I am trying out unity for a project that i am on.
I am attempting to draw 3D polygon from a set of coordinate that I have.
So what i am doing now is to build a row of cube btw the two points. I plan to build these points into either a solid shape or just "walls" to form a room.
However, it doesn't seem to work as expected. Please advise.
drawCube( Vector3(10,0,14),Vector3(70,0,14));
drawCube( Vector3(90,0,14),Vector3(60,87,45));
function drawCube(v1,v2) {
pA = v1;
pB = v2;
var plane : GameObject = GameObject.CreatePrimitive(PrimitiveType.Cube);
var between:Vector3 = pB - pA;
var distance:float = between.magnitude;
plane.transform.localScale.x = distance;
plane.transform.localScale.y=10;
plane.transform.position = pA + (between / 2.0);
plane.transform.LookAt(pB);
}
updated: I have also tried using a mesh but all i got was the below image. What am i doing wrong?
I am trying to achieve something like this
You could make primitives and manipulate them but that would limit you very much if you needed to scale or change your requirements in the future. I would recommend using a procedural mesh to create the geometry you need as you need it. The basics aren't too hard, it's just a matter of constructing the Mesh object from it's base components given some vertices. Here's an example of constructing a 3d quadrilateral:
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections.Generic;
public class SquareMaker : MonoBehaviour {
public List<Vector3> points;
void Start()
{
GameObject threeDSquare = new GameObject("3DSquare");
threeDSquare.AddComponent<MeshRenderer>();
threeDSquare.AddComponent<MeshFilter>();
threeDSquare.GetComponent<MeshFilter>().mesh = CreateMesh(points);
}
private Mesh CreateMesh(List<Vector3> points)
{
List<int> tris = new List<int>(); // Every 3 ints represents a triangle
List<Vector2> uvs = new List<Vector2>(); // Vertex position in 0-1 UV space
/* 4 points in the list for the square made of two triangles:
0 *--* 1
| /|
|/ |
3 *--* 2
*/
tris.Add(1);
tris.Add(2);
tris.Add(3);
tris.Add(3);
tris.Add(0);
tris.Add(1);
// uvs determine vert (point) coordinates in uv space
uvs.Add(new Vector2(0f, 1f));
uvs.Add(new Vector2(1f, 1f));
uvs.Add(new Vector2(1f, 0f));
uvs.Add(new Vector2(0f, 0f));
Mesh mesh = new Mesh();
mesh.vertices = points.ToArray();
mesh.uv = uvs.ToArray();
mesh.triangles = tris.ToArray();
mesh.RecalculateNormals();
return mesh;
}
}
Related
I am making a game with Unity, the project model is 2D.
What I have to do is a wheel divided into segments, each segment is an individual object, this wheel turns on itself with a certain speed, here is an imamgine for better understanding:
I have a "Selector", i.e. something to select a slice, so I made a temporary sprite, i.e. the red triangle, and a script to generate a Ray Cast to locate the selected slice, some images to better understand:
So far so good, my problem lies in the fact that the mesh of the slices is also the mesh of the collider, which is not convex but concave, so from what I've read on the Internet Unity does not allow to intercept objects with concave mesh by the Ray Cast due to calculation problems, so I can not intercept the slices, the only way to hit them is to tick the parameter "Convex"
of the Collider component, but I create a collider with a square shape, and so the selection precision is lacking, here are some pictures to better understand:
So I looked on the internet for a solution and found that the solution was to split the collider into several smaller but convex colliders, so I tried this, i.e. for each pair, i.e. 2 triangles, I created a collider that had a mesh made from the two triangles in question, so I got this:
But it is still not intercepted by RayCast, unless I tick the "Convex" parameter of the collider component, but even then a collider with a square shape is created.
Finally, here are some parts of the code within the post:
Code for generating ray cast:
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class Selector : MonoBehaviour
{
public GameObject objPosRef;
void Update()
{
if (Input.GetMouseButtonUp(1))
{
RaycastHit hit;
Debug.DrawRay(objPosRef.transform.position, new Vector3(0, 0.5f, 0), Color.green, 0.5f);
if (Physics.Raycast(objPosRef.transform.position, new Vector3(0, 0.5f, 0), out hit))
{
Debug.Log("Colpito: " + hit.collider.name);
}
}
}
}
Code to update the segment mesh:
...
private void UpdateMesh()
{
mesh.Clear();
mesh.vertices = vertex;
mesh.triangles = triangles;
createColldiers();
mesh.RecalculateNormals();
mesh.RecalculateBounds();
GetComponent<MeshRenderer>().material = new Material(material);
GetComponent<MeshRenderer>().material.color = color;
}
Code for creating segment colliders:
private void createColldiers()
{
int numColliders = (numVertex * 2 - 2) / 2;
for (int i = 0; i < numColliders; i++)
{
MeshCollider collider = gameObject.AddComponent<MeshCollider>();
Mesh mesh = new Mesh();
int[] tr = new int[6];
int k = 6 * i;
for (int j = 0; j < 6; j++)
{
tr[j] = triangles[k];
k++;
}
mesh.vertices = vertex;
mesh.triangles = tr;
collider.sharedMesh = mesh;
}
}
In summary I create a new mesh, the vertices of this mesh are identical to those of the segment mesh, although the new mesh does not need all the vertices, the triangles of the new mesh are only 2, and are taken in pairs from the triangle array of the segment mesh.
Sorry if my post is full of pictures, I hope I have been able to give you the best possible understanding of my problem, most likely the probelma will be something popping, thank you in advance for your help.
p.s: very few people say that raycasts can safely intercept objects with a concave collider, thus going against the grain of all other claims to the contrary, who is right?
How do I calculate the distance of a game object (inside a cube collider) from the cube collider surface? The existing calculations were made from the cube surface outwards so I got 0 when I used the collider.closestpoint or collider.closestpointonbounds.
The simplest (but computationally not the cheapest) would be to not rely on your current collider for the distance, but to add a set of small colliders around the edge of the object (so 6 colliders, one per face of the cube). Using Collider.ClosestPoint() on all 6 faces and calculating the distance like that would give you the results you need.
First convert a point to local space.
var localPoint = transform.InverseTransformPoint(worldPoint);
var extents = collider.size * 0.5f;
var closestPoint = localPoint;
Compute the distance to each face.
var disx = extents.x - Mathf.Abs(localPoint.x);
var disy = extents.y - Mathf.Abs(localPoint.y);
var disz = extents.z - Mathf.Abs(localPoint.z);
Find the closest face (smallest distance) and move the closest point along this axis.
if(disx < disy)
{
if (disx < disz)
closestPoint.x = extents.x * Mathf.Sign(localPoint.x); //disx
else
closestPoint.z = extents.z * Mathf.Sign(localPoint.z); //disz
}
else
{
//......
}
Plus the offset of the collider, convert to world space.
closestPoint += collider.center;
transform.TransformPoint(closestPoint);
I don't know how efficient this is, but here is how I solved it:
public static Vector3 ClosetPointOnBounds(Vector3 point, Bounds bounds)
{
Plane top = new Plane(Vector3.up, bounds.max);
Plane bottom = new Plane(Vector3.down, bounds.min);
Plane front = new Plane(Vector3.forward, bounds.max);
Plane back = new Plane(Vector3.back, bounds.min);
Plane right = new Plane(Vector3.right, bounds.max);
Plane left = new Plane(Vector3.left, bounds.min);
Vector3 topclose = top.ClosestPointOnPlane(point);
Vector3 botclose = bottom.ClosestPointOnPlane(point);
Vector3 frontclose = front.ClosestPointOnPlane(point);
Vector3 backclose = back.ClosestPointOnPlane(point);
Vector3 rightclose = right.ClosestPointOnPlane(point);
Vector3 leftclose = left.ClosestPointOnPlane(point);
Vector3 closest = point;
float bestdist = float.MaxValue;
foreach (Vector3 p in new Vector3[] {
topclose, botclose, frontclose, backclose, leftclose, rightclose
})
{
float dist = Vector3.Distance(p, point);
if (dist < bestdist)
{
bestdist = dist;
closest = p;
}
}
return closest;
}
(note: this assumes and axis-aligned box, which is all I needed at the time. If you want to rotate it you will have to do more work to transform the point.)
You can Calculate by Vector3.Distance
some example
float minDistance =2;
float Distance = Vector3.Distance(other.position, transform.position);
if(Distance < minDistance)
{
//some code stuffs
}
else if(Distance > minDistance){
//some code stuffs
}
Useful information about Vector3.Distance and getting Distance from object
source: https://docs.unity3d.com/ScriptReference/30_search.html?q=Distance
I am trying to have a gameobject in unity react with sound if another object is inside it. I want the gameobject to use the entering objects location to then see what voxel is closest and then play audio based on the voxel intensity/colour. Does anyone have any ideas? I am working with a dataset that is 512x256x512 voxels. I want it to work if the object is resized as well. Any help is much appreciated :).
The dataset I'm working with is a 3d .mhd medical scan of a body. Here is how the texture is added to the renderer on start:
for (int k = 0; k < NumberOfFrames; k++) {
string fname_ = "T" + k.ToString("D2");
Color[] colors = LoadData(Path.Combine (imageDir, fname_+".raw"));
_volumeBuffer.Add (new Texture3D (dim [0], dim [1], dim [2], TextureFormat.RGBAHalf, mipmap));
_volumeBuffer[k].SetPixels(colors);
_volumeBuffer [k].Apply ();
}
GetComponent<Renderer>().material.SetTexture("_Data", _volumeBuffer[0]);
The size of the object is defined by using the mdh header files spacing as well as voxel dimensions:
transform.localScale = new Vector3(mhdheader.spacing[0] * volScale, mhdheader.spacing[1] * volScale * dim[1] / dim[0], mhdheader.spacing[2] * volScale * dim[2] / dim[0]);
I have tried making my own function to get the index from the world by offsetting it to the beginning of the render mesh (not sure if this is right). Then, scaling it by the local scale. Then, multiplying by the amount of voxels in each dimension. However, I am not sure if my logic is right whatsoever... Here is the code I tried:
public Vector3Int GetIndexFromWorld(Vector3 worldPos)
{
Vector3 startOfTex = gameObject.GetComponent<Renderer>().bounds.min;
Vector3 localPos = transform.InverseTransformPoint(worldPos);
Vector3 localScale = gameObject.transform.localScale;
Vector3 OffsetPos = localPos - startOfTex;
Vector3 VoxelPosFloat = new Vector3(OffsetPos[0] / localScale[0], OffsetPos[1] / localScale[1], OffsetPos[2] / localScale[2]);
VoxelPosFloat = Vector3.Scale(VoxelPosFloat, new Vector3(voxelDims[0], voxelDims[1], voxelDims[2]));
Vector3Int voxelPos = Vector3Int.FloorToInt(VoxelPosFloat);
return voxelPos;
}
You can try setting up a large amount of box colliders and the OnTriggerEnter() function running on each. But a much better solution is to sort your array of voxels and then use simple math to clamp the moving objects position vector to ints and do some maths to map the vector to an index in the array. For example the vector (0,0,0) could map to voxels[0]. Then just fetch that voxels properties as you like. For a voxel application this would be a much needed faster calculation than colliders.
I figured it out I think. If anyone sees any flaw in my coding, please let me know :).
public Vector3Int GetIndexFromWorld(Vector3 worldPos)
{
Vector3 deltaBounds = rend.bounds.max - rend.bounds.min;
Vector3 OffsetPos = worldPos - rend.bounds.min;
Vector3 normPos = new Vector3(OffsetPos[0] / deltaBounds[0], OffsetPos[1] / deltaBounds[1], OffsetPos[2] / deltaBounds[2]);
Vector3 voxelPositions = new Vector3(normPos[0] * voxelDims[0], normPos[1] * voxelDims[1], normPos[2] * voxelDims[2]);
Vector3Int voxelPos = Vector3Int.FloorToInt(voxelPositions);
return voxelPos;
}
I am trying to create my whole mesh from 5 submeshes via script in Unity. For each submesh I've got a separated indice array and material assigned. Curiously Unity only renders the first submesh, but if I inspect the mesh assigned to the mesh filter it says that there are more vertices and triangle than actually are rendered.
GameObject go = new GameObject("Island Prototype");
Mesh mesh = new Mesh();
mesh.vertices = this.vertices.ToArray();
mesh.subMeshCount = this.indices.Count;
int c = 0;
foreach (List<int> l in this.indices)
{
Debug.Log(l.Count);
mesh.SetTriangles(l.ToArray(), c);
c++;
}
mesh.RecalculateNormals();
List<Material> materials = new List<Material>();
materials.Add(fieldMaterial);
foreach (TileSettings ts in tiles)
{
materials.Add(fieldMaterial);
}
Debug.Log("Number of materials: " + materials.Count);
//mesh.RecalculateBounds();
//mesh.RecalculateNormals();
MeshRenderer mr = go.AddComponent<MeshRenderer>();
mr.sharedMaterials = materials.ToArray();
MeshFilter mf = go.AddComponent<MeshFilter>();
mf.mesh = mesh;
At the screenshot you can see, that the mesh inspector says the correct count of submeshes. There are also 5 materials attached to the renderer.
At the console I've printed the count of vertices, so submesh 3-5 doesn't own triangles at the moment, but this shouldn't be a problem, should it? At least submesh 2 should be rendered...
How to draw circle in Unity 3d?
I want to draw a circle around different objects.
The radiuses of the circles are different and the circles have textures - squares.
I found a big error with this code. The number of points (Size) shouldn't be "(2 * pi / theta_scale) + 1" because this causes the circle to draw 6.28 times. The size should be "1 / theta_scale + 1". So for a theta_scale of 0.01 it needs to draw 100 points, and for a theta_scale of 0.1 it needs to draw 10 points. Otherwise it would draw 62 times and 628 times respectively.
Here is the code I used.
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class DrawRadar: MonoBehaviour {
public float ThetaScale = 0.01f;
public float radius = 3f;
private int Size;
private LineRenderer LineDrawer;
private float Theta = 0f;
void Start() {
LineDrawer = GetComponent<LineRenderer>();
}
void Update() {
Theta = 0f;
Size = (int)((1f / ThetaScale) + 1f);
LineDrawer.SetVertexCount(Size);
for (int i = 0; i < Size; i++) {
Theta += (2.0f * Mathf.PI * ThetaScale);
float x = radius * Mathf.Cos(Theta);
float y = radius * Mathf.Sin(Theta);
LineDrawer.SetPosition(i, new Vector3(x, y, 0));
}
}
}
If you modify the number in "Size" that is divided by ThetaScale, you can make a sweeping gauge/pie chart type graphic.
See Unity Answers for a similar question.
Alternatively:
float theta_scale = 0.1; // Circle resolution
LineRenderer lineRenderer = gameObject.AddComponent<LineRenderer>();
lineRenderer.material = new Material(Shader.Find("Particles/Additive"));
lineRenderer.SetColors(c1, c2);
lineRenderer.SetWidth(0.2F, 0.2F);
lineRenderer.SetVertexCount(size);
int i = 0;
for(float theta = 0; theta < 2 * PI; theta += theta_scale) {
x = r*cos(theta);
y = r*sin(theta);
Vector3 pos = new Vector3(x, y, 0);
lineRenderer.SetPosition(i, pos);
i+=1;
}
The LineRenderer requires continuous points. You can modify this code slightly to use cylinder game objects instead of a line renderer. I find the LineRenderer to be a bit hideous.
Lastly, similar to the first link, you could attach a circle texture to a unit plane. Make any part of the texture that isn't part of the circle transparent. Then just scale and align the plane to fit your object. Unfortunately this method isn't great if someone is looking almost parallel to the plane.
Jerdak's solution is good, but the code is messy so I had to tweak a little. Here's the code for a class, where I use i in the loop to avoid a bug.
It also updates the circle's position with its gameObject position.
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class CircleDraw : MonoBehaviour {
float theta_scale = 0.01f; //Set lower to add more points
int size; //Total number of points in circle
float radius = 3f;
LineRenderer lineRenderer;
void Awake () {
float sizeValue = (2.0f * Mathf.PI) / theta_scale;
size = (int)sizeValue;
size++;
lineRenderer = gameObject.AddComponent<LineRenderer>();
lineRenderer.material = new Material(Shader.Find("Particles/Additive"));
lineRenderer.SetWidth(0.02f, 0.02f); //thickness of line
lineRenderer.SetVertexCount(size);
}
void Update () {
Vector3 pos;
float theta = 0f;
for(int i = 0; i < size; i++){
theta += (2.0f * Mathf.PI * theta_scale);
float x = radius * Mathf.Cos(theta);
float y = radius * Mathf.Sin(theta);
x += gameObject.transform.position.x;
y += gameObject.transform.position.y;
pos = new Vector3(x, y, 0);
lineRenderer.SetPosition(i, pos);
}
}
}
Using Shader Graph we can now draw pixel perfect circle.
Once you created this graph, create a new material based on this shader.
Then create a new gameobject with a sprite renderer and set the material you just created.
You can scale the circle using the "scale" parameter of the material.
The linerenderer method in the top answers is really simple and exactly what I was looking for. I updated it for newer versions of Unity and some small tweaks to make it a bit more beginner/user friendly.
Specifically:
LineRenderer.SetVertexCount() is deprecated in newer versions of Unity, replaced with positionCount
Replaced theta scale with an actual segment count to remove guesswork
Added loop setting - not sure if this was in older versions of Unity, it can be set in the LineRenderer's inspector
Removed unnecessary Update function - the rendered line is a persistent gameobject
using UnityEngine;
[RequireComponent(typeof(LineRenderer))]
public class DrawRing : MonoBehaviour
{
public LineRenderer lineRenderer;
[Range(6,60)] //creates a slider - more than 60 is hard to notice
public int lineCount; //more lines = smoother ring
public float radius;
public float width;
void Start()
{
lineRenderer = GetComponent<LineRenderer>();
lineRenderer.loop = true;
Draw();
}
void Draw() //Only need to draw when something changes
{
lineRenderer.positionCount = lineCount;
lineRenderer.startWidth = width;
float theta = (2f * Mathf.PI) / lineCount; //find radians per segment
float angle = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < lineCount; i++)
{
float x = radius * Mathf.Cos(angle);
float y = radius * Mathf.Sin(angle);
lineRenderer.SetPosition(i, new Vector3(x, 0, y));
//switch 0 and y for 2D games
angle += theta;
}
}
}
Note this is assumed to be attached to the gameobject you want the ring around. So the Use World Space option in LineRenderer should be unchecked. Also remember that the scale of the gameobject will affect the position of the points and the width of the line.
To put this on the ground (as in a unit selection circle):
Put the script on a separate gameobject
Rotate the gameobject X to 90
Check use world space on the linerenderer
Set the linerenderer Alignment to Transform Z
Add the position of the thing you want to circle to x and y in SetPosition. Possibly along with replacing 0 with 0.1f or a yOffset variable to avoid z-fighting with terrain.
Circle can draw using shader - draw pixel if it on radius from center.
Did the following with a Sprite. Chan is flying in the scene, so she's slightly above the plane. I had her flying so I could get a good screenshot, not because it wouldn't play well with the plane.
I used a low-resolution circle sprite.
X rotation 90
Scale X 15, Y 15, Z 1
Then I set the Sorting Layer, so it will render above the Default Layer. I was testing this out when I came across this post. It doesn't handle shadows well. I'd have to figure out what layer shadows are drawn on to make sure they get rendered onto the sprite.
I have a shader from which I usually start making effects like lens flares, and it makes a circle. Using shader is the best choice because you will get perfectly smooth and round circle.
Also it's easy to experiment with and tune the shader since shader changes don't require recompile and re-entering of play mode.
I recommend ti create extension method to GameObject. Worked good to me.
public static class GameObjectExtension
{
const int numberOfSegments = 360;
public static void DrawCircle(this GameObject go, float radius,
float lineWidth, Color startColor, Color endColor, bool lineRendererExists=true)
{
LineRenderer circle = lineRendererExists ? go.GetComponent<LineRenderer>() : go.AddComponent<LineRenderer>();
circle.useWorldSpace = false;
circle.startWidth = lineWidth;
circle.endWidth = lineWidth;
circle.endColor = endColor;
circle.startColor = startColor;
circle.positionCount = numberOfSegments + 1;
Vector3 [] points = new Vector3[numberOfSegments + 1];
for (int i = 0; i < numberOfSegments + 1; i++)
{
float rad = Mathf.Deg2Rad * i;
points[i] = new Vector3(Mathf.Sin(rad) * radius, 0, Mathf.Cos(rad) * radius);
}
circle.SetPositions(points);
}
}
One More thing to note: If LineRenderer component is not applied last parameter has to be false
create a static class to reuse the code for different game objects. player, enemies... when the class is static, you cannot create the instance of it
public static class CircleGameObject
{
// in static class methods have to be static as well
// "this" refers to the context that we are calling DrawCircle
public static async void DrawCircle(this GameObject container,float radius,float lineWidth)
{
// I provide 360 points because circle is 360 degrees and we will connect them with line
var segments=360;
// LineRenderer is used to draw line
var lineRenderer=container.AddComponent<LineRenderer>();
// now you can use position system relative to the parent game object.
lineRenderer.useWorldSpace=false;
lineRenderer.startWidth=lineWidth;
lineRenderer.endWidth=lineWidth;
lineRenderer.positionCount=segments+1;
// reserve empty array in memory with a size of lineRenderer.positionCount
var points=new Vector3[lineRenderer.positionCount];
// draw all of those points
for(int i=0;i<points.Length;i++)
{
// converting degree to radian because Mathf.Cos and Mathf.Sin expects radian
var radian=Mathf.Deg2Rad*i;
// y direction needs to be 0
// Mathf.Cos(radiant) will give the x position on the circle if the angle size is "radian"
// Mathf.Sin(radiant) will give the y position on the circle if the angle size is "radian"
// after for loop completes we would be getting 360 points
points[i]=new Vector3(Mathf.Cos(radian)*radius,0,Mathf.Sin(radian)*radius);
}
lineRenderer.SetPositions(points);
}
}
then call it in Awake of the context
public class PlayerController : MonoBehaviour
{
private void Awake()
{
GameObject go=new GameObject{
name="Circle"
};
Vector3 circlePosition=Vector3.zero;
go.transform.parent=transform;
// localPosition is relative to the parent
go.transform.localPosition=circlePosition;
go.DrawCircle(2.0f,0.03f);
....
}
}