I am creating a Companion Objects, How do i traverse these objects?, i have written but not working, error thrown
Please help here
scala> :paste
object Network {
class Member(val name: String) {
var strName = name
val contacts = new collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer[Member]
println(" name -->" + strName)
}
}
class Network {
private val members = new collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer[Network.Member]
def join(name: String) = {
val m = new Network.Member(name)
members += m
m
}
}
val chatter = new Network
val myFace = new Network
val fred = chatter.join("Fred")
val wilma = chatter.join("Wilma")
fred.contacts += wilma // OK
val barney = myFace.join("Barney") // Has type myFace.Member
fred.contacts += barney // allowed
How do i traverse these objects?, i have written but not working, error thrown
for (a<- fred.contacts){
var Network.Member m = a
println("m -->" + m.strName)
//println("m -->" + a)
}
The declaration of m variable is not correct.
var m:Network.Member = a
That's the correct way to declare a variable in Scala. Or you can just ignore the type and let Scala interpret it.
var m = a
Related
I am trying to use Record class to generate RegInit. This can help to dynamically create RegInit with other information in Module.
I am trying to use Record class to generate RegInit.
Here are my codes.
class MyReg(reg_info: List[(String, UInt)]) extends Record {
override def elements: ListMap[String, UInt] = ListMap(
reg_info.map(
x =>
x._1 -> x._2
):_*
)
override def cloneType: MyReg.this.type = new MyReg(reg_info).asInstanceOf[this.type]
}
class reg_test(reg_list: List[(String, String, List[(String, Int)])]) extends Module with RegSugar {
val io = IO(new Bundle() {
val a = Input(UInt(16.W))
val b = Input(UInt(16.W))
val d = Output(UInt(16.W))
val e = Output(UInt(16.W))
})
val myBundle = new Bundle() {
val a = UInt(16.W)
val b = UInt(16.W)
}
val reg_init_bundle = RegInit(myBundle, 0.U.asTypeOf(myBundle))
println(reg_init_bundle)
reg_init_bundle.a := io.a
reg_init_bundle.b := io.b
val list_b = List(("a", UInt(16.W)), ("b", UInt(16.W)))
val myRecord = new MyReg(list_b)
val reg_init = RegInit(myRecord, 0.U.asTypeOf(myRecord))
reg_init.elements("a") := io.a
reg_init.elements("b") := io.b
io.d := reg_init.elements("a") + reg_init.elements("b")
io.e := reg_init_bundle.a + reg_init_bundle.b
}
In my sight, Bundle extends Record and if these code work on Bundle, they should also work on Record.
However, the error is reported on the line:
val reg_init = RegInit(myRecord, 0.U.asTypeOf(myRecord))
Exception in thread "main" chisel3.package$RebindingException: Attempted reassignment of binding to reg_test.reg_init_?.a: Wire[UInt<16>], from: ChildBinding(reg_test.reg_init_?: Reg[MyReg])
at ... ()
at implicit_test.reg_test.$anonfun$reg_init$2(reg_test.scala:61)
at chisel3.internal.prefix$.apply(prefix.scala:48)
at implicit_test.reg_test.$anonfun$reg_init$1(reg_test.scala:61)
at chisel3.internal.plugin.package$.autoNameRecursively(package.scala:33)
at implicit_test.reg_test.<init>(reg_test.scala:61)
at implicit_test.reg_test$.$anonfun$verilogString$1(reg_test.scala:77)
at ... ()
at ... (Stack trace trimmed to user code only. Rerun with --full-stacktrace to see the full stack trace)
It seems that these codes can successfully generate RegInit with Bundle but failed to generate RegInit with Record.
Is that a way to generate RegInit with Record? or there is a compiler error?
https://github.com/chipsalliance/chisel3/issues/2998. Thanks, guys. Here is the explanation for this Question. Case closed.
I'm getting logs from a firewall in CEF Format as a string which looks as:
ABC|XYZ|F123|1.0|DSE|DSE|4|externalId=e705265d0d9e4d4fcb218b cn2=329160 cn1=3053998 dhost=SRV2019 duser=admin msg=Process accessed NTDS fname=ntdsutil.exe filePath=\\Device\\HarddiskVolume2\\Windows\\System32 cs5="C:\\Windows\\system32\\ntdsutil.exe" "ac i ntds" ifm "create full ntdstest3" q q fileHash=80c8b68240a95 dntdom=adminDomain cn3=13311 rt=1610948650000 tactic=Credential Access technique=Credential Dumping objective=Gain Access patternDisposition=Detection. outcome=0
How can I create a DataFrame from this kind of string where I'm getting key-value pairs separated by = ?
My objective is to infer schema from this string using the keys dynamically, i.e extract the keys from left side of the = operator and create a schema using them.
What I have been doing currently is pretty lame(IMHO) and not very dynamic in approach.(because the number of key-value pairs can change as per different type of logs)
val a: String = "ABC|XYZ|F123|1.0|DSE|DCE|4|externalId=e705265d0d9e4d4fcb218b cn2=329160 cn1=3053998 dhost=SRV2019 duser=admin msg=Process accessed NTDS fname=ntdsutil.exe filePath=\\Device\\HarddiskVolume2\\Windows\\System32 cs5="C:\\Windows\\system32\\ntdsutil.exe" "ac i ntds" ifm "create full ntdstest3" q q fileHash=80c8b68240a95 dntdom=adminDomain cn3=13311 rt=1610948650000 tactic=Credential Access technique=Credential Dumping objective=Gain Access patternDisposition=Detection. outcome=0"
val ttype: String = "DCE"
type parseReturn = (String,String,List[String],Int)
def cefParser(a: String, ttype: String): parseReturn = {
val firstPart = a.split("\\|")
var pD = new ListBuffer[String]()
var listSize: Int = 0
if (firstPart.size == 8 && firstPart(4) == ttype) {
pD += firstPart(0)
pD += firstPart(1)
pD += firstPart(2)
pD += firstPart(3)
pD += firstPart(4)
pD += firstPart(5)
pD += firstPart(6)
val secondPart = parseSecondPart(firstPart(7), ttype)
pD ++= secondPart
listSize = pD.toList.length
(firstPart(2), ttype, pD.toList, listSize)
} else {
val temp: List[String] = List(a)
(firstPart(2), "IRRELEVANT", temp, temp.length)
}
}
The method parseSecondPart is:
def parseSecondPart(m:String, ttype:String): ListBuffer[String] = ttype match {
case auditActivity.ttype=>parseAuditEvent(m)
Another function call to just replace some text in the logs
def parseAuditEvent(msg: String): ListBuffer[String] = {
val updated_msg = msg.replace("cat=", "metadata_event_type=")
.replace("destinationtranslatedaddress=", "event_user_ip=")
.replace("duser=", "event_user_id=")
.replace("deviceprocessname=", "event_service_name=")
.replace("cn3=", "metadata_offset=")
.replace("outcome=", "event_success=")
.replace("devicecustomdate1=", "event_utc_timestamp=")
.replace("rt=", "metadata_event_creation_time=")
parseEvent(updated_msg)
}
Final function to get only the values:
def parseEvent(msg: String): ListBuffer[String] = {
val newMsg = msg.replace("\\=", "$_equal_$")
val pD = new ListBuffer[String]()
val splitData = newMsg.split("=")
val mSize = splitData.size
for (i <- 1 until mSize) {
if(i < mSize-1) {
val a = splitData(i).split(" ")
val b = a.size-1
val c = a.slice(0,b).mkString(" ")
pD += c.replace("$_equal_$","=")
} else if(i == mSize-1) {
val a = splitData(i).replace("$_equal_$","=")
pD += a
} else {
logExceptions(newMsg)
}
}
pD
}
The returns contains a ListBuffer[String]at 3rd position, using which I create a DataFrame as follows:
val df = ss.sqlContext
.createDataFrame(tempRDD.filter(x => x._1 != "IRRELEVANT")
.map(x => Row.fromSeq(x._3)), schema)
People of stackoverflow, i really need your help in improving my code, both for performance and approach.
Any kind of help and/or suggestions will be highly appreciated.
Thanks In Advance.
How does one access the parameters used to construct a Module from inside the Tester that is testing it?
In the test below I am passing the parameters explicitly both to the Module and to the Tester. I would prefer not to have to pass them to the Tester but instead extract them from the module that was also passed in.
Also I am new to scala/chisel so any tips on bad techniques I'm using would be appreciated :).
import Chisel._
import math.pow
class TestA(dataWidth: Int, arrayLength: Int) extends Module {
val dataType = Bits(INPUT, width = dataWidth)
val arrayType = Vec(gen = dataType, n = arrayLength)
val io = new Bundle {
val i_valid = Bool(INPUT)
val i_data = dataType
val i_array = arrayType
val o_valid = Bool(OUTPUT)
val o_data = dataType.flip
val o_array = arrayType.flip
}
io.o_valid := io.i_valid
io.o_data := io.i_data
io.o_array := io.i_array
}
class TestATests(c: TestA, dataWidth: Int, arrayLength: Int) extends Tester(c) {
val maxData = pow(2, dataWidth).toInt
for (t <- 0 until 16) {
val i_valid = rnd.nextInt(2)
val i_data = rnd.nextInt(maxData)
val i_array = List.fill(arrayLength)(rnd.nextInt(maxData))
poke(c.io.i_valid, i_valid)
poke(c.io.i_data, i_data)
(c.io.i_array, i_array).zipped foreach {
(element,value) => poke(element, value)
}
expect(c.io.o_valid, i_valid)
expect(c.io.o_data, i_data)
(c.io.o_array, i_array).zipped foreach {
(element,value) => poke(element, value)
}
step(1)
}
}
object TestAObject {
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
val tutArgs = args.slice(0, args.length)
val dataWidth = 5
val arrayLength = 6
chiselMainTest(tutArgs, () => Module(
new TestA(dataWidth=dataWidth, arrayLength=arrayLength))){
c => new TestATests(c, dataWidth=dataWidth, arrayLength=arrayLength)
}
}
}
If you make the arguments dataWidth and arrayLength members of TestA you can just reference them. In Scala this can be accomplished by inserting val into the argument list:
class TestA(val dataWidth: Int, val arrayLength: Int) extends Module ...
Then you can reference them from the test as members with c.dataWidth or c.arrayLength
To embed Scala as a "scripting language", I need to be able to compile text fragments to simple objects, such as Function0[Unit] that can be serialised to and deserialised from disk and which can be loaded into the current runtime and executed.
How would I go about this?
Say for example, my text fragment is (purely hypothetical):
Document.current.elements.headOption.foreach(_.open())
This might be wrapped into the following complete text:
package myapp.userscripts
import myapp.DSL._
object UserFunction1234 extends Function0[Unit] {
def apply(): Unit = {
Document.current.elements.headOption.foreach(_.open())
}
}
What comes next? Should I use IMain to compile this code? I don't want to use the normal interpreter mode, because the compilation should be "context-free" and not accumulate requests.
What I need to get hold off from the compilation is I guess the binary class file? In that case, serialisation is straight forward (byte array). How would I then load that class into the runtime and invoke the apply method?
What happens if the code compiles to multiple auxiliary classes? The example above contains a closure _.open(). How do I make sure I "package" all those auxiliary things into one object to serialize and class-load?
Note: Given that Scala 2.11 is imminent and the compiler API probably changed, I am happy to receive hints as how to approach this problem on Scala 2.11
Here is one idea: use a regular Scala compiler instance. Unfortunately it seems to require the use of hard disk files both for input and output. So we use temporary files for that. The output will be zipped up in a JAR which will be stored as a byte array (that would go into the hypothetical serialization process). We need a special class loader to retrieve the class again from the extracted JAR.
The following assumes Scala 2.10.3 with the scala-compiler library on the class path:
import scala.tools.nsc
import java.io._
import scala.annotation.tailrec
Wrapping user provided code in a function class with a synthetic name that will be incremented for each new fragment:
val packageName = "myapp"
var userCount = 0
def mkFunName(): String = {
val c = userCount
userCount += 1
s"Fun$c"
}
def wrapSource(source: String): (String, String) = {
val fun = mkFunName()
val code = s"""package $packageName
|
|class $fun extends Function0[Unit] {
| def apply(): Unit = {
| $source
| }
|}
|""".stripMargin
(fun, code)
}
A function to compile a source fragment and return the byte array of the resulting jar:
/** Compiles a source code consisting of a body which is wrapped in a `Function0`
* apply method, and returns the function's class name (without package) and the
* raw jar file produced in the compilation.
*/
def compile(source: String): (String, Array[Byte]) = {
val set = new nsc.Settings
val d = File.createTempFile("temp", ".out")
d.delete(); d.mkdir()
set.d.value = d.getPath
set.usejavacp.value = true
val compiler = new nsc.Global(set)
val f = File.createTempFile("temp", ".scala")
val out = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(f))
val (fun, code) = wrapSource(source)
out.write(code.getBytes("UTF-8"))
out.flush(); out.close()
val run = new compiler.Run()
run.compile(List(f.getPath))
f.delete()
val bytes = packJar(d)
deleteDir(d)
(fun, bytes)
}
def deleteDir(base: File): Unit = {
base.listFiles().foreach { f =>
if (f.isFile) f.delete()
else deleteDir(f)
}
base.delete()
}
Note: Doesn't handle compiler errors yet!
The packJar method uses the compiler output directory and produces an in-memory jar file from it:
// cf. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1281229
def packJar(base: File): Array[Byte] = {
import java.util.jar._
val mf = new Manifest
mf.getMainAttributes.put(Attributes.Name.MANIFEST_VERSION, "1.0")
val bs = new java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream
val out = new JarOutputStream(bs, mf)
def add(prefix: String, f: File): Unit = {
val name0 = prefix + f.getName
val name = if (f.isDirectory) name0 + "/" else name0
val entry = new JarEntry(name)
entry.setTime(f.lastModified())
out.putNextEntry(entry)
if (f.isFile) {
val in = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(f))
try {
val buf = new Array[Byte](1024)
#tailrec def loop(): Unit = {
val count = in.read(buf)
if (count >= 0) {
out.write(buf, 0, count)
loop()
}
}
loop()
} finally {
in.close()
}
}
out.closeEntry()
if (f.isDirectory) f.listFiles.foreach(add(name, _))
}
base.listFiles().foreach(add("", _))
out.close()
bs.toByteArray
}
A utility function that takes the byte array found in deserialization and creates a map from class names to class byte code:
def unpackJar(bytes: Array[Byte]): Map[String, Array[Byte]] = {
import java.util.jar._
import scala.annotation.tailrec
val in = new JarInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes))
val b = Map.newBuilder[String, Array[Byte]]
#tailrec def loop(): Unit = {
val entry = in.getNextJarEntry
if (entry != null) {
if (!entry.isDirectory) {
val name = entry.getName
// cf. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8909743
val bs = new ByteArrayOutputStream
var i = 0
while (i >= 0) {
i = in.read()
if (i >= 0) bs.write(i)
}
val bytes = bs.toByteArray
b += mkClassName(name) -> bytes
}
loop()
}
}
loop()
in.close()
b.result()
}
def mkClassName(path: String): String = {
require(path.endsWith(".class"))
path.substring(0, path.length - 6).replace("/", ".")
}
A suitable class loader:
class MemoryClassLoader(map: Map[String, Array[Byte]]) extends ClassLoader {
override protected def findClass(name: String): Class[_] =
map.get(name).map { bytes =>
println(s"defineClass($name, ...)")
defineClass(name, bytes, 0, bytes.length)
} .getOrElse(super.findClass(name)) // throws exception
}
And a test case which contains additional classes (closures):
val exampleSource =
"""val xs = List("hello", "world")
|println(xs.map(_.capitalize).mkString(" "))
|""".stripMargin
def test(fun: String, cl: ClassLoader): Unit = {
val clName = s"$packageName.$fun"
println(s"Resolving class '$clName'...")
val clazz = Class.forName(clName, true, cl)
println("Instantiating...")
val x = clazz.newInstance().asInstanceOf[() => Unit]
println("Invoking 'apply':")
x()
}
locally {
println("Compiling...")
val (fun, bytes) = compile(exampleSource)
val map = unpackJar(bytes)
println("Classes found:")
map.keys.foreach(k => println(s" '$k'"))
val cl = new MemoryClassLoader(map)
test(fun, cl) // should call `defineClass`
test(fun, cl) // should find cached class
}
Below Scala class parses a file using JDOM and populates the values from the file into a Scala immutable Map. Using the + operator on the Map does not seem to have any effect as the Map is always zero.
import java.io.File
import org.jsoup.nodes.Document
import org.jsoup.Jsoup
import org.jsoup.select.Elements
import org.jsoup.nodes.Element
import scala.collection.immutable.TreeMap
class JdkElementDetail() {
var fileLocation: String = _
def this(fileLocation: String) = {
this()
this.fileLocation = fileLocation;
}
def parseFile : Map[String , String] = {
val jdkElementsMap: Map[String, String] = new TreeMap[String , String];
val input: File = new File(fileLocation);
val doc: Document = Jsoup.parse(input, "UTF-8", "http://example.com/");
val e: Elements = doc.getElementsByAttribute("href");
val href: java.util.Iterator[Element] = e.iterator();
while (href.hasNext()) {
var objectName = href.next();
var hrefValue = objectName.attr("href");
var name = objectName.text();
jdkElementsMap + name -> hrefValue
println("size is "+jdkElementsMap.size)
}
jdkElementsMap
}
}
println("size is "+jdkElementsMap.size) always prints "size is 0"
Why is the size always zero, am I not adding to the Map correctly?
Is the only fix for this to convert jdkElementsMap to a var and then use the following?
jdkElementsMap += name -> hrefValue
Removing the while loop here is my updated object:
package com.parse
import java.io.File
import org.jsoup.nodes.Document
import org.jsoup.Jsoup
import org.jsoup.select.Elements
import org.jsoup.nodes.Element
import scala.collection.immutable.TreeMap
import scala.collection.JavaConverters._
class JdkElementDetail() {
var fileLocation: String = _
def this(fileLocation: String) = {
this()
this.fileLocation = fileLocation;
}
def parseFile : Map[String , String] = {
var jdkElementsMap: Map[String, String] = new TreeMap[String , String];
val input: File = new File(fileLocation);
val doc: Document = Jsoup.parse(input, "UTF-8", "http://example.com/");
val elements: Elements = doc.getElementsByAttribute("href");
val elementsScalaIterator = elements.iterator().asScala
elementsScalaIterator.foreach {
keyVal => {
var hrefValue = keyVal.attr("href");
var name = keyVal.text();
println("size is "+jdkElementsMap.size)
jdkElementsMap += name -> hrefValue
}
}
jdkElementsMap
}
}
Immutable data structures -- be they lists or maps -- are just that: immutable. You don't ever change them, you create new data structures based on changes to the old ones.
If you do val x = jdkElementsMap + (name -> hrefValue), then you'll get the new map on x, while jdkElementsMap continues to be the same.
If you change jdkElementsMap into a var, then you could do jdkEleemntsMap = jdkElementsMap + (name -> hrefValue), or just jdkElementsMap += (name -> hrefValue). The latter will also work for mutable maps.
Is that the only way? No, but you have to let go of while loops to achieve the same thing. You could replace these lines:
val href: java.util.Iterator[Element] = e.iterator();
while (href.hasNext()) {
var objectName = href.next();
var hrefValue = objectName.attr("href");
var name = objectName.text();
jdkElementsMap + name -> hrefValue
println("size is "+jdkElementsMap.size)
}
jdkElementsMap
With a fold, such as in:
import scala.collection.JavaConverters.asScalaIteratorConverter
e.iterator().asScala.foldLeft(jdkElementsMap) {
case (accumulator, href) => // href here is not an iterator
val objectName = href
val hrefValue = objectName.attr("href")
val name = objectName.text()
val newAccumulator = accumulator + (name -> hrefValue)
println("size is "+newAccumulator.size)
newAccumulator
}
Or with recursion:
def createMap(hrefIterator: java.util.Iterator[Element],
jdkElementsMap: Map[String, String]): Map[String, String] = {
if (hrefIterator.hasNext()) {
val objectName = hrefIterator.next()
val hrefValue = objectName.attr("href")
val name = objectName.text()
val newMap = jdkElementsMap + name -> hrefValue
println("size is "+newMap.size)
createMap(hrefIterator, newMap)
} else {
jdkElementsMap
}
}
createMap(e.iterator(), new TreeMap[String, String])
Performance-wise, the fold will be rather slower, and the recursion should be very slightly faster.
Mind you, Scala does provide mutable maps, and not just to be able to say it has them: if they fit better you problem, then go ahead and use them! If you want to learn how to use the immutable ones, then the two approaches above are the ones you should learn.
The map is immutable, so any modifications will return the modified map. jdkElementsMap + (name -> hrefValue) returns a new map containing the new pair, but you are discarding the modified map after it is created.
EDIT: It looks like you can convert Java iterables to Scala iterables, so you can then fold over the resulting sequence and accumulate a map:
import scala.collection.JavaConverters._
val e: Elements = doc.getElementsByAttribute("href");
val jdkElementsMap = e.asScala
.foldLeft(new TreeMap[String , String])((map, href) => map + (href.text() -> href.attr("href"))
if you don't care what kind of map you create you can use toMap:
val jdkElementsMap = e.asScala
.map(href => (href.text(), href.attr("href")))
.toMap