,/habitat.set.prob=\{/{s/.*\b([0-9]+)\[&length_range.*/\1/p; s/.*habitat.set.prob=\{([^D]+)\},DLOOP.rate.*/\1/p}' habitat
6
0.01,0.03,0.56,0.01,0.01,0.34,0.01,0.01,0.01
10
0.21,0.33,0.56,0.01,0.01,0.33,0.01,0.01,0.61
The first part '/.a./,/.b./' searches from pattern a to b, distributed over multiple lines. The -n told sed to do non-printing as default.
In '/.a./,/.b./{s/.c./.d./p; s/.e./.f./p}'
there are two substitution commands with p=print in curly braces.
I am not sure if you really digged a little, so not providing the complete answer, but let's hope this would help you:
for the first part: getting the no(which you call as label) you didn't mention if there is any specific pattern, so try this (data is the file which contains the actual input) - you need to work on how to get the number and tweak the RE a bit
sed -n 's/.*\([0-9][0-9]*\).*length_range.*/\1/p' data
For the other part which gives the numericals between habitat and DLOOP:
sed -n 's/.*habitat.set.prob=\(.*\),DLOOP.*/\1/pg' data | tr '{' ' ' | tr '}' ' '
Now, try to take this as a starter and work on your output to get your desired result!
To explain a bit:
In the first section - I am trying to capture the numericals between anything(.*) and (.*)length_range [you can escape the character [ and & by using \ in front of them]
In the second section: I am capturing pattern in between habitat.set.prob and DLOOP and then doin a tr to remove the brackets.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string p = "1:2:3:4"; //input your string
int arr[4] = {}; //create a new empty integer array to put the integers in it
for(int i=0, j=0; i <p.length(); i++){//loop on the string to extract integers
if( p[i] == ':'){continue;}//if the value = ':' skip it and continue
arr[j]=(int)p[i]-48;j++;//put the integer in the array we created
}
cout << "String={"<<arr[0]<<" "<<arr[1]<<" "<<arr[2]<<" "<<arr[3]<<"}";//print the array
return 0;
}
I have the following string:
signal[i]
signal[bg]
output [10:0]
input [i:1]
what I want is to replace the letters between square brackets (by underscore for example) and to keep the other strings that represents table declaration:
signal[_]
signal[__]
output [10:0]
input [i:1]
thanks
try:
awk '{gsub(/\[[a-zA-Z]+\]/,"[_]")} 1' Input_file
Globally substituting the (bracket)alphabets till their longest match then with [_]. Mentioning 1 will print the lines(edited or without edited ones).
EDIT: Above will substitute all alphabets with one single _, so to get as many underscores as many characters are there following may help in same.
awk '{match($0,/\[[a-zA-Z]+\]/);VAL=substr($0,RSTART+1,RLENGTH-2);if(VAL){len=length(VAL);;while(i<len){q=q?q"_":"_";i++}};gsub(/\[[a-zA-Z]+\]/,"["q"]")}1' Input_file
OR
awk '{
match($0,/\[[a-zA-Z]+\]/);
VAL=substr($0,RSTART+1,RLENGTH-2);
if(VAL){
len=length(VAL);
while(i<len){
q=q?q"_":"_";
i++
}
};
gsub(/\[[a-zA-Z]+\]/,"["q"]")
}
1
' Input_file
Will add explanation soon.
EDIT2: Following is the one with explanation purposes for OP and users.
awk '{
match($0,/\[[a-zA-Z]+\]/); #### using match awk's built-in utility to match the [alphabets] as per OP's requirement.
VAL=substr($0,RSTART+1,RLENGTH-2); #### Creating a variable named VAL which has substr($0,RSTART+1,RLENGTH-2); which will have substring value, whose starting point is RSTART+1 and ending point is RLENGTH-2.
RSTART and RLENGTH are the variables out of the box which will be having values only when awk finds any match while using match.
if(VAL){ #### Checking if value of VAL variable is NOT NULL. Then perform following actions.
len=length(VAL); #### creating a variable named len which will have length of variable VAL in it.
while(i<len){ #### Starting a while loop which will run till the value of VAL from i(null value).
q=q?q"_":"_"; #### creating a variable named q whose value will be concatenated it itself with "_".
i++ #### incrementing the value of variable i with 1 each time.
}
};
gsub(/\[[a-zA-Z]+\]/,"["q"]") #### Now globally substituting the value of [ alphabets ] with [ value of q(which have all underscores in it) then ].
}
1 #### Mentioning 1 will print (edited or non-edited) lines here.
' Input_file #### Mentioning the Input_file here.
Alternative gawk solution:
awk -F'\\[|\\]' '$2!~/^[0-9]+:[0-9]$/{ gsub(/./,"_",$2); $2="["$2"]" }1' OFS= file
The output:
signal[_]
signal[__]
output [10:0]
-F'\\[|\\]' - treating [ and ] as field separators
$2!~/^[0-9]+:[0-9]$/ - performing action if the 2nd field does not represent table declaration
gsub(/./,"_",$2) - replace each character with _
This might work for you (GNU sed);
sed ':a;s/\(\[_*\)[[:alpha:]]\([[:alpha:]]*\]\)/\1_\2/;ta' file
Match on opening and closing square brackets with any number of _'s and at least one alpha character and replace said character by an underscore and repeat.
awk '{sub(/\[i\]/,"[_]")sub(/\[bg\]/,"[__]")}1' file
signal[_]
signal[__]
output [10:0]
input [i:1]
The explanation is as follows: Since bracket is as special character it has to be escaped to be handled literally then it becomes easy use sub.
I have a text file including lines in the form of:
(term1 x:a y:b (term2 z:c k:a))
I want to extract only terms from this line using command line utilities such as awk, grep, sed. i.e I want the result to be:
term1
term2
I have formed a regex matching the rest but the terms, but could not find a way to negate it.
(\()|( \()|( (.*?) \()|( (.*?)\)+)
How can I form a command extracting the every substring after '(' and before ' '?
Thanks
Try this:
sed "s/(\([^ (]*\)[^(]*/\1\n/g"
For example:
$ echo "(term1 x:a y:b (term2 (term3) z:c k:a) x (termX a:b ) )" | sed "s/(\([^ )]*\)[^(]*/\1\n/g"
term1
term2
term3
termX
I have files with entries of the form:
$$
y = x^2
$$
I'm looking for a way (specifically using sed) to convert them to:
\begin{equation}
y = x^2
\end{equation}
The solution should not rely on the form of the equation (which may also span mutiple lines) nor on the text preceding the opening $$ or following the closing $$.
Thanks for the help.
sed '
/^\$\$$/ {
x
s/begin/&/
t use_end_tag
s/^.*$/\\begin{equation}/
h
b
: use_end_tag
s/^.*$/\\end{equation}/
h
}
'
Explanation:
sed maintains two buffers: the pattern space (pspace) and the hold space (hspace). It operates in cycles, where during each cycle it reads a line and executes the script for that line. pspace is usually auto-printed at the end of each cycle (unless the -n option is used), and then deleted before the next cycle. hspace holds its contents between cycles.
The idea of the script is that whenever $$ is seen, hspace is first checked to see if it contains the word "begin". If it does, then substitute the end tag; otherwise substitute the begin tag. In either case, store the substituted tag in the hold space so it can be checked next time.
sed '
/^\$\$$/ { # if line contains only $$
x # exchange pspace and hspace
s/begin/&/ # see if "begin" was in hspace
t use_end_tag # if it was, goto use_end_tag
s/^.*$/\\begin{equation}/ # replace pspace with \begin{equation}
h # set hspace to contents of pspace
b # start next cycle after auto-printing
: use_end_tag
s/^.*$/\\end{equation}/ # replace pspace with \end{equation}
h # set hspace to contents of pspace
}
'
This might work for you (GNU sed):
sed -r '1{x;s/^/\\begin{equation}\n\\end{equation}/;x};/\$\$/{g;P;s/(.*)\n(.*)/\2\n\1/;h;d}' file
Prime the hold space with the required strings. On encountering the marker print the first line and then swap the strings in anticipation of the next marker.
I can not help you with sed, but this awk should do:
awk '/\$\$/ && !f {$0="\\begin{equation}";f=1} /\$\$/ && f {$0="\\end{equation}";f=0}1' file
\begin{equation}
y = x^2
\end{equation}
The f=0is not needed, if its not repeated.
I have some java code declaring a 2d array that I want to flip.
Content is like:
zData[0][0] = 198;
zData[0][1] = 198;
zData[0][2] = 198;
...
And I want to flip indices to have
zData[0][0] = 198;
zData[1][0] = 198;
zData[2][0] = 198;
So I tried doing it with sed:
sed -r 's#zData[([0-9]*)][([0-9]*)]#zData[\2][\1]#g' DataSample1.java
But unfortunately sed says:
sed: -e expression #1, char 43: Unmatched ) or \)
Might the string "zData" hold kind of flag or option?
I tried not using the -r option but I have the same kind of message for:
sed 's#zData[\(\[\0\-\9\]\*\)][\(\[\0\-\9\]\*\)]#zData[\2][\1]#g' DataSample1.java
Thanks for your help
Simples:
$ sed -r 's/(zData)(\[[^]]+])(\[[^]]+])/\1\3\2/' file
zData[0][0] = 198;
zData[1][0] = 198;
zData[2][0] = 198;
Regexplanation:
# Match
(zData) # Capture the variable name we want to transpose
( # Start capture group for first index
\[ # Opening bracket escaped to mean literal [
[^]]+ # One or more none ] characters i.e the digits
] # The closing literal ] doesn't need escaping here.
) # Close the capture
(\[[^]]+]) # Same regexp as before for the second index
# Replace
\1\3\2 # Switch the indexes but rearranging the 2nd and 3rd capture groups
Note: Switch \[[^]]+] to if it is clearer \[[0-9]+] for you, so instead of saying match an opening square bracket followed by one or more none-closing brackets followed by a closing bracket you are saying match an opening square bracket followed by one or more digit followed by a closing bracket.
Try that one:
sed 's#\([a-zA-Z0-9_-]\+\)\(\[[^]]*\]\)\(\[[^]*]\]\)\(.*$\)#\1\3\2\4#'
It adds four captures for the variable name, the first index, the second index and the rest and then switches order.
Edit: #Sudo_O's solution with extended regular expressions is much more readable. Thx for that! Nevertheless, on some systems sed -r may not be available, since it is not part of basic POSIX.