Set-ExecutionPolicy which is the right one? - powershell

I have a Powershell script which is stored in a shared Folder on a machine in my Domain. Now I want to run this script on a Server which is in DMZ. What ExecutionPolicy must de domain server and the dmz server have to run this script? "Everyone" has "full rights" to run the script, but It doesn't work.
can I do that with set-executionpolicy?
thanks!

For running remote scripts you either need Set-ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted, run the script with powershell.exe -ExecutionPolicy Bypass, or sign the scripts.
Note that bypassing or changing the execution policy will only work if it's not enforced with a local or group policy.

Related

Powershell script not sending email on new computer - Execution_Policy issue? [duplicate]

I am trying to run a cmd file that calls a PowerShell script from cmd.exe, but I am getting this error:
Management_Install.ps1 cannot be loaded because the execution of scripts is disabled on this system.
I ran this command:
Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted
When I run Get-ExecutionPolicy from PowerShell, it returns Unrestricted.
Get-ExecutionPolicy
Output:
Unrestricted
cd "C:\Projects\Microsoft.Practices.ESB\Source\Samples\Management Portal\Install\Scripts"
powershell .\Management_Install.ps1 1
WARNING: Running x86 PowerShell...
File C:\Projects\Microsoft.Practices.ESB\Source\Samples\Management Portal\Install\Scripts\Management_Install.ps1 cannot be loaded because the execution of scripts is disabled on this system. Please see "get-help about_signing" for more details.
At line:1 char:25
.\Management_Install.ps1 <<<< 1
CategoryInfo : NotSpecified: (:) [], PSSecurityException
FullyQualifiedErrorId : RuntimeException
C:\Projects\Microsoft.Practices.ESB\Source\Samples\Management Portal\Install\Scripts> PAUSE
Press any key to continue . . .
The system is Windows Server 2008 R2.
What am I doing wrong?
If you're using Windows Server 2008 R2 then there is an x64 and x86 version of PowerShell both of which have to have their execution policies set. Did you set the execution policy on both hosts?
As an Administrator, you can set the execution policy by typing this into your PowerShell window:
Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned
For more information, see Using the Set-ExecutionPolicy Cmdlet.
When you are done, you can set the policy back to its default value with:
Set-ExecutionPolicy Restricted
You may see an error:
Access to the registry key
'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\PowerShell\1\ShellIds\Microsoft.PowerShell' is denied.
To change the execution policy for the default (LocalMachine) scope,
start Windows PowerShell with the "Run as administrator" option.
To change the execution policy for the current user,
run "Set-ExecutionPolicy -Scope CurrentUser".
So you may need to run the command like this (as seen in comments):
Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser
You can bypass this policy for a single file by adding -ExecutionPolicy Bypass when running PowerShell
powershell -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -File script.ps1
I had a similar issue and noted that the default cmd on Windows Server 2012, was running the x64 one.
For Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows Server 2008 R2 or Windows Server 2012, run the following commands as Administrator:
x86 (32 bit)
Open C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cmd.exe
Run the command powershell Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned
x64 (64 bit)
Open C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe
Run the command powershell Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned
You can check mode using
In CMD: echo %PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE%
In Powershell: [Environment]::Is64BitProcess
References:
MSDN - Windows PowerShell execution policies
Windows - 32bit vs 64bit directory explanation
Most of the existing answers explain the How, but very few explain the Why. And before you go around executing code from strangers on the Internet, especially code that disables security measures, you should understand exactly what you're doing. So here's a little more detail on this problem.
From the TechNet About Execution Policies Page:
Windows PowerShell execution policies let you determine the conditions under which Windows PowerShell loads configuration files and runs scripts.
The benefits of which, as enumerated by PowerShell Basics - Execution Policy and Code Signing, are:
Control of Execution - Control the level of trust for executing scripts.
Command Highjack - Prevent injection of commands in my path.
Identity - Is the script created and signed by a developer I trust and/or a signed with a certificate from a Certificate Authority I trust.
Integrity - Scripts cannot be modified by malware or malicious user.
To check your current execution policy, you can run Get-ExecutionPolicy. But you're probably here because you want to change it.
To do so you'll run the Set-ExecutionPolicy cmdlet.
You'll have two major decisions to make when updating the execution policy.
Execution Policy Type:
Restricted† - No Script either local, remote or downloaded can be executed on the system.
AllSigned - All script that are ran require to be digitally signed.
RemoteSigned - All remote scripts (UNC) or downloaded need to be signed.
Unrestricted - No signature for any type of script is required.
Scope of new Change
LocalMachine† - The execution policy affects all users of the computer.
CurrentUser - The execution policy affects only the current user.
Process - The execution policy affects only the current Windows PowerShell process.
† = Default
For example: if you wanted to change the policy to RemoteSigned for just the CurrentUser, you'd run the following command:
Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser
Note: In order to change the Execution policy, you must be running PowerShell As Administrator.
If you are in regular mode and try to change the execution policy, you'll get the following error:
Access to the registry key 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\PowerShell\1\ShellIds\Microsoft.PowerShell' is denied. To change the execution policy for the default (LocalMachine) scope, start Windows PowerShell with the "Run as administrator" option.
If you want to tighten up the internal restrictions on your own scripts that have not been downloaded from the Internet (or at least don't contain the UNC metadata), you can force the policy to only run signed scripts. To sign your own scripts, you can follow the instructions on Scott Hanselman's article on Signing PowerShell Scripts.
Note: Most people are likely to get this error whenever they open PowerShell because the first thing PowerShell tries to do when it launches is execute your user profile script that sets up your environment however you like it.
The file is typically located in:
%UserProfile%\My Documents\WindowsPowerShell\Microsoft.PowerShellISE_profile.ps1
You can find the exact location by running the PowerShell variable
$profile
If there's nothing that you care about in the profile, and don't want to fuss with your security settings, you can just delete it and PowerShell won't find anything that it cannot execute.
We can get the status of current ExecutionPolicy by the command below:
Get-ExecutionPolicy
By default it is Restricted. To allow the execution of PowerShell scripts we need to set this ExecutionPolicy either as Unrestricted or Bypass.
We can set the policy for Current User as Bypass by using any of the below PowerShell commands:
Set-ExecutionPolicy -Scope CurrentUser -ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted -Force
Set-ExecutionPolicy -Scope CurrentUser -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Force
Unrestricted policy loads all configuration files and runs all scripts. If you run an unsigned script that was downloaded from the Internet, you are prompted for permission before it runs.
Whereas in Bypass policy, nothing is blocked and there are no warnings or prompts during script execution. Bypass ExecutionPolicy is more relaxed than Unrestricted.
Also running this command before the script also solves the issue:
Set-ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted
If you are in an environment where you are not an administrator, you can set the Execution Policy just for you (CurrentUser), and it will not require administrator.
You can set it to RemoteSigned:
Set-ExecutionPolicy -Scope "CurrentUser" -ExecutionPolicy "RemoteSigned"
or Unrestricted:
Set-ExecutionPolicy -Scope "CurrentUser" -ExecutionPolicy "Unrestricted"
You can read all about Getting and Setting Execution policy in the help entries:
Help Get-ExecutionPolicy -Full
Help Set-ExecutionPolicy -Full
In Windows 7:
Go to Start Menu and search for "Windows PowerShell ISE".
Right click the x86 version and choose "Run as administrator".
In the top part, paste Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned; run the script. Choose "Yes".
Repeat these steps for the 64-bit version of Powershell ISE too (the non x86 version).
I'm just clarifying the steps that #Chad Miller hinted at. Thanks Chad!
RemoteSigned: all scripts you created yourself will be run, and all scripts downloaded from the Internet will need to be signed by a trusted publisher.
OK, change the policy by simply typing:
Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned
I'm using Windows 10 and was unable to run any command. The only command that gave me some clues was this:
[x64]
Open C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cmd.exe [as administrator]
Run the command> powershell Set-ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted
But this didn't work. It was limited. Probably new security policies for Windows10. I had this error:
Set-ExecutionPolicy: Windows PowerShell updated your execution policy successfully, but the setting is overridden by a policy defined at a more specific scope. Due to the override, your shell will retain its current effective execution policy of...
So I found another way (solution):
Open Run Command/Console (Win + R)
Type: gpedit.msc (Group Policy Editor)
Browse to Local Computer Policy -> Computer Configuration -> Administrative Templates -> Windows Components -> Windows Powershell.
Enable "Turn on Script Execution"
Set the policy as needed. I set mine to "Allow all scripts".
Now open PowerShell and enjoy ;)
First, you need to open the PowerShell window and run this command.
set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser
Then it will ask you to confirm. Type Y and press Enter.
When you run this command, you can see that your system has set all policies for the current user as remotely. It will take a few seconds to complete this process.
The image will be shown like below:
To check if the execution policy has set. Type:
Get-ExecutionPolicy
If it was set, the output would be like this:
Open a Windows PowerShell command window and run the below query to change ExecutionPolicy:
Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser
If it asks for confirming changes, press Y and hit Enter.
You should run this command:
Set-ExecutionPolicy -Scope CurrentUser -ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted
Win + R and type copy paste command and press OK:
powershell Set-ExecutionPolicy -Scope "CurrentUser" -ExecutionPolicy "RemoteSigned"
And execute your script.
Then revert changes like:
powershell Set-ExecutionPolicy -Scope "CurrentUser" -ExecutionPolicy "AllSigned"
Open the command prompt in Windows.
If the problem is only with PowerShell, use the following command:
powershell Set-ExecutionPolicy -Scope "CurrentUser" -ExecutionPolicy "RemoteSigned"
Setting the execution policy is environment-specific. If you are trying to execute a script from the running x86 ISE you have to use the x86 PowerShell to set the execution policy. Likewise, if you are running the 64-bit ISE you have to set the policy with the 64-bit PowerShell.
you may try this and select "All" Option
Set-ExecutionPolicy -Scope CurrentUser -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned
Open Run Command/Console ( Win + R )
Type: gpedit. msc (Group Policy Editor)
Browse to Local Computer Policy -> Computer Configuration -> Administrative Templates -> Windows Components -> Windows Powershell.
Enable "Turn on Script Execution"
Set the policy as needed. I set mine to "Allow all scripts".
Now run the run command what ever you are using.. Trust this the app will runs.. Enjoy :)
You can also bypass this by using the following command:
powershell Get-Content .\test.ps1 | Invoke-Expression
You can also read this article by Scott Sutherland that explains 15 different ways to bypass the PowerShell Set-ExecutionPolicy if you don't have administrator privileges:
15 Ways to Bypass the PowerShell Execution Policy
I have also faced a similar issue. Try this.
As I'm using Windows, I followed the steps as given below.
Open a command prompt as an administrator and then go to this path:
C:\Users\%username%\AppData\Roaming\npm\
Look for the file ng.ps1 in this folder (directory)
and then delete it (del ng.ps1).
You can also clear npm cache after this though it should work without this step as well.
If you have Git installed, just use Git Bash.
Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned
Executing this command in administrator mode in PowerShell will solve the problem.
In Window 10:
If you are not administrator, you can use this:
powershell Set-ExecutionPolicy -Scope CurrentUser
cmdlet Set-ExecutionPolicy at command pipeline position 1
Supply values for the following parameters:
ExecutionPolicy: `RemoteSigned`
It solved my problem like a charm!
In the PowerShell ISE editor I found running the following line first allowed scripts.
Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope Process
For Windows 11...
It is indeed very easy. Just open the settings application.
Navigate to Privacy and Security:
Click on For Developers and scroll to the bottom and find the PowerShell option under which check the checkbox stating "Change the execution policy ... remote scripts".
Open PowerShell as Administrator and run Set-ExecutionPolicy -Scope CurrentUser
Provide RemoteSigned and press Enter
Run Set-ExecutionPolicy -Scope CurrentUser
Provide Unrestricted and press Enter
Open PowerShell as a administrator. Run the following command
Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned
Type Y when asked!
In Windows 10, enable the option under the name: 'Install apps from any source, including loose files.'
It fixed the issue for me.
To fix this issue, we have to set the execution policy, so that the PowerShell script runs on the particular machine. Here is how:
Open PowerShell Console by selecting “Run as Administrator” and set the execution Policy with the command: Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned
Type “Y” when prompted to proceed
credits:
https://www.sharepointdiary.com/2014/03/fix-for-powershell-script-cannot-be-loaded-because-running-scripts-is-disabled-on-this-system.html
In PowerShell 2.0, the execution policy was set to disabled by default.
From then on, the PowerShell team has made a lot of improvements, and they are confident that users will not break things much while running scripts. So from PowerShell 4.0 onward, it is enabled by default.
In your case, type Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned from the PowerShell console and say yes.

What is the potential threat if I "Unrestricted' the Execution Policy for Local Machine?

I installed oh-my-posh but the profile script for PowerShell was not working correctly. I found out PowerShell execution policy is restricted by default. I have changed the setting following Microsoft's About Execution Policy page.
What is the security threat of unrestricted execution?
The default is remotesigned now anyway. But anyone can override it by running "powershell -executionpolicy bypass". The purpose is to stop unknowingly running a PowerShell script, say from an email attachment, like the good old days of getting vbscripts in email.

How can I bypass execution policy when running scripts from Powershell ISE

So I can write a script in Powershell ISE, not save it, and it will run (F5/green arrow on the ISE). Once I save it, I get the error saying I can't run saved scripts. If I open a Powershell window in the directory the saved script exists, I can run it with
powershell -ExecutionPolicy ByPass -File script.ps1
But is there a way I can get this to work when running it via the ISE's green arrow/F5? I don't have admin access to this PC
Edit: Windows 10
Ok so I just found out you can set Execution Policy for yourself (current user) without having admin rights. So if you're coming here from google do this:
Set-ExecutionPolicy -Scope "CurrentUser" -ExecutionPolicy "RemoteSigned"
Also you can run individual script without setting Execution Policy for current user, by passing Execution Policy only for file script.
For example:
Powershell -executionpolicy RemoteSigned -File "C:\scripts\script.ps1"
Very convenient for scheduled tasks in the Windows Task Scheduler to run PowerShell commands (scripts).
That's my addition for google users

Package Manager console command without PowerShell access

to work with EntityFramework Migration, I need to have access to PowerShell, which I don't have in my company for some security reasons.
is there any way to run these command, without have access to PowerShell?
here is the error get when I start Package Manager Console
follow this steps :
Run Powershell with administrator privilege
Type this command :
Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Force
Press Enter
Restart you're program
and if u don't have access to powershell follow this way :
go to Regedit.exe and follow this path :
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFWARE\microsoft\powershell\1\shelllds\microsoft.powershell\executionpolicy
and change of this string value Bypass
go to this address :
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFWARE\microsoft\powershell\1\shelllds\Scripted.diagnostic\executionpolicy
and change this value to bypass
You will have to set the execution policy. By default it's restricted that's what blocking the execution. Just run from PowerShell command prompt!
Set-ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted
If you don't have admin rights, you can set the policy just for yourself!
Set-ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted -Scope CurrentUser
Remember to run them as command not as a script.

Unsigned Powershell scripts from HTA

I have created the below batch file and it works flawlessly as long as I run it manually.
However, if I run the .bat file from a HTA application, PowerShell says that he can't run the script because it is not signed/not trusted: "File cannot be loaded because the execution of scripts is disabled on this system".
Is there any fix/workaround for this without having to actually sign the script?
Batch file:
C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe -noexit -command ". '%cd%\temp_oooscript\wrapper.ps1'"
Thank you.
This problem is caused by Windows Execution-policy setting.
To check what policy is running type this command:
Get-ExecutionPolicy
You policy should be one of these 4:
Restricted - No scripts can be run. Windows PowerShell can be used only in interactive mode.
AllSigned - Only scripts signed by a trusted publisher can be run.
RemoteSigned - Downloaded scripts must be signed by a trusted publisher before they can be run.
Unrestricted - No restrictions; all Windows PowerShell scripts can be run.
Not sure you are running remotely or locally.
If locally then your policy might be "all signed".
If remotely then your policy might be "RemoteSigned" or "all signed".
To fix the problem, 2 ways:
Adjust the policy setting. Don't make it too loose like unrestricted (I assume it is a medium to large production environment). The same reason if this is true I don't pro the bypass way by Graimer.
If this is a lab or small and trusted env then "unrestricted" can be an option. Or the bypass method proposed by Graimer.
Get the script signed.You need to run some "makecert" stuff to generate the signature and then copy it to the machine. The following link might help:
http://www.hanselman.com/blog/SigningPowerShellScripts.aspx
Try setting the exeuctionpolicy for powershell to bypass when executing it. Like this:
C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe -noexit -executionpolicy bypass -command ". '%cd%\temp_oooscript\wrapper.ps1'"
The reason you're seing this is most likely because the HTA application is run as a 32 bit software, while your os is 64bit. Because the HTA app is running as 32 bit, it uses the powershell in C:\windows\syswow64\windowspowershell... (even though you specified system32 in your code). The execution policy there has is it's own setting, seperate from what you have in your normal 64-bit powershell.
The best way to fix it would be to sign the script using the PKI infrastructure in your enviroment. As a workaround you can use the code I provided above. The advantage for the workaround above is that the executionpolicy is only set to bypass ("disabled") for the PROCESS, and not as a default setting that could compromise security.
YES!! Found the bloody solution!! the HTA file needs to be run from through the mshta.exe from system32 instead of SysWOW64. Woohoo!!!