I'm trying to manipulate a dataset with sed so I can do it in a batch because the datasets have the same structure.
I've a dataset with two rows (first line in this example is the 7th row) like this:
Enginenumber; ABX 105;Productionnumber.;01 2345 67-
"",,8-9012
What I want:
Enginenumber; ABX 105;Productionnumber.;01 2345 67-8-9012
So the numbers (8-9012) in the second line have been added at the end of the first line because those numbers belong to each other
What I've tried:
sed '8s/7s/' file.csv
But that one does not work and I think that one will just replace whole row 7. The 8-9012 part is on row 8 of the file and I want that part added to row 7. Any ideas and is this possible?
Note: In the question's current form, a sed solution is feasible - this was not the case originally, where the last ;-separated field of the joined lines needed transforming as a whole, which prompted the awk solution below.
Joining lines 7 and 8 as-is, merely by removing the line break between them, can be achieved with this simple sed command:
sed '7 { N; s/\n//; }' file.csv
awk solution:
awk '
BEGIN { FS = OFS = ";" }
NR==7 { r = $0; getline; sub(/^"",,/, ""); $0 = r $0 }
1
' file.csv
Judging by the OP's comments, an additional problem is the presence of CRLF line endings in the input. With GNU Awk or Mawk, adding RS = "\r\n" to the BEGIN block is sufficient to deal with this (or RS = ORS = "\r\n", if the output should have CRLF line endings too), but with BSD Awk, which only supports single-character input record separators, more work is needed.
BEGIN { FS = OFS = ";" } tells Awk to split the input lines into fields by ; and to also use ; on output (when rebuilding the line).
Pattern NR==7 matches input line 7, and executes the associated action ({...}) with it.
r = $0; getline stores line 7 ($0 contains the input line at hand) in variable r, then reads the next line (getline), at which point $0 contains line 8.
sub(/^"",,/, "") then removes substring "",, from the start of line 8, leaving just 8-9012.
$0 = r $0 joins line 7 and modified line 8, and by assigning the concatenation back to $0, the string assigned is split into fields by ; anew, and the resulting fields are joined to form the new $0, separated by OFS, the output field separator.
Pattern 1 is a common shorthand that simply prints the (possibly modified) record at hand.
With sed:
sed '/^[^"]/{N;s/\n.*,//;}' file
/^[^"]/: search for lines not starting with ", and if found:
N: next line is appended to the pattern space
s/\n.*,//: all characters up to last , are removed from second line
Related
I need to replace all occurrences of a string after nth occurrence in every line of a Unix file.
My file data:
:account_id:12345:6789:Melbourne:Aus
:account_id:98765:43210:Adelaide:Aus
My output data:
:account_id:123456789MelbourneAus
:account_id:9876543210AdelaideAus
tried using sed: sed 's/://3g' test.txt
Unfortunately, the g option with the occurrence is not working as expected. instead, it is replacing all the occurrences.
Another approach using awk
awk -v c=':' -v n=2 'BEGIN{
FS=OFS=""
}
{
j=0;
for(i=0; ++i<=NF;)
if($i==c && j++>=n)$i=""
}1' file
$ cat file
:account_id:12345:6789:Melbourne:Aus
:account_id:98765:43210:Adelaide:Aus
$ awk -v c=':' -v n=2 'BEGIN{FS=OFS=""}{j=0;for(i=0; ++i<=NF;)if($i==c && j++>=n)$i=""}1' file
:account_id:123456789MelbourneAus
:account_id:9876543210AdelaideAus
With GNU awk, using gensub please try following. This is completely based on your shown samples, where OP wants to remove : from 3rd occurrence onwards. Using gensub to segregate parts of matched values and removing all colons from 2nd part(from 3rd colon onwards) in it as per OP's requirement.
awk -v regex="^([^:]*:)([^:]*:)(.*)" '
{
firstPart=restPart=""
firstPart=gensub(regex, "\\1 \\2", "1", $0)
restPart=gensub(regex,"\\3","1",$0)
gsub(/:/,"",restPart)
print firstPart restPart
}
' Input_file
I have inferred based on the limited data you've given us, so it's possible this won't work. But I wouldn't use regex for this job. What you have there is colon delimited fields.
So I'd approach it using split to extract the data, and then some form of string formatting to reassemble exactly what you like:
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
while (<DATA>) {
chomp;
my ( undef, $first, #rest ) = split /:/;
print ":$first:", join ( "", #rest ),"\n";
}
__DATA__
:account_id:12345:6789:Melbourne:Aus
:account_id:98765:43210:Adelaide:Aus
This gives you the desired result, whilst IMO being considerably clearer for the next reader than a complicated regex.
You can use the perl solution like
perl -pe 's~^(?:[^:]*:){2}(*SKIP)(?!)|:~~g if /^:account_id:/' test.txt
See the online demo and the regex demo.
The ^(?:[^:]*:){2}(*SKIP)(?!)|: regex means:
^(?:[^:]*:){2}(*SKIP)(?!) - match
^ - start of string (here, a line)
(?:[^:]*:){2} - two occurrences of any zero or more chars other than a : and then a : char
(*SKIP)(?!) - skip the match and go on to search for the next match from the failure position
| - or
: - match a : char.
And only run the replacement if the current line starts with :account_id: (see if /^:account_id:/').
Or an awk solution like
awk 'BEGIN{OFS=FS=":"} /^:account_id:/ {result="";for (i=1; i<=NF; ++i) { result = result (i > 2 ? $i : $i OFS)}; print result}' test.txt
See this online demo. Details:
BEGIN{OFS=FS=":"} - sets the input/output field separator to :
/^:account_id:/ - line must start with :account_id:
result="" - sets result variable to an empty string
for (i=1; i<=NF; ++i) { result = result (i > 2 ? $i : $i OFS)}; print result} - iterates over the fields and if the field number is greater than 2, just append the current field value to result, else, append the value + output field separator; then print the result.
I would use GNU AWK following way if n fixed and equal 2 following way, let file.txt content be
:account_id:12345:6789:Melbourne:Aus
:account_id:98765:43210:Adelaide:Aus
then
awk 'BEGIN{FS=":";OFS=""}{$2=FS $2 FS;print}' file.txt
output
:account_id:123456789MelbourneAus
:account_id:9876543210AdelaideAus
Explanation: use : as field separator and nothing as output field separator, this itself does remove all : so I add : which have to be preserved: 1st (before second column) and 2nd (after second column). Beware that I tested it solely for this data, so if you would want to use it you should firstly test it with more possible inputs.
(tested in gawk 4.2.1)
This might work for you (GNU sed):
sed 's/:/\n/3;h;s/://g;H;g;s/\n.*\n//' file
Replace the third occurrence of : by a newline.
Make a copy of the line.
Delete all occurrences of :'s.
Append the amended line to the copy.
Join the two lines by removing everything from third occurrence of the copy to the third occurrence of the amended line.
N.B. The use of the newline is the best delimiter to use in the case of sed, as the line presented to seds commands are initially devoid of newlines. However the important property of the delimiter is that it is unique and therefore can be any such character as long as it is not found anywhere in the data set.
An alternative solution uses a loop to remove all :'s after the first two:
sed -E ':a;s/^(([^:]*:){2}[^:]*):/\1/;ta' file
With GNU awk for the 3rd arg to match() and gensub():
$ awk 'match($0,/(:[^:]+:)(.*)/,a){ $0=a[1] gensub(/:/,"","g",a[2]) } 1' file
:account_id:123456789MelbourneAus
:account_id:9876543210AdelaideAus
and with any awk in any shell on every Unix box:
$ awk 'match($0,/:[^:]+:/){ tgt=substr($0,1+RLENGTH); gsub(/:/,"",tgt); $0=substr($0,1,RLENGTH) tgt } 1' file
:account_id:123456789MelbourneAus
:account_id:9876543210AdelaideAus
I'd like a sed script that eliminates repeated words in a text file on one or more lines. For example:
this is is is a text file file it is littered with duplicate words
words words on one or more lines lines
lines
lines
should transform to:
this is a text file it is littered with duplicate words
on one or more lines
This awk script produces the correct output:
{
for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++) {
word = $i
if (word != last) {
if (i < NF) {
next_word = $(i+1)
if (word != next_word) {
printf("%s ", word)
}
} else {
printf("%s\n", word)
}
}
}
last = word
}
but I'd really like a sed "one-liner".
This works with GNU sed, at least for the example input:
$ sed -Ez ':a;s/(\<\S+)(\s+)\1\s+/\1\2/g;ta' infile
This is a text file and is littered with duplicate words
on one or more lines
The -E option is just there to avoid having to escape the capture group parentheses and + quantifiers.
-z treats the input as null byte separated, i.e., as a single line.
The commmand is then structured as
:a # label
s///g # substitution
ta # jump to label if substitution did something
And the substitution is this:
s/(\<\S+)(\s+)\1\s+/\1\2/g
First capture group: (\<\S+) – a complete word (start of word boundary, one or more non-space characters
Second capture group: (\s+) – any number of blanks after that first word
\1\s+ – the first word again plus whatever blanks follow it
This preserves the whitespace after the first word and discards the whitespace after the duplicate.
Note that -E, -z, \<, \S and \s are all GNU extensions to POSIX sed.
With sed, you can use
sed -E 's/([a-z]+) +\1/\1/g'
Note that it works for duplicates. Not for triplicates or line breaks.
This can be fixed, by joining all the lines and looping.
sed -E ':a;N;s/(\b[a-z]+\b)([ \n])[ \n]*\b\1\b */\1\2/g;ba'
sed -En '
H
${
g
s/^\n//
s/(\<([[:alnum:]]+)[[:space:]]+)(\2([[:space:]]+|$))+/\1/g
p
}
' file
This is a text file with duplicate words
on one or more lines
where
H -- append each line to the hold space
${...} -- on the last line, perform the enclosed commands
g -- replace pattern space with the contents of the hold space
s/^\n// -- remove leading newline (side-effect of H on first line)
s/(\<([[:alnum:]]+)[[:space:]]+)(\2([[:space:]]+|$))+/\1/g
..1..2............2............1..........................
the key here is to capture the text and the spaces separately so that the back reference can match with differing whitespace.
captured expression #1 is the first word and it's whitespace (which can contain newlines), and the capture #2 is just the word.
What is a sed script that will remove the "\n" character but only if it is inside "" characters (delimited string), not the \n that is actually at the end of the (virtual) line?
For example, I want to turn this file
"lalala","lalalslalsa"
"lalalala","lkjasjdf
asdfasfd"
"lalala","dasdf"
(line 2 has an embedded \n ) into this one
"lalala","lalalslalsa"
"lalalala","lkjasjdf \\n asdfasfd"
"lalala","dasdf"
(Line 2 and 3 are now joined, and the real line feed was replaced with the character string \\n (or any other easy to spot character string, I'm not picky))
I don't just want to remove every other newline as a previous question asked, nor do I want to remove ALL newlines, just those that are inside quotes. I'm not wedded to sed, if awk would work, that's fine too.
The file being operated on is too large to fit in memory all at once.
sed is an excellent tool for simple substitutions on a single line but for anything else you should use awk., e.g:
$ cat tst.awk
{
if (/"$/) {
print prev $0
prev = ""
}
else {
prev = prev $0 " \\\\n "
}
}
$ awk -f tst.awk file
"lalala","lalalslalsa"
"lalalala","lkjasjdf \\n asdfasfd"
"lalala","dasdf"
Below was my original answer but after seeing #NeronLeVelu's approach of just testing for a quote at the end of the line I realized I was doing this in a much too complicated way. You could just replace gsub(/"/,"&") % 2 below with /"$/ and it'd work the same but the above code is a simpler implementation of the same functionality and will now handle embedded escaped double quotes as long as they aren't at the end of a line.
$ cat tst.awk
{ $0 = saved $0; saved="" }
gsub(/"/,"&") % 2 { saved = $0 " \\\\n "; next }
{ print }
$ awk -f tst.awk file
"lalala","lalalslalsa"
"lalalala","lkjasjdf \\n asdfasfd"
"lalala","dasdf"
The above only stores 1 output line in memory at a time. It just keeps building up an output line from input lines while the number of double quotes in that output line is an odd number, then prints the output line when it eventually contains an even number of double quotes.
It will fail if you can have double quotes inside your quoted strings escaped as \", not "", but you don't show that in your posted sample input so hopefully you don't have that situation. If you have that situation you need to write/use a real CSV parser.
sed -n ':load
/"$/ !{N
b load
}
:cycle
s/^\(\([^"]*"[^"]*"\)*\)\([^"]*"[^"]*\)\n/\1\3 \\\\n /
t cycle
p' YourFile
load the lines in working buffer until a close line (ending with ") is found or end reach
replace any \n that is after any couple of open/close " followed by a single " with any other caracter that " between from the start of file by the escapped version of new line (in fact replace starting string + \n by starting string and escaped new line)
if any substitution occur, retry another one (:cycle and t cycle)
print the result
continue until end of file
thanks to #Ed Morton for remark about escaped new line
The title may be confusing, here's what I'm trying to do:
File1
12=921:5,895:5,813:5,853:5,978:5,807:5,1200:5,1067:5,827:5
File2
Tom 12 John 921 Mike 813
Output
Tom=John:5,Mike:5
The file2 has the values of the numbers in file1, and I want match and replace the numbers with string values. I tried this with my limited knowledge in awk, but couldn't do it.
Any help appreciated.
Here's one way using GNU awk. Run like:
awk -f script.awk file1 file2
Contents of script.awk:
BEGIN {
FS="[ =:,]"
}
FNR==NR {
a[$1]=$0
next
}
$2 in a {
split(a[$2],b)
for (i=3;i<=NF-1;i+=2) {
for (j=2;j<=length(b)-1;j+=2) {
if ($(i+1) == b[j]) {
line = (line ? line "," : "") $i ":" b[j+1]
}
}
}
print $1 "=" line
line = ""
}
Results:
Tom=John:5,Mike:5
Alternatively, here's the one-liner:
awk -F "[ =:,]" 'FNR==NR { a[$1]=$0; next } $2 in a { split(a[$2],b); for (i=3;i<=NF-1;i+=2) for (j=2;j<=length(b)-1;j+=2) if ($(i+1) == b[j]) line = (line ? line "," : "") $i ":" b[j+1]; print $1 "=" line; line = "" }' file1 file2
Explanation:
Change awk's field separator to a either a space, equals, colon or comma.
'FNR==NR { ... }' is only true for the first file in the arguments list.
So when processing file1, awk will add column '1' to an array and we assign the whole line as a value to this array element.
'next' will simply skip processing the rest of the script, and read the next line of input.
When awk has finished reading the input in file1, it will continue reading file2. However, this also resets 'FNR' to '1', so awk will skip processing the 'FNR==NR' block for file2 because it is not longer true.
So for file2: if column '2' can be found in the array mentioned above:
Split the value of the array element into another array. This essentially splits up the whole line in file1.
Now create two loops.
The first will loop through all the names in file2
And the second will loop through all the values in the (second) array (this essentially loops over all the fields in file1).
Now when a value succeeding a name in file2 is equal to one of the key numbers in file1, create a line construct that looks like: 'name:number_following_key_number_from_file1'.
When more names and values are found during the loops, the quaternary construct '( ... ? ... : ...)' adds these elements onto the end of the line. It's like an if statement; if there's already a line, add a comma onto the end of it, else don't do anything.
When all the loops are complete, print out column '1' and the line. Then empty the line variable so that it can be used again.
HTH. Goodluck.
The following may work as a template:
skrynesaver#busybox ~/ perl -e '$values="12=921:5,895:5,813:5,853:5,978:5,807:5,1200:5,1067:5,827:5";
$data = "Tom 12 John 921 Mike 813";
($line,$values)=split/=/,$values;
#values=split/,/,$values;
$values{$line}="=";
map{$_=~/(\d+)(:\d+)/;$values{$1}="$2";}#values;
if ($data=~/\w+\s$line\s/){
$data=~s/(\w+)\s(\d+)\s?/$1$values{$2}/g;
}
print "$data\n";
'
Tom=John:5Mike:5
skrynesaver#busybox ~/
I have a file containing records delimited by the pattern /#matchee/. These records are of varying lengths ...say 45 - 75 lines. They need to ALL be 45 lines and still maintain the record delimiter. Records can be from different departments, department name is on line 2 following a blank line. So record delimiter could be thought of as simply /^#matchee/ or /^matchee/ followed by \n. There is a Deluxe edition of this problem and a Walmart edition ...
DELUXE EDITION
Pull each record by pattern range so I can sort records by department. Eg., with sed
sed -n '/^DEPARTMENT NAME/,/^#matchee/{p;}' mess-o-records.txt
Then, Print only the first 45 lines of each record in the file to conform to
the 45 line constraint.
Finally, make sure the result still has the record delimiter on line 45.
WALMART EDITION
Same as above, but instead of using a range, just use the record delimiter.
STATUS
My attempt at this might clarify what I'm trying to do.
sed -n -e '/^DEPARTMENT-A/,/^#matchee/{p;}' -e '45q' -e '$s/.*/#matchee/' mess-o-records.txt
This doesn't work, of course, because sed is operating on the entire file at each command.
I need it to operate on each range match not the whole file.
SAMPLE INPUT - 80 Lines ( truncated for space )
<blank line>
DEPARTMENT-A
Office space 206
Anonymous, MI 99999
Harold O Nonymous
Buckminster Abbey
Anonymous, MI 99999
item A Socket B 45454545
item B Gizmo Z 76767676
<too many lines here>
<way too many lines here>
#matchee
SAMPLE OUTPUT - now only 45 lines
<blank line>
DEPARTMENT-A
Office space 206
Anonymous, MI 99999
Harold O Nonymous
Buckminster Abbey
Anonymous, MI 99999
item A Socket B 45454545
item B Gizmo Z 76767676
<Record now equals exactly 45 lines>
<yet record delimiter is maintained>
#matchee
CLARIFICATION UPDATE
I will never need more than the first 40 lines if this makes things easier. Maybe the process would be:
Match pattern(s)
Print first 40 lines.
Pad to appropriate length. Eg., 45 lines.
Tack delimiter back on. Eg., #matchee
I think this would be more flexible -- Ie., can handle record shorter than 45 lines.
Here's a riff based on #Borodin's Perl example below:
my $count = 0;
$/ = "#matchee";
while (<>) {
if (/^REDUNDANCY.*DEPT/) {
print;
$count = 0;
}
else {
print if $count++ < 40;
print "\r\n" x 5;
print "#matchee\r\n";
}
}
This add 5 newlines to each record + the delimiting pattern /#matchee/. So it's wrong -- but it illustrates what I want.
Print 40 lines based on department -- pad -- tack delimiter back on.
I think I understand what you want. Not sure about the bit about pull each record by pattern range. Is #matchee always followed by a blank line and then the department line? So in fact record number 2?
This Perl fragment does what I understand you need.
If you prefer you can put the input file on the command line and drop the open call. Then the loop would have to be while (<>) { ... }.
Let us know if this is right so far, and what more you need from it.
use strict;
use warnings;
open my $fh, '<', 'mess-o-records.txt' or die $!;
my $count = 0;
while (<$fh>) {
if (/^#matchee/) {
print;
$count = 0;
}
else {
print if $count++ < 45;
}
}
I know this has already had an accepted answer, but I figured I'd post an awk example for anyone interested. It's not 100%, but it gets the job done.
Note This numbers the lines so you can verify the script is working as expected. Remove the i, from print i, current[i] to remove the line numbers.
dep.awk
BEGIN { RS = "#matchee\n\n" }
$0 ~ /[a-zA-Z0-9]+/ {
split($0, current, "\n")
for (i = 1; i <= 45; i++) {
print i, current[i];
}
print "#matchee\n"
}
In this example, you begin the script by setting the record separator (RS) to "#matchee\n\n". There are two newlines because the first ends the line on which #matchee occurs and the second is the blank line on its own.
The match validates that a record contains letters or numbers to be valid. You could also check that the match starts with 'DEPARTMENT-', but this would fail if there is a stray newline. Checking the content is the safest route. Because this uses a block record (i.e., DEPARTMENT-A through #matchee), you could either pass $0 through awk or sed again, or use the awk split function and loop through 45 lines. In awk, the arrays aren't zero-indexed.
The print function includes a newline, so the block ends with print "#matchee\n" only instead of the double \n in the record separator variable.
You could also drop the same awk script into a bash script and change the number of lines and field separator. Of course, you should add validations and whatnot, but here's the start:
dep.sh
#!/bin/bash
# prints the first n lines within every block of text delimited by splitter
splitter=$1
numlines=$2
awk 'BEGIN { RS="'$1'\n\n" }
$0 ~ /[a-zA-Z0-9]+/ {
split($0, current, "\n")
for(i=1;i<='$numlines';i++) {
print i, current[i]
}
print "'$splitter'", "\n"
}' $3
Make the script executable and run it.
./dep.sh '#matchee' 45 input.txt > output.txt
I added these files to a gist so you could also verify the output
This might work for you:
D="DEPARTMENT-A" M="#matchee"
sed '/'"$D/,/$M"'/{/'"$D"'/{h;d};H;/'"$M"'/{x;:a;s/\n/&'"$M"'/45;tb;s/'"$M"'/\n&/;ta;:b;s/\('"$M"'\).*/\1/;p};d}' file
Explanation:
Focus on range of lines /DEPARTMENT/,/#matchee/
At start of range move pattern space (PS) to hold space (HS) and delete PS /DEPARTMENT/{h;d}
All subsequent lines in the range append to HS and delete H....;d
At end of range:/#matchee/
Swap to HS x
Test for 45 lines in range and if successful append #matchee at the 45th line s/\n/&#matchee/45
If previous substitution was successful branch to label b. tb
If previous substitution was unsuccessful insert a linefeed before #matchee s/'"$M"'/\n&/ thus lengthening a short record to 45 lines.
Branch to label a and test for 45 lines etc . ta
Replace the first occurrence of #matchee to the end of the line by it's self. s/\('"$M"'\).*/\1/ thus shortening a long record to 45 lines.
Print the range of records. p
All non-range records pass through untouched.
TXR Solution ( http://www.nongnu.org/txr )
For illustration purposes using the fake data, I shorten the requirement from 40 lines to 12 lines. We find records beginning with a department name, delimited by #matchee. We dump them, chopped to no more than 12 lines, with #matchee added again.
#(collect)
# (all)
#dept
# (and)
# (collect)
#line
# (until)
#matchee
# (end)
# (end)
#(end)
#(output)
# (repeat)
#{line[0..12] "\n"}
#matchee
# (end)
#(end)
Here, the dept variable is expected to come from a -D command line option, but of course the code can be changed to accept it as an argument and put out a usage if it is missing.
Run on the sample data:
$ txr -Ddept=DEPARTMENT-A trim-extract.txr mess-o-records.txt
DEPARTMENT-A
Office space 206
Anonymous, MI 99999
Harold O Nonymous
Buckminster Abbey
Anonymous, MI 99999
item A Socket B 45454545
item B Gizmo Z 76767676
<too many lines here>
#matchee
The blank lines before DEPARTMENT-A are gone, and there are exactly 12 lines, which happen to include one line of the <too many ...> junk.
Note that the semantics of #(until) is such that the #matchee is excluded from the collected material. So it is correct to unconditionally add it in the #(output) clause. This program will work even if a record happens to be shorter than 12 lines before #matchee is found.
It will not match a record if #matchee is not found.