I am trying to insert a line before a particular pattern in solaris. I have tried using
awk '/pattern/{print "new text"}1' filename
But getting
awk: syntax error near line 1
awk: bailing out near line 1
Then I tried using
sed '/pattern/a new text' filename
and got
sed: command garbled:
Can anyone please help me regarding this simple but useful command.
sed 's/pattern/a new text/' filename
or
sed 's/pattern/a new text&/' filename
to keep the text matching the pattern
On Solaris awk refers to the legacy original awk utility. To get the standard awk features, you need to either call nawk (new awk) or /usr/xpg4/bin/awk (POSIX awk) with which your script will work just fine.
Related
I am cleaning up a dataset (csv dataset). I only want to consider registers in which all fields are complete and have the right type of values. This is what I tried:
sed -r '{
/regex_pattern/!d
more commands follow...
}' $1
The program works just fine and does what it is supposed to do. The problem is that it also removes the very first line (header line) since it does not match the specific regex_pattern. I know there is a way to specify the range in which the command should apply so for example:
sed '2,$ s/A/a/'
will do substitutions on data skipping the header line. Based on this logic I tried:
sed -r '{
2,$/regex_pattern/!d
more commands follow...
}' $1
so that the header line will be untouched however this code does not run at all.So what (and why) would be the right command to do what I am intending?
As an example, imagine my csv file is fruits.csv and that my regex_pattern is [0-9]+,[0-9]+
apples,oranges
20,5
7,3
,4
a,b
12,22
When I call the .sh script that contains the sed commands in should output:
apples,oranges
20,5
7,3
12,22
So, note that:
Header line was not deleted even though it does not match the regex_pattern.
Line number 4, i.e. ",4" was deleted as it does not match the regex_pattern.
Line number 5, i.e. "a,b" was deleted as it does not match the regex_pattern.
Any help is very much appreciated and I wish to thank you all in advance.
Kind regards.
You could write it like this, matching the whole line, starting at the second line:
sed -r '
2,${/^[0-9]+,[0-9]+$/!d}
' file
Output
apples,oranges
20,5
7,3
12,22
If you also want to allow single numbers or more than just 2 comma separated numbers:
sed -r '
2,${/^[0-9]+(,[0-9]+)*$/!d}
' file
Using sed
$ sed '2,${/[0-9]\+,[0-9]\+/!d}' input_file
apples,oranges
20,5
7,3
12,22
any one of these should work in gawk, mawk1/2, or macos nawk
mawk 'NF-_^(NF==NR)' FS='^[0-9]+,[0-9]+$'
nawk '(NF!=NR)!=NF' FS='^[0-9]+,[0-9]+$'
gawk 'NF-(NF!~NR)' FS='^[0-9]+,[0-9]+$'
'
apples,oranges
20,5
7,3
12,22
more concisely would be
mawk -F'[0-9]+,[0-9]+' '(NF<NR)-NF' # using FS
gawk '/[0-9]+,[0-9]+/^+(NF<NR)' # not using FS
nawk '(NF<NR)<=/([0-9]+,?){2}/' # same approach, rev. order
mawk '(NF~NR)-/[0-9]+,[0-9]+/' # truly fringe but
# concise syntax
nawk '(NF~NR)!=/([0-9]+,?){2}/' # same approach, to
# circumvent nawk peculiarities
sed is a bad choice for working with CSVs since it doesn't have any inbuilt functionality for working with fields, nor literal strings, nor variables, doesn't use EREs by default (all of the answers you have so far will only work with GNU sed), etc. To do what you specifically want with any awk in any shell on every Unix box is simply:
$ awk 'NR==1 || /[0-9]+,[0-9]+/' file
apples,oranges
20,5
7,3
12,22
which says "if the current line number (stored in NR) is 1 or the regexp matches the current line contents then print the line". Anything else you want to do with your CSV will also be easier with awk than with sed.
Meh, I would just preserve first line.
sed -r '
1{p;d}
/regex_pattern/!d
more commands follow...
' "$1"
or run it not for first line:
1!{
/regex_pattern/!d
more commands follow...
}
This might work for you (GNU sed):
sed -E '1!{/^[0-9]+,[0-9]+$/!d}' file
If it is not the first line, delete any line that does not match one set of comma separated natural numbers.
Alternative:
sed -E '1b;/^[0-9]+,[0-9]+$/!d' file
Or:
sed -nE '1p;1b;/^[0-9]+,[0-9]+$/p' file
I want to add a string to file at certain line number in Linux. I searched and found a command like:
sed "5i helloworld" test.txt
to add helloworld at line 5, but I got an error:
sed: command garbled.
I am testing in RedHat here. Is there any other command I can use here? Any other ways?
Older seds are a bit pickier with how you type commands like i, a and c. Try an actual line continuation:
sed '5i\
helloworld' test.txt
The i text syntax is a GNU extension. POSIX sed only know about the i\ version with linebreak.
Also, notice that there is a difference between the sed i command1 (insert text) and the -i option (in-place editing).
1 Or "function".
Here is awk solution:
awk 'NR==5{1;print "Hey there this is new text added on line 5"}1' inputfile
I have the following line in cmdline
sed -e '1s/^/\\documentstyle\[11pt\]\{article\}\n/' -e 's/[0-9]//g' test.txt
My desired output is something like this
\documentstyle[11pt]{article}
rest of the file
However I only get this
\documentstyle[pt]{article}
rest of the file
I can't seem to find a way to insert numbers. I tried backslashing. Solution might be simple, but I'm a newbie with sed.
Note that sed has more commands than just s///. To insert a line at the top of a file:
sed -e '1i\
\\\documentstyle[11pt]{article}' -e 's/[0-9]//g' file
(frustratingly, the number of backslashes to achieve a backslash in the output was found by trial and error)
The bonus is that does not affect your goal to remove numbers.
My second command was removing numbers, working as intended indeed, but I was just trying to do it all at once. Credits to Jonathan Leffler.
I am trying to filter a long html page, for leaving only fingerprints which have a consistent structure. for example:
DCD0 5B71 EAB9 4199 527F 44AC DB6B 8C1F 96D8 BF60
i know how to do it by using standrd command line commands as grep, cut and head/tail, but is there more elegant way to do it with sed? the shell comman i use is long and not looking so nice.
thank you
grep is the right tool for extracting strings from a file based on regular expression matching:
grep -Eo '([A-F0-9]{4}[[:space:]]){9}[A-F0-9]{4}' file.html
Here is a sed command tested with GNU sed 4.2.2:
sed -nr '/(([[:xdigit:]]){4} ?){10}/p' file
It matches and prints
10 groups that are made of
4 hexdigits
followed by an optional space
With GNU sed:
sed -E 's/.*(([A-F0-9]{4}[[:space:]]){9}[A-F0-9]{4}).*/\1/' file
I have this line inside a file:
ULNET-PA,client_sgcib,broker_keplersecurities
,KEPLER
I try to get rid of that ^M (carriage return) character so I used:
sed 's/^M//g'
However this does remove everything after ^M:
[root#localhost tmp]# vi test
ULNET-PA,client_sgcib,broker_keplersecurities^M,KEPLER
[root#localhost tmp]# sed 's/^M//g' test
ULNET-PA,client_sgcib,broker_keplersecurities
What I want to obtain is:
[root#localhost tmp]# vi test
ULNET-PA,client_sgcib,broker_keplersecurities,KEPLER
Use tr:
tr -d '^M' < inputfile
(Note that the ^M character can be input using Ctrl+VCtrl+M)
EDIT: As suggested by Glenn Jackman, if you're using bash, you could also say:
tr -d $'\r' < inputfile
still the same line:
sed -i 's/^M//g' file
when you type the command, for ^M you type Ctrl+VCtrl+M
actually if you have already opened the file in vim, you can just in vim do:
:%s/^M//g
same, ^M you type Ctrl-V Ctrl-M
You can simply use dos2unix which is available in most Unix/Linux systems. However I found the following sed command to be better as it removed ^M where dos2unix couldn't:
sed 's/\r//g' < input.txt > output.txt
Hope that helps.
Note: ^M is actually carriage return character which is represented in code as \r
What dos2unix does is most likely equivalent to:
sed 's/\r\n/\n/g' < input.txt > output.txt
It doesn't remove \r when it is not immediately followed by \n and replaces both with just \n. This fails with certain types of files like one I just tested with.
alias dos2unix="sed -i -e 's/'\"\$(printf '\015')\"'//g' "
Usage:
dos2unix file
If Perl is an option:
perl -i -pe 's/\r\n$/\n/g' file
-i makes a .bak version of the input file
\r = carriage return
\n = linefeed
$ = end of line
s/foo/bar/g = globally substitute "foo" with "bar"
In awk:
sub(/\r/,"")
If it is in the end of record, sub(/\r/,"",$NF) should suffice. No need to scan the whole record.
This is the better way to achieve
tr -d '\015' < inputfile_name > outputfile_name
Later rename the file to original file name.
I agree with #twalberg (see accepted answer comments, above), dos2unix on Mac OSX covers this, quoting man dos2unix:
To run in Mac mode use the command-line option "-c mac" or use the
commands "mac2unix" or "unix2mac"
I settled on 'mac2unix', which got rid of my less-cmd-visible '^M' entries, introduced by an Apple 'Messages' transfer of a bash script between 2 Yosemite (OSX 10.10) Macs!
I installed 'dos2unix', trivially, on Mac OSX using the popular Homebrew package installer, I highly recommend it and it's companion command, Cask.
This is clean and simple and it works:
sed -i 's/\r//g' file
where \r of course is the equivalent for ^M.
Simply run the following command:
sed -i -e 's/\r$//' input.file
I verified this as valid in Mac OSX Monterey.
remove any \r :
nawk 'NF+=OFS=_' FS='\r'
gawk 3 ORS= RS='\r'
remove end of line \r :
mawk2 8 RS='\r?\n'
mawk -F'\r$' NF=1