I come across a school work which require us to compile a c file and running various parameter to execute and get the result, which I have to manually key in the parameter line one by one.
I was wondering is there any way to execute the command by writing it into a file and run it at once? Something like a makefile but for the command line and not compilation.
For example:
I have to run a program that require me to manually key in
./program 10
./program 100
./program 1000
./program 10000
./program ....
./program ....
./program .....
Is there a way I can write all of these into a file and run it at once without manually key in everything?
Thank you!
Yes there is, and you can use the Makefile for this: add a test target and write all you test cases as commands for this target. Also make this target depend on the executable, so all you will need to recompile and run the tests is make test
Make a script like this:
#!/bin/bash
for i in 10 100 1000; do
./program $i
done
Save it as go.
Make it executable:
chmod +x go
Run it:
./go
Windows batch example (source)
for %%s in ("10" "100" "1000" "10000") do call program.exe %%s
save in a text file e.g. loop.bat (in the same location as program.exe)
open cmd.exe (Windows + R -> cmd.exe -> enter)
navigate to location of loop.bat
enter "loop.bat"
Windows powershell example (source)
$array = #("10", "100", "1000")
foreach ($element in $array) {
& .\program.exe $element
}
save in a text file e.g. loop.ps1 (in the same location as program.exe)
open powershell (Windows Key + R -> powershell -> enter)
navigate to location of loop.ps1
.\loop.ps1
sure,
Place all the command lines into a file, one command line per line in the file,
in linux, lets call that file: values
./program .value.
one line per each value.
Then execute the file.
source values
or
. values
in windows call that file values.bat
Then execute the file with
values.bat
You can use the && operator;
./program 10 && ./program 100 && ...
On a technical note the use of && (essentially a logical AND) generally means that the subsequent commands are only executed if the previous one succeeded (i.e. returns 0).
Related
The vim manual page contains two similar -r type commands. I'll give more background below, this question is really how to invoke the first type of -r to list the swap files, but avoid the second -r that invokes recovery
-r List swap files, with information about using them for re‐
covery.
-r {file} Recovery mode. The swap file is used to recover a crashed
editing session. The swap file is a file with the same
filename as the text file with ".swp" appended. See ":help
recovery".
The -r without filename (the first -r above ) reports on the swap files of other files too, including ones in other directories
Background:
I'm trying to have vim report the swap files of a specific file (mostly to determine if vim still editing the file). If the file is being edited ( in another window, either on linux or cygwin ) I can 'raise' that window up to the top with "\e[2t\e[1t" as I have successfully be able to do thanks to Bring Window to Front
Vim has multiple swap file names, and multiple directories that it could put a file, so I want to ask vim, please tell me the name of the swap files that are currently in use for a given file, and if there is a current vim process on the file. Unfortunately, sometimes vim will open a command file in recovery mode in unexpected ways.
I'm invoking vim like this vim -r -c :q file, well actually, I'm invoking it from script, since I want vim to see something more like a terminal, then I look at the output file, so it's more like script -q -c "vim -r -c :q foo" fooscript, then I look in the fooscript file for messages like /Note: process STILL RUNNING: (\d+)/
It is beginning to look like I need to use vim -r without a file name, and parse the output of the -r report, and that there isn't a way to get the report pre-filtered to a single file in question.
after switching my focus to just vim -r, and
Knowing that vim will try to put the swap file into the same directory as the file it's editing ( thanks to #romainl for the pointer to :help swap-file )
observing that vim -r reports on the files in the current directory first,
observing that the file name associated with the swap file is reported before the process id of the vim process, and
observing that vim appends (STILL RUNNING) if it finds the active process
I changed the current directory appropriately and ran this code after plugging in the name of the file-to-search-for
perl -lne '
last if /^\s+In directory/;
undef $f if /^\d+/;
$f = $1 if /^\s+file name:\s+(.*)\s*$/;
if ( $f =~ m#/file-to-search-for# && /^\s+ process ID:\s(\d+).*?STILL RUNNING/ ) {
print $1;
$pid //= $1;
}
END { exit !$pid; } '
The pid of the running vim process is printed, and the exit status is zero when the appropiate swap file is found, and non-zero if the file was not being edited
In command prompt - How do I export all the content of the screen to a text file(basically a copy command, just not by using right-clicking and the clipboard)
This command works, but only for the commands you executed, not the actual output as well
doskey /HISTORY > history.txt
If you want to append a file instead of constantly making a new one/deleting the old one's content, use double > marks. A single > mark will overwrite all the file's content.
Overwrite file
MyCommand.exe>file.txt
^This will open file.txt if it already exists and overwrite the data, or create a new file and fill it with your output
Append file from its end-point
MyCommand.exe>>file.txt
^This will append file.txt from its current end of file if it already exists, or create a new file and fill it with your output.
Update #1 (advanced):
My batch-fu has improved over time, so here's some minor updates.
If you want to differentiate between error output and normal output for a program that correctly uses Standard streams, STDOUT/STDERR, you can do this with minor changes to the syntax. I'll just use > for overwriting for these examples, but they work perfectly fine with >> for append, in regards to file-piping output re-direction.
The 1 before the >> or > is the flag for STDOUT. If you need to actually output the number one or two before the re-direction symbols, this can lead to strange, unintuitive errors if you don't know about this mechanism. That's especially relevant when outputting a single result number into a file. 2 before the re-direction symbols is for STDERR.
Now that you know that you have more than one stream available, this is a good time to show the benefits of outputting to nul. Now, outputting to nul works the same way conceptually as outputting to a file. You don't see the content in your console. Instead of it going to file or your console output, it goes into the void.
STDERR to file and suppress STDOUT
MyCommand.exe 1>nul 2>errors.txt
STDERR to file to only log errors. Will keep STDOUT in console
MyCommand.exe 2>errors.txt
STDOUT to file and suppress STDERR
MyCommand.exe 1>file.txt 2>nul
STDOUT only to file. Will keep STDERR in console
MyCommand.exe 1>file.txt
STDOUT to one file and STDERR to another file
MyCommand.exe 1>stdout.txt 2>errors.txt
The only caveat I have here is that it can create a 0-byte file for an unused stream if one of the streams never gets used. Basically, if no errors occurred, you might end up with a 0-byte errors.txt file.
Update #2
I started noticing weird behavior when writing console apps that wrote directly to STDERR, and realized that if I wanted my error output to go to the same file when using basic piping, I either had to combine streams 1 and 2 or just use STDOUT. The problem with that problem is I didn't know about the correct way to combine streams, which is this:
%command% > outputfile 2>&1
Therefore, if you want all STDOUT and STDERR piped into the same stream, make sure to use that like so:
MyCommand.exe > file.txt 2>&1
The redirector actually defaults to 1> or 1>>, even if you don't explicitly use 1 in front of it if you don't use a number in front of it, and the 2>&1 combines the streams.
Update #3 (simple)
Null for Everything
If you want to completely suppress STDOUT and STDERR you can do it this way. As a warning not all text pipes use STDOUT and STDERR but it will work for a vast majority of use cases.
STD* to null
MyCommand.exe>nul 2>&1
Copying a CMD or Powershell session's command output
If all you want is the command output from a CMD or Powershell session that you just finished up, or any other shell for that matter you can usually just select that console from that session, CTRL + A to select all content, then CTRL + C to copy the content. Then you can do whatever you like with the copied content while it's in your clipboard.
Just see this page
in cmd type:
Command | clip
Then open a *.Txt file and Paste. That's it. Done.
If you are looking for each command separately
To export all the output of the command prompt in text files. Simply follow the following syntax.
C:> [syntax] >file.txt
The above command will create result of syntax in file.txt. Where new file.txt will be created on the current folder that you are in.
For example,
C:Result> dir >file.txt
To copy the whole session, Try this:
Copy & Paste a command session as follows:
1.) At the end of your session, click the upper left corner to display the menu.
Then select.. Edit -> Select all
2.) Again, click the upper left corner to display the menu.
Then select.. Edit -> Copy
3.) Open your favorite text editor and use Ctrl+V or your normal
Paste operation to paste in the text.
If your batch file is not interactive and you don't need to see it run then this should work.
#echo off
call file.bat >textfile.txt 2>&1
Otherwise use a tee filter. There are many, some not NT compatible. SFK the Swiss Army Knife has a tee feature and is still being developed. Maybe that will work for you.
How about this:
<command> > <filename.txt> & <filename.txt>
Example:
ipconfig /all > network.txt & network.txt
This will give the results in Notepad instead of the command prompt.
From command prompt Run as Administrator. Example below is to print a list of Services running on your PC run the command below:
net start > c:\netstart.txt
You should see a copy of the text file you just exported with a listing all the PC services running at the root of your C:\ drive.
If you want to output ALL verbosity, not just stdout. But also any printf statements made by the program, any warnings, infos, etc, you have to add 2>&1 at the end of the command line.
In your case, the command will be
Program.exe > file.txt 2>&1
I have a script in one of my application folders.Usually I just cd into that locatin in Unix box and run the script e.g.
UNIX> cd My\Folder\
My\Folder> MyScript
This prints the required result.
I am not sure how do I do this in Bash script.I have done the following
#!/bin/bash
mydir=My\Folder\
cd $mydir
echo $(pwd)
This basically puts me in the right folder to run the required script . But I am not sure how to run the script in the code?
If you can call MyScript (as opposed to ./MyScript), obviously the current directory (".") is part of your PATH. (Which, by the way, isn't a good idea.)
That means you can call MyScript in your script just like that:
#!/bin/bash
mydir=My/Folder/
cd $mydir
echo $(pwd)
MyScript
As I said, ./MyScript would be better (not as ambiguous). See Michael Wild's comment about directory separators.
Generally speaking, Bash considers everything that does not resolve to a builtin keyword (like if, while, do etc.) as a call to an executable or script (*) located somewhere in your PATH. It will check each directory in the PATH, in turn, for a so-named executable / script, and execute the first one it finds (which might or might not be the MyScript you are intending to run). That's why specifying that you mean the very MyScript in this directory (./) is the better choice.
(*): Unless, of course, there is a function of that name defined.
#!/bin/bash
mydir=My/Folder/
cd $mydir
echo $(pwd)
MyScript
I would rather put the name in quotes. This makes it easier to read and save against mistakes.
#!/bin/bash
mydir="My Folder"
cd "$mydir"
echo $(pwd)
./MyScript
Your nickname says it all ;-)
When a command is entered at the prompt that doesn't contain a /, Bash first checks whether it is a alias or a function. Then it checks whether it is a built-in command, and only then it starts searching on the PATH. This is a shell variable that contains a list of directories to search for commands. It appears that in your case . (i.e. the current directory) is in the PATH, which is generally considered to be a pretty bad idea.
If the command contains a /, no look-up in the PATH is performed. Instead an exact match is required. If starting with a / it is an absolute path, and the file must exist. Otherwise it is a relative path, and the file must exist relative to the current working directory.
So, you have two acceptable options:
Put your script in some directory that is on your PATH. Alternatively, add the directory containing the script to the PATH variable.
Use an absolute or relative path to invoke your script.
I am trying to find a way to register the files with extension .pl as executables.
I spent some time on the web looking for a solution, but I couldn't find anything.
What I can do:
I made a script, let's call it myscript.pl
I can run it like this :
perl myscript.pl [my_script_parameters]
Now since the file is associated with perl, I can also run it as:
myscript.pl [my_script_parameters]
Now, I know that there is somewhere a list of extensions that are considered as executables (.exe, .bat, etc…). I would like to add .pl to this list so that I can run my script like this:
myscript [my_script_parameters]
Does anyone know how to do this?
Yes, there is built-in support for this. If you check the help for command FTYPE you will see a perl example.
C:>help ftype
Displays or modifies file types used
in file extension associations
FTYPE [fileType[=[openCommandString]]]
fileType Specifies the file type to
examine or change openCommandString
Specifies the open command to use when
launching files
of this type.
Type FTYPE without parameters to
display the current file types that
have open command strings defined.
FTYPE is invoked with just a file
type, it displays the current open
command string for that file type.
Specify nothing for the open command
string and the FTYPE command will
delete the open command string for the
file type. Within an open command
string %0 or %1 are substituted with
the file name being launched through
the assocation. %* gets all the
parameters and %2 gets the 1st
parameter, %3 the second, etc. %~n
gets all the remaining parameters
starting with the nth parameter, where
n may be between 2 and 9, inclusive.
For example:
ASSOC .pl=PerlScript
FTYPE PerlScript=perl.exe %1 %*
would allow you to invoke a Perl
script as follows:
script.pl 1 2 3
If you want to eliminate the need to
type the extensions, then do the
following:
set PATHEXT=.pl;%PATHEXT%
and the script could be invoked as
follows:
script 1 2 3
You can simply add ";.PL" to the PATHEXT environment variable. Right-click "My computer" > Properties > Advanced > Environment variables > System variables.
Your best approach would be to write a batch file called myscript.bat, place it in your path, and have it run your script.. e.g.
#echo off
c:\perl\bin\perl.exe c:\scripts\myscript.pl %*
I looked at logrotate.conf examples and everything in my /etc/logrotate.d directory. Nowhere was I able to find documentation on variables in these files.
I am trying to create a config file for rotating the logs of an application we are writing. I want to set the directory where logs are stored once, and then use it as a variable, like so:
my_app_log_dir=/where/it/is/deployed/logs
${my_app_log_dir}/*.log ${my_app_log_dir}/some_sub_dir/*.log {
missingok
# and so on
# ...
}
Is that possible?
You can achieve what you are looking for by implementing this kludge:
my-logrotate.conf ( NOTE: double quotes " are mandatory, also note that file names don't have to appear on the same line )
"*.log"
"some_sub_dir/*.log"
{
missingok
# and so on
# ...
}
Then the actual logrotate script - my-logrotate.sh
#!/bin/sh
set -eu
cd "${my_app_log_dir}"
exec logrotate /path/to/my-logrotate.conf
Now you can add logrotate.sh to your crontab.
You can use a bash "here document" to create a suitable config file on the fly, either at installation time or before running logrotate.
A bash script might look like this:
cat >rt.conf <<.
"${my_app_log_dir}/*.log" {
rotate 5
size 15k
missingok
}
.
logrotate rt.conf
Directly in the config file no (as far as my knowledge in logrotate goes).
Other solution:
Use the include option to include parts of the configuration file from a directory. This can help you if you have a package for your application, the package can leave a file in that directory containing only the entries for your app.
With logrotate 3.8.7,a test reveals that you can set and use variables in the pre-rotate and post-rotate script sections.
I tried this for a particular service log file.
postrotate
pid_file="/run/some_service/some_serviced.pid"
test -e "${pid_file}" && kill -s HUP $(cat "${pid_file}") || true
touch "${pid_file}.WAS_USED"
endscript
After running logrotate in force mode to ensure the log file was rotated and the post-rotate script executed, on looking in /run/some_service, there was an additional file "some_serviced.pid.WAS_USED", thus proving that the use of the variable worked.